初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)總結(jié)計(jì)劃練練習(xí)習(xí)題答案

一、時(shí)態(tài)解說(shuō)：此刻達(dá)成時(shí)1）組成：此刻達(dá)成時(shí)由助動(dòng)詞have+過(guò)去分詞組成，助動(dòng)詞have有人稱和數(shù)的變化。第三人稱單數(shù)用has，其他用have.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)的否認(rèn)式直接在助動(dòng)詞后邊加上not、疑問(wèn)式是把助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)以前。以study為例，其否認(rèn)式、疑問(wèn)式和簡(jiǎn)單回答形式以下：（2）用法：1）此刻達(dá)成時(shí)往常表示在說(shuō)話以前已經(jīng)達(dá)成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。說(shuō)話人重申的是該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)此刻的結(jié)果或影響。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女兒剛出去。I’msurewe’vemetbefore我肯.定我們以前見(jiàn)過(guò)面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示連續(xù)到此刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常常和包含此刻在內(nèi)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如recently,already,just,lately,for等,since。如：,yetIhaven’theardfromherthesedays.這些日子我沒(méi)有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenyourecently.近來(lái)我們沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他們走開已經(jīng)兩年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.★注意：since和for的差別since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如1993，lastterm,yesterday,thetimeIgottherefor后接一段時(shí)間，表示“長(zhǎng)達(dá)多久”，如tenyears,awhile,twodays等。Exercise:用since和for填空1/16Jimhasbeenin______Monday.JillhasbeeninIreland______threedays.HisaunthaslivedinAustralia______15days.Maryisinheroffice.Shehasbeenthere______7o'clock.Indiahasbeenanindependentcountry______1974.Thebusislate.They'vebeenwaiting______20minutes.Nobodylivesinthosehouses.Theyhavebeenempty______manyyears.Mikehasbeenill______alongtime.Hehasbeeninhospital______October.2）表示短暫意義的動(dòng)詞如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等，在達(dá)成時(shí)中間不可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，由于它們表示的動(dòng)作不行能連續(xù)。所以，不可以說(shuō)：Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months.×Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.×以上三句話能夠改為：Hehasbeenherefor2weeks.Theoldmanhas_____________for4months.Theyhave__________onlyfor5minutes2）have(has)been和have(has)gone的差別：表示“曾到過(guò)某地”要用“have(has)been表示”“;已經(jīng)去某地”要用“have(has)gone。試比”較：Wherehashebeen?他方才到哪里去了？（已經(jīng)回來(lái)了）Wherehashegone?他上哪兒去了？（人不在）Theyhavebeento.他們到過(guò)加拿大。（此刻已經(jīng)不在加拿大）2/16Theyhavegoneto.他們到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已經(jīng)到加拿大）.3）此刻達(dá)成時(shí)不可以和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday,lastyear,in1976,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein，但能夠和already,yet,sometimes,always,often,before,lately,recently,once,twice,ever,never等連用。比如：Ihaven’treadityet我.還沒(méi)讀過(guò)這個(gè)。Ihavemethimbefore.我以前曾見(jiàn)過(guò)他。MaHonghasalwaysbeenagoodstudent.馬紅向來(lái)是個(gè)勤學(xué)生。Ihaveoftenseenhiminthestreet.我常常在街上看見(jiàn)他。TheyhaveneverbeentoYan他’們an從.未去過(guò)延安。Ihaven'tseenhimlately.我近來(lái)沒(méi)看到他。IrregularVerbsExercise:I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.I____already____(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek._____he____(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.4.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacheroffice.’sI__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.I________just___________(finish)myhomework.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.10.____you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?3/16Ifit____(be)finetomorrow,I'llgowithyou.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.Look!Themonkey__________(climb)thetree.15.I'velostmypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?II.Choosethebestanswer.Howlonghaveyou_______here?Mygrandpadied_________.A.attheageofmy2B.for2yearsC.whenIwas2.D.myagewas6.A.beenB.goneC.wentD.neverbeen4.Itistenyears_____Ilastsawher.A.afterB.sinceC.forD.that5.--WhowillgotothestationtomeetLorry?--Iwill.I_____herseveraltimes.A.metB.havemetC.hadmetD.willmeet--Whatanicedress!Howlong_____you_____it?--Just2weeks.A.will,buyB.did,buyC.are,havingD.have,had7.--Doyouknowverywell?--Yes,SheandI_____friendssincewewereveryyoung.8.TheSmiths_______infor8years.4/16A.haslivedB.livedC.havebeenD.live--Hello,thisisMr.Greenspeaking.CanIspeaktoMr.Black?