Ithaka S+R：2022年北美藝術(shù)館機構(gòu)員工調(diào)查報告

HeadlineArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey2HeadlineArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey2022MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey20221HeadlineHeadlineArtMuseumStaffy2022DeirdreHarkinsMellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey20222MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey20223ForewordA dtheirlocalcommunitiesprovidingexperiencesforlecttheiestodiversifytheirstaffsmorethanofcertainntrysartmuseumsMellonFoundationMellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey20224ExecutiveSummaryWithsupportfromtheMellonFoundationandingthattime,participatingmuseumsreportedrecordsswhosedemographicsarefromartmuseumdirectorsabouttheireffortstoingintoanemergencyposturethatwoulddeprioritizeconsiderationsliketherepresentationaldiversityowsthattheoppositeistrueoryofdemographicheimpactofthepandemiconrelationshipbetweentheperspectivesuseumdirectorsandthecompositionoftheirstaff.findingsinclude?Thefieldgrowsmorediverse:Withrespecttotheraceandethnicityofmuseumstaff,datashowacontinued,moderateincreaseinpeopleofcolor(POC)acrossallmuseumroles.3Museumleadershipandconservationpositions,whilegrowingmorediverse,havenotexceededone-fifthPOCrepresentationoverall.Over40percentofyoungerstaffandnewerhiresarePOC.Intheaggregate,thedemographicchangesinmuseumstaffareprimarilyduetoincreasesinstafffromthreebackgrounds:nicAsianandthosewhoareTwoorMoreRacesWhiletherehasnotbeenasignificantincreaseinBlackstaffintheaggregate,between2015and2022,thenumberofBlackstaffinmuseumleadershiphasmorethandoubled,whiletriplingininformationtechnologyandquadruplingincuratorialpositions.?Genderratiosremainconsistent:Genderratioshaveheldconsistentsince2015butvarywidelyaccordingtoroleswithinthemuseum.Acrossintellectualleadershippositionsinthemuseum,femaleemployeesconstitutealargemajority,over75percent.Therepresentationoffemaleemployeesinmuseumleadershiphasincreasedsubstantially,from58percentin2015to66percentin2022.4?Staffingbouncesbackfromthepandemic:The1Museumswereinstructedtosubmitdataforalloftheircurrentlyemployedfull-andpart-timepermanentandtemporarystaff.2Weheardspeculationofthisnaturefromadvisorsandintrademedia.Formoreliteratureonthistopic,seeNancyKenney,“ExclusiveSurvey:WhatProgressHaveUSMuseumsMadeonDiversity,afterAYearofRacialReckoning?”ArtNewspaper,25May2021,/2021/05/25/exclusive-survey-what-progress-have-us-museums-made-on-diversity-after-a-year-of-racial-reckoning.3WeareusingthetermPOCwhenpresentingbinaryanalysisbetweenWhitestaffandstaffwhoreportedaraceotherthanWhite.Forafulllistoftermsanddefinitionsusedinthisreport,pleaserefertoAppendixC.4Fordefinitionsofgenderusedinthisreport,pleaserefertoAppendixC.MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey20225?Retentionrateswillbeanimportantfactorinmaintainingcurrentlevelsofdiversityinthefield:hiringpracticesonsiderationformuseumleadersMoremuseumdirectorsprioritizeDEAI:MorethanedtoProvidingmongitylarlyainsMellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey20226IntroductionI supportfromtheMellonFoundationstotthestateofrepresentationinedwiththeirhumanresourcesstafftoaphicandemploymentdataingspossibleftheintellectualdofderlyingpatternsofhomogeneityremainedthenAmericanssociationofArtMuseumatorsAAMCandtheCenterforCuratoriallationofparticipatingartmuseumstoreachabroaderpoolandTheadditionsstudyincludesachangesinresultsdescribedinthisreportarenotdrivenbychangesinthesetofsampledinstitutions.7seatedvecategoriesthatreflectthedifferingrolesofstaffininglicEngagementTheroles”inthisreportrefertothesefivesubgroupings.researchinthisreporttoplacetheattitudesectorsinthecontextofthestaff5Inthisreport,wefollowtheconventionofcapitalizingallracecategoriesaspropernouns.Formoreonthistopic,seeKristenMackandJohnPalfrey,“CapitalizingBlackandWhite:GrammaticalJusticeandEquity,”MacArthurFoundation,26August2020,/press/perspectives/capitalizing-black-and-white-grammatical-justice-and-equity.6Mari?tWestermann,LiamSweeney,andRogerC.Schonfeld,“ArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey2018,”IthakaS+R,28January2019,/10.18665/sr.310935.7In2018werestrictedsomeofouranalysistoAAMDmembermuseumsthatparticipatedinbothcyclesofthesurvey.Inthisreportweincludeallparticipants.Thischoicewasmadefortworeasons:1)whencomparingthedemographiccompositionofrepeatparticipantsandnewparticipants,wefoundthatincludingallparticipantsdidnotmeaningfullychangetrends;and2)therearesignificantlimitationstorestrictinganalysistorepeatparticipants.Eachcycleofthesurvey,theeligiblepopulationforanalysiswouldgrowsmaller,andnewmuseumswouldhaveverylittleincentivetoparticipate.However,thereisoneexceptiontothisrule—whenanalyzingretentionrateswithinpositions,wecompareonlyrespondentswhoparticipatedin2018and2022.Thisallowsustoaccuratelydeterminehowmanystaffwhowereworkinginthesectorpriorto2018arenolongeremployed.PleaseseethemethodologysectioninAppendixAformoredetailonhowsurveypopulationscompare.8Eachrolecomprisesthefollowingpositions:?Administration:membership/development,museumleadership,DEAI,finance,HR,IT,support/administration?BuildingOperations:preparation,gardens/grounds,facilities,security,retailandstore,exhibitionsdesign?Collections:conservation,curatorial,registrar,librarian?Communications:publication/editorial,rights/reproduction,marketing/publicrelations,digitalstrategy?PublicEngagement:education,publicengagement,visitorservices9LiamSweeneyandJoannaDressel,“ArtMuseumDirectorSurvey2022:DocumentingChangeinMuseumStrategyandOperations,”IthakaS+R,27October2022,/publications/art-museum-director-survey-2022.MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey20227Introductiondevelopmentoftheprojectandreport:ChristineAnagnosLauraLottAndrewPlumleyformerSeniorDirector,Equity&Culture,AAMCourtneyMartinDirector,YaleCenterforBritishArtAndreaBarnwellBrownleeDirector,CummerMuseumofArt&GardensGiaHamiltonDirector,NewOrleansAfricanAmericanMuseumJuliánZugazagoitiaDirector,Nelson-AtkinsMuseumofArtPatsyPhillipsDirector,IAIAMuseumofContemporaryNativeArtsMinJungKimDirector,SaintLouisArtMuseumidedJuliaLiDirectorofInclusionandBelonging,AsianArtMuseumscoLiaMaksoudHumanResourcesDirector,AsianArtMuseumofparChiefOperationsOfficer,CummerMuseumofArt&GardensKellySummersHumanResourcesExecutive,Nelson-AtkinsMuseumofArtNancyMartinHumanResourcesDirector,SaintLouisArtMuseumAdditionally,wearegratefulforthecontributionsfromtheMellonFoundation,particularlyPresidentElizabethAlexanderandstaffmembersAnthonyBalas,TonyaBell,LucyBrumbergerCaitlinCallaghanGonzaloCasalsAbigailChoudhury,RachelClift,DeborahCullen-Morales,caFeldmanEmilrgaretSloweyandPierreTardif.WealsothankAAMDstaff,DirectorsAlisonWadeandStephanieYaoandidentandCEOLauraLottRyanBourkeKyleJohnson,andMeganLantzfortheirfeedbackandoutreachduringtheadministrationperiodofthesurvey.WethankVedetR.Coleman-Robinson,executivedirectoroftheAssociationofAfricanAmericanMuseums;JudithPineiro,executivedirectoroftheAssociationofArtMuseumCuratorsandtheAAMCFoundation;andElizabethW.Easton,directorandco-founderoftheCenterforCuratorialLeadership,fortheircollaboration.TheauthorsofthisreportwouldalsoliketothankKaraBledsoeforhercontributionstocommunicationsandprojectmanagementforthefirststagesofthisstudy,NicoleBetancourtforhersupportinadministeringthesurvey,andcolleaguesRogerSchonfeld,OyaRieger,MarkMcBride,andKimberlyLutzfortheircontributionstothefinalreport.MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey20228FindingsT