高中英語人教版Unit4Sharing 省一等獎

安丘一中高二英語下學期階段檢測（時間：120分鐘總分：150分Ⅰ卷交答題卡，Ⅱ卷交答題紙）第一卷（共105分）第一部分聽力第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1．5分，滿分7．5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1．Whatdoesthewomanmean？A．Themanisahard-workingstudent．B．Themanisusuallythelasttohandinhistestpaper.C．Themanhasbadstudyhabits．2．Wheredoestheconversationprobablyhappen?A．Inthedinningroom.B.Intheyard.C.Inthelivingroom.3．Whatdoesthewomanthinkabouttheman？A．Hewillbelateforthemeeting．B．Hewillnotbelateifheleavesatonce．C．Hewillnotgoforthemeeting．4．WhatisFrank’stelephonenumber？A．83300278．B．86302780．C．86302708．5．HowwillthewomangettoLondon？A.Bycar.B.Bytrain.C.Byplane.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間，每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6．Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout？A．Aboutafriend’saddress．B．Aboutthesoftware．C．AbouthowtodownloadsoftwarefromtheInternet．7．Whichofthefollowingismentionedinthedialogue？A．EPT．B．FPT．C．FTP.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8．Whatisthepriceoftheshoes？A.354yuan.B.435yuan.C.345yuan.9．Whatdoesthemanfeelabouttheshoesatlast？A．Theshoesaretoosmall.B．Hedoesnotlikethecolor.C．Theshoesaretoodear.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Whatdoesthemanwanttodo？A．Havehishaircut.B．Gotothecinema.C．Gotowork．11．Whatdoesthewomancomplainabouttheman？A．He’salittlewasteful．B.Heisforgetful.C.Heislazy.12．Whohasmadethemistake？A.Themanspeaker.B.Notsure.C．Edison.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WheredidthewomancelebratethelastNewYear？A．InBridport，asmalltowninEastEngland．B．InapubinLondon．C．InBridport，asmalltowninWestEngland．14．Howdidthemanlikehislastyear’scelebration？A．Heenjoyeditverymuch，B．Hethoughtitwastoocrowdedtogetadrinkinthepub．C．Heenjoyedthedrinkbroughtbyhimself.15．WhatdidpeopledowhentheclockstrucktwelveinBridportlastyear?A．Theydrank，dancedandsang．B．Theysetofffireworks．C．Theyworefancydresscostumesanddrank．16．Whatisthewoman’sfavoritepartofeveryNewYear？A．Thekissingthatpeoplegiveher．B．Thefireworksandthehighofthepeople．C．Thedrinks，musicandfireworks．聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whatisthespeaker?A．Aradioannouncer.B．Adoctor.C．Anactor.18．WhatwillbeshownonTVonOct10th？A．Aprogramabouttheplane．B．Aprogramaboutthegrains．C．Aprogramaboutthebrain．19．Whatwillbethemainpurposeoftheprogram？A．Toexplaintheworkingofthebrain．B．Toshowthelatestuseofcomputerpictures.C．Toincreasepeople’sknowledgeoffarming．20．Whyistheprogrameasytofollow？A.Becauseit’sforchildren．B.Becauseit’sforscientists．C.Becauseit’sapublicshow．第二部分單項選擇（每小題1分，共15小題，滿分15分）21．—WhathasTombeendoingrecently? —Idon’tknow._________care. A．norIdo B．nordoI C．neitheramI D．neitherIam22．Thegirlseemstohavea_________fordrawing.A.skillB.talentC.expertD.wealth23.CanyouimaginethedifficultyIhad________theseproblem?A.settledB.tosettleC.settingD.settle24．_________theoldman’sdaughterswantedtoknowwas__________thegoldhadbeenhidden.A.That;whatB.What;thatC.What;whereD.What;if25. Oneofthebestwaysforpeopletokeepfitisto_________healthyeatinghabits.A.developB.growC.increaseD.raise26．,soshehadtobesenttothehospital. A．Beingill B．Shewasseriouslyill C．Shebeingill D．