國(guó)際音標(biāo)教學(xué)

國(guó)際音標(biāo)請(qǐng)?jiān)诖溯斎肽母睒?biāo)題1．什么是音素：音素是語(yǔ)音的最小單位。2．音素的分類(lèi)：元音和輔音。3．音素的個(gè)數(shù)：共48個(gè)，元音音素20個(gè)，輔音音素28個(gè)。4．什么是音標(biāo)：記錄音素的符號(hào)叫做音標(biāo)。5．什么是國(guó)際音標(biāo)：國(guó)際音標(biāo)是由國(guó)際語(yǔ)音協(xié)會(huì)規(guī)定的一套音標(biāo)，用來(lái)

記錄世界各主要語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)音。7.開(kāi)音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音+e:name,bike,home,due,

plane,shineb)輔音+元音:he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three,hello8.閉音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup,let,mad,mapb)元音+輔音:it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant9.重讀音節(jié)：?jiǎn)卧~中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。元音和輔音的定義：發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶振動(dòng)，呼出的氣流通過(guò)口腔時(shí)不受阻礙，這樣形成的語(yǔ)音稱為元音。不論聲帶振動(dòng)與否，發(fā)音時(shí)呼出的氣流通過(guò)口腔或鼻腔時(shí)受到一定的阻礙，這樣形成的語(yǔ)音稱為輔音。發(fā)音時(shí)聲帶不振動(dòng)的輔音稱為清輔音。發(fā)音聲帶振動(dòng)的輔音稱為濁輔音。音標(biāo)的書(shū)寫(xiě)1.

音標(biāo)必須寫(xiě)在括號(hào)里，常用的音標(biāo)括號(hào)有斜頭和平頭兩種，其上端不頂?shù)谝痪€，大致與大寫(xiě)字母相齊，下端在第三格的中間。2.

音標(biāo)沒(méi)有書(shū)寫(xiě)體，也沒(méi)有大小寫(xiě)，因此書(shū)寫(xiě)時(shí)必須和印刷體一樣，直上直下，沒(méi)有斜度。Aa[ei]Bb[bi:]Cc[si:]Dd[di:]Ee[i:]Ff[ef]Gg[d3i:]Hh[eit∫]Ii[ai]Jj[d3ei]Kk[kei]Ll[el]Mm[em]Nn[en]Oo[?u]Pp[pi:]Qq[kju:]Rr[ɑ:]Ss[es]Tt[ti:]Uu[ju:]Vv[vi:]Ww[′d∧blju:]Xx[eks]Yy[wai]Zz[zi:][zed]

Part1-認(rèn)識(shí)26個(gè)英文字母及其發(fā)音美音Part2-認(rèn)識(shí)48個(gè)國(guó)際音標(biāo)單元音(12個(gè))：/i:/

/?//e//?//?//?:/

/?//ɑ://?//?://?//u:/雙元音(8個(gè))：/e?//a?//??//??//a?//??//e?//??/輔音(10對(duì)20個(gè)：清濁)：/p/&/b/;/t/&/d/;/k/&/g/;/f/&/v//s/&/z/;/θ/&/e/;/?/&/?/;/t?/&/d?/;/tr/&/dr/;/ts/&/dz/

輔音（單個(gè)8個(gè)）

/m//n/

/?/

/?//h//r/

/j//w/;

也稱半元音/i:/eesee/si:/beef/bi:f/tree/tri:/green/gri:n/

eaeat/i:t/sea/si:/tea/ti:/please/pli:z/

iechief/t?i:f/field/fi:ld/piece/pi:s/thief/θi:f/

ehe/hi:/she/?i:/we/wi:/these/ei:z//?/ibig/b?g/it/?t/kid/k?d/pig/pig/以y/ey結(jié)尾twenty/twenti/monkey/m??ki/money/m?ni//e/ehen/hen/egg/eg/red/red/pen/pen/

eahead/hed/ready/redi/bread/bred/ breakfast/brekf?st//?/abag/b?g/cap/k?p/can/k?n/fat/f?t/發(fā)音特點(diǎn)是：聲帶振動(dòng)，嘴型越來(lái)越大。/p/p

