屆英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí)語法填空專題訓(xùn)練時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)的知識(shí)

時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是廣東高考語法填空中的必考點(diǎn)，每年必考1題。究竟考些什么內(nèi)容？現(xiàn)將考點(diǎn)簡(jiǎn)述如下：1.時(shí)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)是英語謂語動(dòng)詞的一種形式，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間和所處的狀態(tài)。英語中的時(shí)態(tài)是通過動(dòng)詞形式本身的變化來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。英語中常用的時(shí)態(tài)有16種，但高考考試說明中規(guī)定要掌握的有十種：考點(diǎn)解密10種時(shí)態(tài)構(gòu)成(以do為例)主要用法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)do/does經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，客觀事實(shí)，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)一般過去時(shí)did在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一般將來時(shí)will/shalldo在將來某一時(shí)刻要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)過去將來時(shí)woulddo在過去某一時(shí)刻看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoing表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/weredoing表示在過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作將來進(jìn)行時(shí)will/shallbedoing表示將來某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)過去完成時(shí)haddone表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)詞，即“過去的過去”現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/hasbeendoing表示一個(gè)從過去就開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作注：(1)表示將來還有多種形式，如：“begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形”“beto+動(dòng)詞原形”“beaboutto+動(dòng)詞原形”等。在飛機(jī)、火車等時(shí)刻表中規(guī)定的事情，或在時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來；表示計(jì)劃好的活動(dòng)，還常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示。(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always，continually，constantly等連用，表示說話人的某種情感，如贊揚(yáng)，遺憾，討厭或不滿等。如：Heisalwayshelpingothers.他總是幫助別人。(贊揚(yáng))2.語態(tài)。語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的形式由be來體現(xiàn)，如一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)就是“was/were+過去分詞”，一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)就是“willbe+過去分詞”。在廣東高考英語語法填空中，一般有一空是考查謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)有一空是考查非謂語動(dòng)詞，因此，首先要判斷括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞是謂語動(dòng)詞還是非謂語動(dòng)詞；若是謂語動(dòng)詞，一是根據(jù)主語與謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系判斷用主動(dòng)語態(tài)還是用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，二是根據(jù)具體的語境來判斷用哪一種時(shí)態(tài)，進(jìn)而確定所填動(dòng)詞的形式。解題技巧例1：Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheirnaturalcourse.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(2008廣東)實(shí)例剖析分析：因句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，括號(hào)中的result應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動(dòng)詞；主語與謂語動(dòng)詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，再說短語動(dòng)詞resultin本身是不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的，故用主動(dòng)語態(tài)；根據(jù)語境，這段話是拔苗助長(zhǎng)這個(gè)成語故事所說明的道理，“我們必須讓事物沿著它們的自然進(jìn)程發(fā)展。太著急幫助一件事物發(fā)展，結(jié)果往往和我們的意圖相反（欲速則不達(dá)）?！边@是客觀真理，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填results。例2：Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich__________(place)undertheMinister’scar.(2005廣東)分析：替代thebox的關(guān)系代詞which在定語從句中作主語，place應(yīng)當(dāng)為謂語動(dòng)詞；因主語which(thebox)與place(放置)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)；又因place這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在wascaught這個(gè)動(dòng)作之前，即“過去的過去”，用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填hadbeenplaced。考點(diǎn)擊破一、單句填空：用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Thehousebelongstomyauntbutshe

____________(not

live)hereanymore.(全國(guó)I)2.Thismachine_______________(not

work).Ithasn’tworkedforyears.(浙江)3.Iftheirmarketingplanssucceed,they________________(increase)theirsalesby20percent.(全國(guó)Ⅱ)4.Populationexpertspredictthatmostpeople_____________(live)incitiesinthenearfuture.(上海春)doesn’t

live

doesn’t

work

will

increase

will

live

5.He__________(play)footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.(天津)6.--HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime?--Yes,sinceshe_________(join)theChineseSociety.(寧夏)7.Teenagers____________(damage)theirhealthbecausetheyplaycomputergamestoomuch.(重慶)8.IcalledHnnahmanytimesyesterdayevening,butIcouldn’tgetthrough.Herbrother__________(talk)onthephoneallthetime!(湖南)played

joined

are

damaging

was

talking

9.Johnpromisedhisdoctorhe_____________(not

smoke),andhehassmokedeversince.(北京)10.Bythistimetomorrow,I_____________(lie)onthebeach11.Sofarthisyearwe___________(see)afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(福建)would

not

smoke

will

be

lying

have

seen

12.Thehotelwasn’tparticularlygood.ButI____________(stay)inmanyworsehotels.(北京)13.Wefirstmetonatrainin2000.Webothfeltimmediatelythatwe____________(know)eachotherforyears.(遼寧)had

stayed

had

known

14.--I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.--Ithinkso.He_____________________(prepare)foritformonths.(江蘇)15.Thetelephone________________(ring),butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.(四川)16.--Didyougototheshowlastnight?--Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea_______________(invite).(陜西)has

been

preparing

was

ringing

was

invited

17.--What’sthatnoise?--Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine_______________(test).(浙江)18.IliketheseEnglishsongsandthey___________________(teach)manytimesontheradio.(安徽)is

being

tested

have

been

taught

19.Nodecision_______________(make)aboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.(北京)20.--Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou______________(offer)thisjob?--Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary….(湖南)will

be

made

are

offered

二、語篇填空

閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為31～40的相應(yīng)位置上。(以動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)為主)(1)It

wasgettingdarkwhenIgothome.ItwascoldandI[1]_______________(wear)acoat.Iwalkeduptothedoorandputmyhandintomypocket[2]________(take)outmykey[3]______Icouldn’tfindit.IsuddenlyrememberedthatI

hadleft[4]______onmydeskintheoffice.Itreallydidn’tmake[5]________difference.Iknewmywifewasathomeandthechildrenmusthavecomebackfromschool[6]________now,soIknocked

atthedoor.was

wearing

to

take

but

it

any

by

Therewasnoanswer,soIknockedagain.I[7]____________(continue)knockingatthedoorforsometime.Iwasgettingangry.ThenIrememberedsomethingtheofficeboyhadtoldmeatnoon.Hesaidthatmywife[8]________(phone)

sayingthatshe[9]_____________(go)shoppingintheafternoonwiththechildren.Therewasonlyonethingforme

todo:Ihadtoclimein[10]___________awindow.

continued

had

phone

would

go

through

(2)Whenhewasalittleboy,ChristopherCockerelloncewatchedhismother[1]_______________(turn)thewheelofhersewing-machinewithherhand.“Wouldn'titwork[2]________(quick)ifamachineturnedthewheelforyou?”heasked.“Isupposeitwould,”saidhismother,without[3]________(pay)himanyattention.Christopher[4]________(know)shealwayshadalotofwork,andhewanted[5]________(help)her.turning/turn

quicker

paying

knew

to

help

Upinhisbedroomtherewasatoysteam-enginewhichhisfatherhadbought[6]______asagift.“I[7]__________________(make)betteruseofit,”littleChristophersaidtohimself.So,whenhismother[8]____________(not

use)hersewing-machine,