Havingbeenill27.Thefiredestroyedalltheimportantbooksinthelibrary,sothelibrariandeserved____.A.punishB.bepunishedC.punishingD.beingpunished28.Teachingisoftenconsidered_________anhonorablecareersoJohnconsidered__________ateacherallthetime.A.tobe;tobeB.tobe;beingC.being;beingD.being;tobe29．Afterheretiredfromtheschool,Mr.Whitetookupgolfandbecomeverykeen_________it.A.ofB.inC.onD.to30．Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonlythatalltheticketshadbeensoldout. A．totell B．tobetold C．telling D．told31．—-Howabouteighto’clockoutsidethecinema?—That_______mefine.A.fitsB.suitsC.meetsD.satisfies.32．WhenIgotoffthebus,Ifoundmypocketandthemoneygone. A．picked B．stolen C．missing D．lost33．Mum,Iwanttogotothecountrysideduringthesummervacation,OK?__________.Youareagrown-up.A.Let’sgetgoingB.I’mwithyouonthatC.It’stheusualstuffD.It’suptoyou34.—ShouldIlookupeachwordthatIdon’tunderstand?—No,turntoitonly_______.A.ifnecessaryB.whennecessaryC.ifyouneedD.whenyouarenecessary35.Youcan’t____thehouseuntilallthepapershavebeensigned.A.inpossessionofB.makepossessionofC.takethepossessionofD.takepossessionof第三部分完形填空(共20小題，每小題1分，滿分20分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36-55各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。Fifteenyearsspentinthefieldofeducationhasprovidedmewithmanytreasuredmoments.Oneofthemostunforgettable36whenIwasteachingsecond3710yearsago. InMayIdecidedtoplansomethingspecialforthechildren;aMother’sDaytea.Wehadputourheadstogetherto38ideasofhowto39ourmothers.Wepracticedsingingsongs,memorizedpoemsandwrotecards.WedecidedtoholdourteatheFridaybeforeMother’sDay.Iwassurprisedand40tolearnthateverymotherwasplanningtoattend.I41invitedmyownmother.Finally,thebigdayarrived.Eachchild42upatourclassroomdoor,expectingthearrivalofhisorhermom.43itgotclosertostartingtime,IlookedaroundandmyeyesquicklyfoundJimmy.Hismotherhadn’tshownupandhewaslooking44.ItookmymotherbythehandandwalkedovertoJimmy.“Jimmy,”Isaid,“IhaveabitofproblemhereandIwas45ifyoucouldkeepmymother46whileI’mbusy.”MymomandJimmysatatatable.Jimmy47mymomhertreats,presentedherwiththegiftIhadmade,justaswehad48thedaybefore.WheneverIlookedover,mymotherandJimmywereindeep49.Now10yearslater,Iworkwithstudentsofallages,educatingthemabouttheenvironment.Lastyear,Itookaseniorclassonafieldtrip,andtherewasJimmy,Ihadthestudentscompleteanoutlineoftheday’s50andanevaluationofourtrip.ThenIcollectedthestudents’bookletsandcheckedthemtoseeif51wascompleted.WhenIcame52Jimmy’spage,hehadwritten“RememberourMother’sDayteawehadinsecondgrade,Mrs,Marra?Ido!Thanksforallyoudidforme,andthankyourmother,too.”ItoldhimIreallyenjoyedwhathehadwritten.Helookedratherembarrassedand53hisownthanksandwalkedaway.Suddenlyheranbackandgavemeabighug.“Thanksagain.Nooneevenknewmymotherdidn’t54it.”Iendedmyworkdaywithahugfromateenageboywhohad55stoppedhuggingteachersyearsago.36．A．lasted B．happened C．experienced D．described37．A．school B．class C．grade D．lesson38．A．payattentionto B．lookforwardto C．getonwith D．comeupwith39．A．love B．please C．respect D．admire40．A．astonished B．worried C．relieved D．interested41．A．even B．ever C．still D．once42．A．followed B．held C．kept D．lined43．A．As B．Although C．Then D．Because44．A．wild B．curious C．strange D．upset45．A．considering B．wondering C．asking D．doubting46．A．connection B．care C．company D．concern47．