清輔音pig/pig/cap/k?p/park/pɑ:k//b/b濁輔音bag/b?g/bee/bi:/boy/b??//t/t清輔音it/?t/tiger/ta?g?/table/teibl//d/d

濁輔音dog/d?g/desk/desk/door/d?://k/c/ck/k

清輔音week/wi:k/cat/k?t/cock/k?k//g/g

濁輔音bag/b?g/good/g?d/green/gri:n/前3對(duì)輔音音標(biāo)Part1:學(xué)習(xí)5-10號(hào)單元音

單元音:/ɑ://?//?//?://?//u:/。Part2:學(xué)習(xí)另3對(duì)輔音并了解其發(fā)音口型和部位，分清清輔音和濁輔音的區(qū)別。輔音：/f/&/v/;/s/&/z/;/θ/&/e/。課程安排:

6個(gè)單元音和6個(gè)輔音音標(biāo)/ɑ:/aclass/klɑ:s/father/fɑ:e?/pass/pɑ:s/vase/vɑ:z/arcar/kɑ:/card/kɑ:d/park/pɑ:k/party/pɑ:ti/

/?/ubus/b?s/cup/k?p/duck/d?k/ocome/k?m/some/s?m/mother/m?e?/

outouch/t?t?/young/j??/country/k?tri//?/odog/d?g/not/n?t/cock/k?k/shop/??p/

awant/w?nt/wash/w??/what/w?t/5-10號(hào)單元音/?:/aall/?:l/ball/b?:l/call/k?:l/tall/?:l/alchalk/t??:k/walk/w?:k/talk/t?:k/orfork/f?:k/horse/h?:s/sword/s?:d/aucause/k?:z/pause/p?:z/fault/f?:lt/awdraw/dr?:/law/l?:/hawk/h?:k//?/u

look/l?k/

put/p?t/pull/p?l/sugar/??g?/

oo

book/b?k/cook/k?k/good/g?d/look/l?k//u:/oo

cool/ku:l/food/fu:d/school/sku:l/zoo/zu:/

ou

soup/su:p/group/gru:p/through/θru:/

uijuice/d?u:s/fruit/fru:t/

ublue/blu:/glue/glu:/5-10號(hào)元音的發(fā)音特點(diǎn)是：聲帶振動(dòng)號(hào)單元音/f/f

清輔音farm/fɑ:m/five/fa?v/fire/fa??/knife/na?f/

ph

清輔音phone/f??n/photo/f??t??//v/v濁輔音five/fa?v/vase/vɑ:z/drive/dra?v/very/veri//s/c清輔音face/fe?s/ice/a?s/nice/na?s/rice/ra?s/

s清輔音see/si:/sit/sit/sew/s??/study/st?di//z/s

濁輔音vase/vɑ:z/please/pli:z/easy/i:zi/z

濁輔音zip/zip/zoo/zu:/zebra/zebr?/zero/z??r??//θ/th

清輔音math/m?θ/month/m?nθ/mouth/ma?θ//e/th

濁輔音this/eis/that/e?t/those/e??z/these/ei:z/學(xué)習(xí)另3對(duì)輔音音標(biāo)/?:/erher/h?:/term/t?:m/

irbird/b?:d/girl/g?:l/skirt/sk?:t/first/f?:st/orword/w?:d/work/w?:k/

urnurse/n?:s/fur/f?://?/aabout/?baut/sofa/s?uf?/China/t?ain?/

eopen/?up?n/travel/’tr?v?l/

ordoctor/d?kt?/actor/?kt?/er

teacher/ti:t??/farmer/fa:m?/driver/dra?v?/mother/m?e?/Part1–學(xué)習(xí)11-12號(hào)單元音18-20號(hào)雙元音職業(yè)的結(jié)尾or或er/??/earear/??/dear/d??/hear/h??/tear/t??/eerbeer/b??/deer/d??/peer/p??//e?/airair/e?/chair/t?e?/hair/he?/pair/pe?/arecare/ke?/dare/de?/share/?e?/earbear/be?/pear/pe?//??/oorpoor/p??/tour/t??/uresure/???/assure/?’???/Part1–學(xué)習(xí)11-12號(hào)單元音18-20號(hào)雙元音/?/sh