--Sorry.He______the.A.hasbeentoB.hasgonetoC.wenttoD.willgoto--____youever____tothe?--Yes,twice.A.Have,goneB.Have,beenC,Do,goD.were,goingIII.Rewritethesentences.IhavebeentoMacaubefore.(改為否認(rèn)句)I____just____anewbike.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.改(為同義句)We________English____threeyearsHehasneversurfed,______________?（改成反意疑問(wèn)句）Theyhavebeenheresince2000.(對(duì)劃線部分發(fā)問(wèn))______________havetheybeenhere?7.Theoldman_________lastyear.Hehas______________forayear.(die)（動(dòng)詞填空）8.MissGaoleftanhourago.(同義句變換)MissGaohas_______________________anhourago.Askthequestions1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._____________________________you____________________?5/162)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.____________________________yourfather___________________?3)Helefthereyesterday._________________he___________________?4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._____________________they__________abook?Use“never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since”tofillintheblanks.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.5.“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”此刻達(dá)成時(shí)練習(xí)題及答案一、翻譯以下句子：你以前吃過(guò)魚和薯?xiàng)l嗎？我剛才丟了我的化學(xué)書。我以前素來(lái)沒(méi)去過(guò)那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。他已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午餐你已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了嗎？我哥哥還沒(méi)回來(lái)。7.這本詞典我已買了三年了。6/168.他走開中國(guó)三年了。9.我認(rèn)識(shí)他們五年了。10.他們已去了美國(guó)五年了。11.自從他搬到濟(jì)寧，他就住這兒了。12.我妹妹成為一個(gè)大學(xué)生已經(jīng)三年。13.自從____年以來(lái)他們就認(rèn)識(shí)。14.我到達(dá)這個(gè)學(xué)校已3年多了。二、用since和for填空1.______twoyears2.____twoyearsago3.___lastmonth4.______19995._______yesterday6._______4o’clock74hours8._____anhourago9.___wewerechildren10._____lunchtime11.____shelefthere12.HehaslivedinNanjing___theyearbeforelast.13.I’veknownhim______wewerechildren.14.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese______threeyears.15.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity______abouttenyears.16.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.三、結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞變換為以下連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或許表示能夠連續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語(yǔ)?！鷅einsp/atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.HeBeijingfor.7/162)ImovedtotheUSAin2008.ItheUSAsince.3)Iwenthomeyesterday.Ihomefor.4)Theycameherelastweek.They___________heresince_____________.Hecameouttwoyearsago.He______________for____________.WereturntoBeijingyesterday.We_______________toBeijingsince__________.Ibecameateacherin2000.I________________ateacherfor_________________.Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.Theriver______________dirtyfor_______________.④close→beclosedopen→beopenTheshopclosedtwohoursago.Theshop_____________________for_________________.Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.Thedoor________________________forsixhours.⑤getup→be；updie→bedead；leavesp.→beawayfromsp.fallasleep/gettotsleep；→befinishasleep/nd→be；overmarry→bemarried；Igotuptwohoursago.I_____________________since_______________.HeleftShanghaijustnow.He__________________________Shanghaiforfiveminutes.Mygrandpadiedin2002.Mygrandpa__________________for_______________.8/16Themeetingfinishedatsix.Themeeting____________________forsixhours.Igottosleeptwohoursago.I________________since__________________.Theymarriedin1990.They___________________________since_________.⑥start/begintodosth.→；begindosth.→beon1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.I________atthisschoolsince____.2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.Thefilm____________for________.⑦borrow→keep；lose→nothave；buy→have；puton→wearcatch/getacold→have；agetcoldtoknow→know1)Theyborroweditlastweek.They__________itsince_____________.2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.I____________apenfor_____________.3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.I___________himsince___________.Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.I_________myglassesfor______________.⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeeninHehasgonetoBeijing.He_____________Beijingfortwodays.jointheleague/theParty/thearmybealeaguemember/aPartymember/asoldierbeamemberoftheleague/theParty→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy9/161)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.He_________________a_________________fortwoyears.He___________a_________the________fortwoyears.He_______________________theleaguefortwoyears.2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.Mybrother_________a________for______________________.Mybrother___________in___________fortwoyears.四、劃線發(fā)問(wèn)1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays._____________________________you____________________?2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.____________________________yourfather___________________?3)Helefthereyesterday._________________he___________________?4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago._____________________they__________abook五、用have(has)been或have(has)gone填空。Where____________LiFei___________?He____________toHainanIsland.Howlong___________he___________there?He_____________thereforthreedays.10/16CouldyoutellmethewaytoHainanIsland?Sorry,I_________never___________there.Howmanytimes___________LiFei__________tothatplace?He_____________thereonlyonce.六、用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto及go的各樣形式填空。WhereisJack?He__________hiscountry.David________theparkjustnow.John_______Englandsincehecameback.Howlong_____they_____thisvillage?TheSmiths______Beijingforyears._____youever____America?--Yes,I_____theremanytimes.I_____thisschoolsincethreeyearsago.WhereisJim?He_____thefarm.When_____he_____?He_______anhourago.10)Wouldyouliketo_____tothezoowithme?---Yes,butI_____therebefore.Where_____you_____now?---I____tothezoo.Heoften_____swimming._____you______therelastyear?_____theyoften______skatinginwinter?七用never,ever,already,just,yet,for,since填空1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.11/16Jackhas_________finishedhishomework.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm?”“No,Ihave________seenit.5.“Hasthebusleft_______?”“Yes,ithas_________left.”八.用適合的時(shí)態(tài)填空：1.She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.2.Bothofthem________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).Mary________(lose)herpen.________you_______(see)ithereandthere?_________you_____(find)yourwatchyet?---Areyouthirsty?---NoI_________just_________(have)someorange.We----already_________(return)thebook.________they_______(build)anewschoolinthevillage?I_____________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.I_________(buy)abookjustnow.I_________(lost)mywatchyesterday.Myfather___________(read)thisbooksinceyesterday.參照答案：1.since2.for3.for4.since5.since6.for7.for8.sinceKeys:1.Howlonghave,beenthere2.Howlonghas,livedhere3.Whendid,leavehere4.Whendid,buy12/16Keys:1.never2.just,already3.for4.ever,never5.yet,just/already此刻達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)題答案一．翻譯以下句子：1.Haveyoueverhad/eatenfishandchips?2.Ihavejustlostmychemistrybook.3.Ihaveneverbeentothefarmbefore.4.Hehasalreadyhadlunch=Hehashadlunchalready.5.Haveyouseenthemovieyet?7.Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears/sincethreeyearsago.8.HasbeenawayfromChinaforthreeyears.9.Ihaveknownthemforfiveyears.TheyhavebeenintheUSAforfiveyears.HehasbeenheresincehemovedtoJining.Mysisterhasbeenacollegestudentforthreeyears=Mysisterhasbeenincollegeforthreeyears.Theyhaveknowneachothersince1999.Ihavebeeninthisschoolforoverthreeyears.二、用since或許for填空1.for2.since3.since4.since5.since6.since7.for8since9.since10.since11.since12.since13.since14.for15.for13/1616.since三、結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞變換為以下連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或許表示能夠連續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語(yǔ)①1.hasbeenin,fiveminutes2.havebeenin,20083.havebeenat,twodays4.havebeen,lastweek1.havebeenout,twoyears2.havebeenback,yesterday1.havebeen,nineyears2.hasbeen,twoyears1.hasbeenclosed,twohours2.hasbeenopen1.havebeenup,twohoursago2.hasbeenawayfrom3.hasbeendead,sevenyearshasbeenoverhavebeenasleep,twohoursagohavebeenmarried,19901.havetaught,19952.hasbeenon,twominutes1.havekept,lastweek14/16havehad,twohourshaveknown,lastyearshaveworn,threeyearshasbeeninhasbeen,Leaguememberhasbeen,memberof,Leaguehasbeenin2.hasbeen,soldier,twoyearshasbeen,thearmy四、劃線發(fā)問(wèn)1.Howlonghave,been