A．served B．supplied C．assigned D．applied48．A．taught B．studied C．practiced D．told49．A．mind B．thought C．agreement D．conversation50．A．feeling B．behavior C．event D．action51．A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing52．A．by B．to C．on D．over53．A．announced B．delivered C．stated D．whispered54．A．make B．get C．do D．take55．A．probably B．exactly C．rarely D．eagerly第四部分閱讀理解（每小題2分，共20小題，滿分40分）AInthisvoyageIvisitedmynewcolonyontheisland,sawtheSpaniards(西班牙人),hadthewholestoryoftheirlivesandofthevillains(罪犯)Ileftthere;howatfirsttheytreatedthepoorSpaniardsbadly,·howtheyafterwardsagreed,disagreed,unired,separated,andhowatlasttheSpaniardswereforcedtouseviolencewiththem;howtheygaveintothespaniards,howhonestlytheSpaniardsusedthemahistory,ifitwereenteredinto,asfullofvarietyandwonderfulaccidentsasmyownpartparticularly,also,astotheirbattleswiththeCaribbeans,wholandedseveraltimesupontheIsland,andastotheimprovementtheymadeupontheIslanditself,andhowfiveofthemmadeanattemptuponthemainland,andbroughtawayelevenmenandfivewomenprisoners,bywhich,atmycoming,IfoundabouttwentyyoungchildrenontheIsland.HereIstayedbout20days,leftthemsuppliesofallnecessarythings,andparticularlyofarms,powder,shot,cloths,tools,andtwoworkmen,whichIbroughtfromEnglandwithme,namelyacarpenterandasmith.Besidesthis,IsharedtheIslandintopartswiththem,reservedtomyselfthepropertyofwholebutgavethemsuchpartsresoeetivelyastheyagreedon;andhavingsettledallthingswiththemandencouragedthemnottoleavetheplace,Ileftthemthere.FromthenonIlandedtheBrazils,fromwhereIsentabark,whichIboughtthere,withmorepeopletotheisland;andinit,besidesothersupplies,Isentsevenwomen,beingsuchpersonsasIfoundproperforservice,orforwivestosuchaswouldtakethem.AstotheEnglishmen,IpromisedthemtosendthemsomewomenfromEngland,withagoodcargo(船貨)ofnecessaries,iftheywouldapplythemselvestoplantingwhichIafterwardscouldnotperform.Andthefellowsprovedveryhonestanddiligentaftertheyweremasteredandhadtheirpropertiessetapartforthem.IsentthemalsofromtheBrazilsfivecows,threeofthembeingbigwithcalf,somesheep,andsomepigs,whichwhenIcameagainwereconsiderablyincreased.Butallthesethings,withanaccounthow300Caribbeanscameandinvaded(入侵)them,andruinedtheirplantations,andhowtheyfoughtwiththatwholenumbertwice,andwereatfirstdefeated,andoneofthemkilled;butatlastastormdestroyingmostoftheirenemies’boats,theydestroyedalmostalltherest,andrenewedandrecoveredthepossessionoftheirplantation,andstilllivedupontheIsland.Allthesethings,withsomeverysurprisingincidentsinsomenewadventuresofmyown,fortenyearsmore,Imayperhapsgiveafurtheraccountofthestory.56.FromParagraphl,weknow_______.A.theSpaniardswerealwaysgettingalongwellwiththevillainsB.theSpaniardswerealwaystherulersoftheislandC.theSpaniardsandthevillainsbothruledtheislandpeacefullyD.theSpaniardsandthevillainsoncehadbattleswitlleachother57.InParagraph2,theplacewhereIstayedwasprobably________.A.awildislandB.adeserteddowntownC.aprimitivesupermarketD.anewcity58.Theunderlinedword“respectively”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans______.A.separatelyB.particularlyC.speciallyD.surprisingly59.Thewriterofthestoryoncewentto_______.A.JapanandBrazilB.EnglandandBrazilC.FranceandSpainD.KoreaandCaribbean60.Fromthestory,wecanjudgetheWritermightbe_______