清輔音fish/f??/ship/??p/shoes/?u:z/wish/wi?//?/s

清輔音sure/???//?/s濁輔音measure/me??/pleasure/ple??//t?/ch清輔音chess/t?es/child/t?a?ld/chick/t??k//d?/g

濁輔音age/e?d?/magic/m?d??k/page/pe?d?/

j

濁輔音jam/d??m/jeep/d?i:p/jump/d??mp//m/m濁輔音math/m?θ/month/m?nθ/mouth/ma?θ//n/n

濁輔音no/n??/number/n?mb?/knee/ni:/nine/na?n//?/

ng濁輔音morning/m?:n??/sleeping/sli:pi?/Part2–學(xué)習(xí)另2對(duì)輔音+3個(gè)單獨(dú)輔音26/27/28為鼻輔音Part1:學(xué)習(xí)13-17號(hào)雙元音音標(biāo)

雙元音：/e?//a?//??//??//a?/Part2:學(xué)習(xí)另2對(duì)輔音音標(biāo)并了解其發(fā)音口型和部位，分清清輔音和濁輔音的區(qū)別。輔音：/tr/&/dr/;/ts/&/dz/

掌握本課所學(xué)音標(biāo)，并且掌握字母組合發(fā)音的規(guī)則及相關(guān)的例詞；

學(xué)習(xí)5雙元音和2對(duì)輔音音標(biāo)/e?/acake/ke?k/game/ge?m/plane/ple?n/take/te?k/plate/ple?t/wake/we?k/

snake/sne?k//??/o

don’t/d??nt/go/g??/old/??ld/rose/r??z/

so/s??/

oaboat/b??t/coat/k??t/road/r??d/soap/s??p/

owblow/bl??/show/???/know/n??/snow/sn??/Part1–學(xué)習(xí)13-17號(hào)雙元音音標(biāo)/a?/iI/a?/bike/ba?k/drive/dra?v/ice/a?s/knife/na?f/

ycry/krai/fly/flai/my/mai/try/trai/sky/skai/

uybuy/ba?/guy/ga?/等其他不規(guī)則:eye/a?//a?/oublouse/bla?z/mouth/ma?θ/south/sa?θ/owcow/ka?/flower/flau?/how/ha?/now/na?//??/oyboy/b??/soy/s??/toy/t??/oicoin/k??n/noise/n??z/voice/v??s/point/p??nt/Part1–學(xué)習(xí)13-17號(hào)雙元音音標(biāo)/tr/tr

清輔音tree/tri:/train/tre?n/truck/tr?k/true/tru://dr/dr濁輔音drive/dra?v/dragon/dr?g?n/draw/dr?://ts/ts清輔音boats/b??ts/coats/k??ts/cats/k?ts/gates/ge?ts/

/dz/ds

濁輔音beds/bedz/birds/b?:dz/

hands/h?ndz/

Part2–學(xué)習(xí)另2對(duì)輔音音標(biāo)通常在單詞的開(kāi)頭通常在以t或者te結(jié)尾的單詞+s通常在以d結(jié)尾的單詞+sPart1:學(xué)習(xí)最后的5個(gè)輔音音標(biāo)并了解其發(fā)音口型和部位，認(rèn)識(shí)半元音。并且掌握字母組合發(fā)音的規(guī)則及相關(guān)的例詞；輔音：

/?//h//r/

/j//w/

Part2:練習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)所學(xué)過(guò)的48個(gè)音標(biāo)；要求：能夠認(rèn)識(shí)、讀出并且會(huì)寫(xiě)所有的音標(biāo)。課程安排:

學(xué)習(xí)最后5個(gè)輔音音標(biāo)這2個(gè)也稱半元音/?/l

濁輔音late/le?t/leg/leg/look/luk/love/l?v//h/h

清輔音hat/h?t/hand/h?nd/her/h?:/ho