hedata-gatheringinstrument,administeredtodardpositionsnwiththestudysccompositionofthefieldovertimeatasetidentitybothacrossdifferentpartsoftheorganizationerthroughoutthereport.Thefinalsectionofthisreportconsidersrelevantfindingsfromthe2022ArtMuseum10SweeneyandDressel,“ArtMuseumDirectorSurvey2022:DocumentingChangeinMuseumStrategyandOperations,”IthakaS+R,27October2022,/publications/art-museum-director-survey-2022.MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey20229FindingsGenderCompositionofArtMuseumStaffedbetween2018and2022,from20staffmembersreflectfewerthan11Fordefinitionsofgenderusedinthisreport,pleaserefertoAppendixC.12AccordingtoastudyconductedbythePewResearchCenter,1percentofUSadultsarenon-binary.AnnaBrown,“About5%ofYoungAdultsintheU.S.SayTheirGenderIsDifferentfromTheirSexAssignedatBirth,”PewResearchCenter,7June2022,https://www.pewre/fact-tank/2022/06/07/about-5-of-young-adults-in-the-u-s-say-their-gender-is-different-from-their-sex-assigned-at-birth/.MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202210Findingserisintersectedwithrace/ethnicity:WhitestaffandAsianstaffareover60percentfemaleintheaggregate,whilemoreevenlysplitbetweenFigure3:GenderCompositionofStaffbyRace/Ethnicity,20221413Respondentstothesurveycouldidentifyindividualsaccordingtooneofsevenracecategories(White,BlackorAfricanAmerican,Asian,AmericanIndianorAlaskanNative,NativeHawaiianorPacificIslander,MiddleEastern,TwoorMoreRaces)andoneoftwoethnicitycategories(HispanicorNotHispanic).Inordertoincludeallindividualsinanalysis,wecreatedaraceandethnicityvariablefromthefollowingcombinations:?AmericanIndianorAlaskanNative:AmericanIndianorAlaskanNative,HispanicorNotHispanic?Asian:Asian,HispanicorNotHispanic?Black:BlackorAfricanAmerican,HispanicorNotHispanic?Hispanic:White,Hispanic?MiddleEastern:MiddleEastern,HispanicorNotHispanic?NativeHawaiianorPacificIslander:NativeHawaiianorPacificIslander,HispanicorNotHispanic?TwoorMoreRaces:TwoorMoreRaces,HispanicorNotHispanic?White:White,NotHispanicForbothraceandethnicity,respondentscouldenter“declinetostate”foranyindividual.Individualsforwhom“declinetostate”wasselectedfortheirraceorethnicityareexcludedfromthisvariableandallgraphsthatanalyzerace/ethnicity.14Thefollowingreflectthetotalnumbersof2022staffwhohavebeenrecordedineachracial/ethniccategory:White:17,172;Hispanic:3,357;Black:3,110;Asian:1,933;TwoorMoreRaces:1,126;AmericanIndianorAlaskanNative:126;NativeHawaiianorPacificIslander:68;MiddleEastern:35;DeclinetoState:3,225.Individualsforwhom“declinetostate”wasselectedfortheirraceorethnicityareexcludedfromgraphsthatanalyzerace/ethnicity.MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202211Findingsdeputydirectorschiefexecutives,chieffinanceofficers,andchieftechnologyofficers)weregroupedalongwithcurators,conservators,andeducatorstogetheras“intellectualleadership.”15Thegenderratioofthisremainedconsistentoverthreecyclesofthisstudyatroughlythree-quartersfemaleemployees,one-quartermaleemployees(Figure4).15Thedecisiontogroupthesepositionstogetherwasmadein2015inordertostudytheidentitiesofpositionsinthemuseumthatweremostlikelytoreachthepositionofmuseumdirector.Forreference,seeour2015report:RogerSchonfeld,Mari?tWestermann,andLiamSweeney,“ArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey,”TheAndrewW.MellonFoundation,28July2015,/media/filer_public/ba/99/ba99e53a-48d5-4038-80e1-66f9ba1c020e/awmf_museum_diversity_report_aamd_7-28-15.pdf.MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202212Findingspositionshavenotvariedbygendercomposition,66percentin2022(Figure5).MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202213Findingseasedess16Thisstudyisnotabletoprovideinsightsintopaygapsorgenderinequityatthedirectororboardlevelsinthemuseum.Forliteratureonthesetopics,seeElisabethCallihanandKaywinFeldman,“PresenceandPower:BeyondFeminisminMuseums,”JournalofMuseumEducation43,no.3(3July,2018):179–92,/10.1080/10598650.2018.1486138;AnneMarieGan,SmuMa,ZannieGiraudVoss,LisaPhillips,ChristineAnagnos,andAlisonD.Wade,“TheGenderGapinArtMuseumDirectorships,”AssociationofArtMuseumDirectors(2014).17Aquintileisastatisticalvalueofadatasetthatrepresents20percentofagivenpopulation,whereeachquintilerepresentsone-fifthofthedata.Thefirstquintilerepresentsthelowest(1percentto20percent),thesecondrepresents21percentto40percent,thethirdquintileis41percentto60percent,thefourthquintileis61percentto80percent,andthefifthquintileis81percentto100percent.Forourstudy,quintile1referstothesmallestmuseumsbystaffsize,andquintile5referstothelargestmuseumsbystaffsize.Formoreinformationonquintiles,see“QuintilesDefinition,”Investopedia,accessed12October2022,/terms/q/quintile.asp.MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202214FindingsGenderandYearofBirthfbirthoftheirstaffffthosebornsincegesttaffbornsincearefemaleherfemalerepresentationandhighernon-binaryrepresentation.rMellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202215FindingsRacialandEthnicCompositionofArtMuseumStaffofeMellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202216FindingsThedemographicchangesinmuseumstaffsince2015Thefollowingsectionwilltakeacloserlookattheareprimarilyduetoincreasesinstafffromthreeracialandethniccompositionofeducation,curatorial,backgrounds:Hispanic,Asian,andTwoorMoreRacesconservation,andmuseumleadershippositions.(Figure9).TheoverallrepresentationofBlack,AmericanIndianorAlaskanNative,andNativeHawaiianorPacificIslanderstaffhasnotappreciablychangedsince2015.1818ThisisthefirstsurveycycleinwhichMiddleEasternwasincludedasacategoryforrace/ethnicity.MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202217FindingsIntellectualLeadershipandRace/EthnicityThelackofdiversitywithinintellectualleadershipgsfromthefirstositionsamongrespondentseMellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202218Findingstowarddiversificationhadbeenmadeineducationandcuratorialpositions,butmuseumleadershipandonshowedverylittlechangeThisraisedconcernsthatthesepositions,whichhadverylowkelytoseedemographicchangeregardlessofdiversificationefforts.However,inthisostofthishiringdbackfromthepandemicFortytwopercentofcurrentstaffwhowerehiredduringthattimeperiodfordrior19TherearenomeaningfuldifferencesinPOCstaffrepresentationinintellectualleadershippositionsacrossmuseumstaffsize.MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202219FindingsRace/EthnicityandMuseumRolesroles,wenowlookathowdifferentrace/ethnicityetcycleandpresentedasentingPOCandWhitestaffeorganizedfirstbydegreeofnllmuseumrolesMellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202220FindingsrccompositionofeachrisonmeratherthanepresentationinotherslectionsRoleTheCollectionsroleremainsoneofthemostercentofthetotalstaffrepresentedntagepointssincehoweverslowlyincreasing.InadditiontothediversificationofconservationpositionsmentionedintheIntellectualLeadershipsection,muchofthisgrowthhascomefromtheincreaseddiversificationofcuratorialpositions.ubledininceandBlackcuratorshaveincreasedintotalnumbersfourfoldsince2015.20StaffmembersidentifiedasAmericanIndianorAlaskanNative,MiddleEastern,orNativeHawaiianorPacificIslanderarenotshownintherace/ethnicitycompositiongraphs.Stafffromthesegroupscombinedconsistentlymakeup1percentorlessofeachmuseumrole.Inthefollowingsectionofthisreport,analysisoftrendsforthesethreegroupsispresentedseparately.MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202221FindingsniccompositionoftheCommunicationsnictheCommunicationsrolehaveroughlydoubled,oftheseoleeandionofCommunicationsRoleFigureRaceEthnicityCompositionofAdministrationRole–2022MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202222Findingsthedata-gatheringinstrumentbetweenthosetwositorservicesecycleofmcBuildingOperationshasthehighestpercentageofPOCstaffinthemuseum.RepresentationofHispanicemployeesinBuildingOperationshasincreasedmoresothaninanyotherroleovertime,growingfrom11percentin2015to17percentin2022.ThepercentageofBuildingOperationsstaffthatareBlackhasstayedconsistentoverthethreesurveycycles,whilerepresentationofAsianemployeesandemployeesofTwoorMoreRaceshasmoderatelyincreased.Ascomparedwithmuseumstaffoverall,BlackandHispanicemployeesareoverrepresentedinBuildingOperations,whileWhitestaffareunderrepresented.affinthedatasetwhoreportedbothracesincificitythaneverbeforetionofBuildingOperationsMellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202223Findingsoupsthathadverylowrepresentationinthedata,AmericanIndianicrandMiddleEasternThefirsttwocategoriesrecordstheIndigenouspopulationoftheUnitedStates.rthatreasonitwasnotincludedinpreviousiterationsofheCensusinstrument,whichcategorizespeoplefromtheMiddlearticipatingmuseumsinundredandninetynineparticipatingmuseumsreportedzeroMiddlenfromthisgroupemployedonlyoneMiddleEasternstaffmember.22nantripledfrompercenttoesicunderrepresentationinBuildingOperations.omwithininstitutionsthatcollectIndigenousart?ManyIndigenousesbutershipconservationandcuratorialpositionsinhibitsmeaningfulstructurale21“CountingAmericansofMiddleEastern,NorthAfricanDescent,”PewResearchCenter,accessed28September2022,/1IGuzUE.22OurinstrumentwasdesignedbasedontheCensusbecausethemajorityofmuseumsuseCensuscategoriesinordertoreportdatatotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission.Therefore,itmaybethatmuseumsareunderreportingMiddleEasternstaffbecauseitisnotaCensuscategory.23ZacharySmall,“HowNewlyRecruitedNativeCuratorsAreChangingtheNarrativeofAmericanArtatMuseumsAcrosstheCountry,”ArtnetNews,12January2022,/art-world/art-museums-native-american-art-2058622.MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202224FindingsMellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202225FindingsYearofHireandRtternsthelargefromnistrationBothMellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202226FindingsForthisgroupofrespondents,weincludedonlytheemployeesthatwerehiredin2018orearlier.Inotherwords,weshapedthedatasettorevealthenumberofstaffinthesecondcycleofthesurveywhoremainedatthemuseuminthethirdcycle.Doingsoenabledustocomparethetotalnumberofemployeesineachroleacrossthetwosurveycyclesandobserveemployeeretention.Whilenoroleorpositionwouldbeexpectedtoretain100percentofthestafffrom2018to2022,thepercentageofstafflostbetweenthetwosurveycyclesvariedbymuseumrole.The“people-facing”rolesofPublicEngagementandBuildingOperationsexperiencedsomeofthelargestlossesofemployeesbetween2018and2022;thesearealsothetworoleswhereBlackandHispanicstaffaremosthighlyrepresented.Therelationshipbetweenretentionanddemographiccompositionisamplifiedwhenwelookatthethreepositionsthatretainedthelowestpercentageoftheir2018workforces.In2022,theeducationposition,groupedinthePublicEngagementrole,lost61percentoftheworkerswhowereemployedin2018.Thevisitorservicesposition,alsoinPublicEngagement,lost60percentofits2018workforce.Retailandstore,whichisgroupedintheBuildingOperationsrole,lost57percentofits2018workforcein2022.Museumleaderswhovalueequitableanddiverseworkforcesshouldseekstrategiestoretainstaffacrossallmuseumrolesinadditiontoincreasingdiversityinnewhires.MellonFoundationArtMuseumStaffDemographicSurvey202227FindingsMuseumDirectors’AttitudesTowardDiversity,Equity,Accessibility,andInclusionsreportoffindingsfromthe2022ArtMuseumDirectorspectivesbeforetheirworkandcomparedirectors’currentattitudes