.A.aninvaderB.acarpenterC.anadventurerD.aprisonerBApersonhastwohands,twolegsandtwoeyes,butitisonlyatfirstsightthatahumanbeingissymmetric(對稱的).Firstly,wehavealeadinghand,therightoneforthemajorityofpeople.Secondly,wehavealeadingeye.Ithasbeenfoundthattherighteyeistheleadingoneforabouttwothirdsofallpeople,andtheleftoneforonethirdofallpeople.Theexperimentinvolvedonlyright-handedstudents.Someofthemhadarightleadingeye,andtheothershadaleftleadingeye.Allofthesubjectsinthisexperimentwereaskedtoreadapassageonthecomputerscreen,thepassagebeingplacedeitherintherightorintheleftpartofthescreen.Itturnedoutthatthe“l(fā)eft-eyed”subjectsreadthetextquickerwhenitwasplacedontheleft,thanwhenthepassagewasplacedontheright.Asforthe“right-eyed”individuals,nosuchdifferenceswerenoticedwiththem.Moredetailedanalysishassinceprovedthatwhenthe“l(fā)eft-eyed”peoplewerereadingtheleft-sidetext,thebrainperceivedmoresymbolsthanincaseofreadingtheright-handtext.Thisisdirectlyconnectedwiththespeedofreadingasthemoresymbolsaglanceperceives,thequickerapersonreads.Thereisonemoresignofthesuccessfulexecutionofreading:inthecourseofreading,thereader’sglanceperiodically(周期性的)returnsbacktowordsalreadyread.Thus,intheleft-sidedtext,the“l(fā)eft-eyed”subjectsmadefewerreturnsthantheydidintheright-sidedtext,whichmeanttheyweremoresuccessfulinrecognizing“l(fā)eft”textthan“right”text.Inadditiontothis,themajorityofthe“l(fā)eft-eyed”personsperformedfasterquickeyemovementstotheleftthantotheright.Itallowsdesignerstotaketheleadingeyeintoaccountwhenproducingvariouskindsofvideo-products.61.Whatkindofstudentswerechosentobethesubjectsofthisexperiment?A.Left-handedstudents. B.Right-eyedstudents.C.Right-handedstudents. D.Left-eyedstudents.62.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperiment?A.Theleft-eyedpersonshavethesamereadingspeedwiththeright-eyedones.B.Theleft-eyedpersonscan’treadasfastastheright-eyedpersons.C.Thepositionofthetextcan’taffectthereadingspeedoftheleft-eyedpersons.D.Thepositionofthetextcan’taffectthereadingspeedoftheright-eyedpersons.63.Accordingtothepassage,those______canreadfaster.A.whocanrememberinformationatfirstglanceB.whorereadwordsalreadyreadfewertimesC.whoseeyescanmovefastertotheleftthantotherightD.whoserighteyesaretheleadingones64.Theauthorfeelsthatthisfindingis_______.A.interesting B.uselessC.meaningful D.doubtful65.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Therewillbemorespecialvideo-productsfortheleft-eyedpersons.B.Mostoftheright-eyedpersonsmovedtheireyesmorequicklytotherightthantotheleft.C.Peoplewillhelptheleft-eyedpersonshavenormaleyesight.D.Humanbeingsaresymmetriccreaturesactually.CHerearesomecontestsandeventsheldbyTorontoStarCanada’slargestdailynewspaper.BratzKidzContestAug.23,2007Youcouldwinanicecreampartyandaspecialadvancescreening(放映)ofBratzKidzforyouand10friends.OryoumighttakehomeaBartzKidzprizepack.Moreinformation∣OnlineEntry∣ContestRules∣OfficialSite———————————————————————————————————————CNECentsofTasteAug.16,2007TheCanadianNationalExhibitionisbackandsoistheTorontoStar’scentsoftastepromotion(促銷).LookintheTorontoStarforcents-offcoupons(折價劵)thatyoucanspendattheCNETorontoStarFoodBuilding.Moreinformation∣OfficialSite———————————————————————————————————————TorontoStarVacationRestartAug.07,2007Goingonvacation?IfyouaretemporarilystoppingyourTorontoStarsubscription(定購)andprovideuswitharestartdate,youwillautomaticallybeenteredtowinoneof7prizes!SubscriberServices∣ContestRules———————————————————————————————————————WeWillRockYouJul.30,2007THEMUSICALBYQUEENANDBENELTONCanonTheatre,244VictoriaStSPECIAL!MoreInformation∣OfficialSite———————————————————————————————————————ShortStoryContestWinnersJul.22,2007GeorgeO’DonnellWaltonhaswrittenthousandsofads,butnowhe’sthewinnerintheTorontoStar’s30thshortstorycontest.Moreinformation∣———————————————————————————————————————TorontoArgonauts(多倫多淘金人球隊)PosterSeriesJul.05,2007Collecttheseries!StartingonSaturday,July7thinyourTorontoStar.MoreInformation∣66.Whichofthefollowingmayofferachancetogetaprize?A.ShortStoryContestWinners.B.WeWillRockYou.C.BratzKidzContest.D.CNECentsofTaste.67.ThepurposeoftheCNECentsofTasteisto___________.A.helpsellTorotonStarB.offerfoodtoreadersC.providereaderswithcouponsD.maketheexhibitionsuccessful68.IfyouwanttowintheprizeofferedbyTorontoStarVacationRestart,youhaveto________.A.stopbuyingothernewspapersB.haveatripinTorontoC.giveTorontoStarsomeadviceD.subscribeTorontoStar69.WhichofthefollowingisTUREaccordingtothetext?A.GeorgeO’DonnellWaltonisanovelist.B.YoucanlistentoaconcertonAug.07,2007.C.YoumaywinanicecreampartyinTorontoArgonautsPosterSeries.D.TorontoStarorganizedalltheactivitiesmentionedinthetext.70.Thetextismostprobablyfrom_______.A.anewspaperB.awebsiteC.amagazineD.aTVadDAlicewasbeginningtogetverytiredofsittingbyhersisteronthebank,andofhavingnothingtodo;onceortwiceshehadlookedintothebookhersisterwasreading,butithadnopicturesorconversationsinit,“andwhatistheuseofabook,”thoughtAlice,“withoutpicturesorconversation?”Soshewasconsideringinherownmind(aswellasshecould,forthehotdaymadeherfeelverysleepyandstupid)whetherthepleasureofmakingadaisy-chain(雛菊花環(huán))wouldbeworththetroubleofgettingupandpickingthedaisies,whensuddenlyawhiterabbitwithpinkeyesranclosebyher.Therewasnothingsoveryremarkableinthat;butwhentherabbitactuallytookawatchoutofitswaistcoat-pocket,andlookedatit,andthenhurriedon,Alicestartedtoherfeet,foritflashedacrosshermindthatshehadneverbeforeseenarabbitwitheitherawaistcoat-pocket,orawatchtotakeoutofit,andburningwithcuriosity,sheranacrossthefieldafterit,andfortunatelywasjustintimetoseeitpopdownalargerabbit-holeunderthebush.Therabbit-holewentstraightonlikeatunnelforsomeway,andthendippedsuddenlydown,sosuddenlythatAlicehadnotamomenttothinkaboutstoppingherselfbeforeshefoundherselffallingdownaverydeepwell.Eitherthewellwasverydeep,orshefellveryslowly,forshehadplentyoftimeasshewentdowntolookaboutherandtowonderwhatwasgoingtohappennext.First,shetriedtolookdownandmakeoutwhatshewascomingto,butitwastoodarktoseeanything;thenshelookedatthesidesofthewell,andnoticedthattheywerefilledwithcupboardsandbook-shelves;hereandthereshesawmapsandpictureshunguponhooks.Shetookdownajarfromoneoftheshelvesasshepassed;itwaslabeled“ORANGEMARMALADE”,buttohergreatdisappointmentitwasempty;shedidnotliketodropthejarforfearofkillingsomebody,somanagedtoputitintooneofthecupboardsasshefellpastit.Down,down,down.Wouldthefallnevercometoanend?“IwonderhowmanymilesI'vefallenbythistime?”shesaidaloud.“!mustbegettingsomewhereneartile,centreoftheearth.Letmesee:thatwouldbefourthousandmilesdown,Ithink.IwonderifIshallfallrightthroughtheearth!Howfunnyit'llseemtocomeoutamongthepeoplethatwalkwiththeirheadsdownward!TheAntipathies,Ithink--butIshallhavetoaskthemwhatthenameofthecountryis,youknow.Please,Ma'am,isthisNewZealandorAustralia?'Andwhatanignorantlittlegirlshe'llthinkmeforasking!No,it'llneverdotoask:perhapsIshallseeitwrittenupsomewhere.”Down,down,down.Therewasnothingelsetodo,whensuddenly,thump!thump!Downshecameuponaheapofsticksanddryleaves,andthefallwasover.71.WhatkindofbooksdoyouthinkwillinterestAlicemost?A.Booksthathersisterwasreading. B.Bookswithoutpicturesorconversation.C.Booksaboutwhiterabbits. D.Bookswithpicturesandconversation.72.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Alicedidnotliketodropthejarforfearofkillingthewhiterabbit.B.Alicemanagedtoputthejarbackintotheshelf.C.Aliceranafterthewhiterabbitacrossthefieldoutofcuriosity.D.Thepeopleontheoppositesideoftheearthwalkwiththeirheadsdownward.73.Whichistherightorderofthestory?a.Alicejumpedintoalargehole.b.Shetookdownajarfromoneoftheshelves. c.Awhiterabbitranclosebyher. d.Alicesatbyhersister,doingnothing. e.Shefelluponsomesticksanddryleaves.A.d-c-a-beB.d-a-c-b-eC.a-b-e-c-dD.d-c-a--e-b74.Fromthepassage,wecanseeAliceisa(n)___________girl.A.helpfulandfriendly B.curiousandimaginativeC.braveandcurious D.ignorantandpretty75.Theparagraph“InanothermomentdownwentAliceafterit,neveronceconsideringhowintheworldshewastogetoutagain.”canbeputbetween___________.A.Paragraphs1and2 B.Paragraphs2and3 C.Paragraphs3and4 D.Paragraphs4and5第二卷（共45分）第一節(jié)閱讀表達（每小題3分，共5小題，滿分15分）Peoplewhodrinkalittle,exercise,quitsmokingandeatfiveservingsoffruitandvegetableseachdayliveonaverage14yearslongerthanpeoplewhoadoptnoneofthesebehaviors,researcherssaidonTuesday．Acollectionofevidencehasshownthatthesethingscontributetohealthierandlongerlives,butthenewstudyactuallyqualifiedtheirmixedeffect,theBritishteamsaid．“Theseresultsmayprovidefurthersupportfortheideathatevensmalldifferencesinlifestylemaymakeabigdifferencetohealth,”theresearcherswroteinthejournalPLOSMedicine．Between1993and1997theresearchersquestioned20，000healthyBritishmenandwomanabouttheirlifestyles．Theyalsotestedeveryparticipant’sbloodtomeasurevitaminCintake．anindicator（指標）ofhowmuchfruitandvegetablespeopleate．Thentheyassignedtheparticipants-aged45-79ascoreofbetween0and4，givingonepointforeachofthehealthybehaviors．Afterallowingforageandotherfactorsthatcouldaffectthelikelihoodofdying．theresearchersfoundpeoplewithascoreof0fourtimesaslikelytodie．Theresearchers,whotrackeddeathsamongtheparticipantsuntil2023，alsosaidapersonwithahealthscoreof0hadthesameriskofdyingassomeonewithscoreof4whowas14yearsolder．Thelifestylechangewiththebiggestbenefitwas_____________________,whichledtoan80percentimprovementinhealth．thestudyfound．Thiswasfollowedbyeatingfruitsandvegetables．Drinkingalittleandkeepingactivebroughtthesamebenefits,．Kay-TeeKhawattheUniversityofCambridgesaid．Doyouhavethefourhealthylivinghabits?76．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?（within10words）_______________________________________________________________77．Whichsentenceinthepassageistheclosestinmeaningtothefollowingone?Itiswellknownthat