高中英語重慶大學(xué)版Unit1PlantWorld 十種自然界的離奇怪事

十種自然界的離奇怪事Natureisfullofwonderandmystery-and,fortunatelyforus,bizarrefacts!Thisisourfirstbizarrefactslistof2023andwilldefinitelynotbethelastofoneofourmostpopulartopics!Ihopeyouenjoythefacts,andifyouhaveanymoreofyourowntoadd,pleasefeelfreetodosointhecomments!大自然充滿了驚奇與神秘，幸運(yùn)的是，我們可以去探索這些怪異的事實(shí)！這是在2023年我們推出的第一份怪異真相列表，并在今后會(huì)相繼將我們談?wù)撟疃嗟脑掝}編輯推出！我希望你能喜歡，如果您有更多想添加的內(nèi)容，可隨時(shí)在評論中發(fā)表。Mice不可思議的小老鼠WeirdFact:Amousecanfitthroughaholethesizeofaballpointpen怪異的事實(shí):能鉆進(jìn)圓珠筆洞大小的老鼠Duringthesummermonths,micewillgenerallyliveoutsideandremaincontendedthere.Butassoonastheweatherbeginstocool,theyseekthewarmthofourhomes.Becauseoftheirsoftskullsandgnawingability,aholethesizeofaballpointpen(6mm-1/4inch)islargeenoughforthemtoenterenmasse.Onceinside,theywillconstantlygnawatvirtuallyanything-includingconcrete,lead,andplastic.Thisistokeeptheirever-growingteethataconvenientlength.Contrarytopopularbelief,micedon’tgenerallylikecheese-butwilleatitonoccasion.Micecanjumpupto46cm(18inches),swim,andtravelverticallyorupside-down.Tomouseproofyourhouse,checkallsmallopeningswithaballpointpen-ifitfitsthehole,itwillletmicein.在夏季里，老鼠一般會(huì)出來活動(dòng)，四處爭食。但隨著天氣的慢慢降溫，它們就會(huì)到我們溫暖的房子里來尋求棲息之地。由于它們的頭骨很軟與啃咬能力較強(qiáng)，一個(gè)圓珠筆大小的洞（六毫米-1/4英寸長）就足夠它們鉆進(jìn)去。一旦進(jìn)入，他們就會(huì)不斷地咬嚼一切東西，包括混凝土，鉛，塑料等。啃咬東西是為了使它們的牙齒生長能達(dá)到合適的長度。與流行觀念相反，小老鼠一般不喜歡奶酪，但在某些場合它也會(huì)吃一點(diǎn)。小老鼠的跳躍距離可達(dá)46cm（18英寸），它們會(huì)游泳，能直立或倒著行走。要使你的房子里沒有小老鼠，用圓珠筆來檢查下所有的小洞，如果圓珠筆能放進(jìn)去的話，那小老鼠就可能鉆進(jìn)去。Eyes四角眼WeirdFact:Unlikemostcreatures,goatshaverectangularpupils怪異的事實(shí):與許多動(dòng)物不一樣，山羊的瞳孔是矩形的。Weallimaginepupilstoberound-astheyarethetypeweseemostoften(onhumans)-butgoats(andmostotheranimalswithhoofs)havehorizontalslitswhicharenearlyrectangularwhendilated.Thisgivesgoatsvisioncovering320-340degrees;thismeanstheycanseevirtuallyallaroundthemwithouthavingtomove(humanshavevisioncovering160-210degrees).Consequently,animalswithrectangulareyescanseebetteratnightduetohavinglargerpupilsthatcanbeclosedmoretightlyduringthedaytorestrictlight.Interestingly,octopusesalsohaverectangularpupils.我們都認(rèn)為瞳孔是圓形的—它們的形狀與我們所見的人類一樣。但是山羊（和其他大多數(shù)有角的動(dòng)物）有著水平縫隙，當(dāng)它張開時(shí)就能呈現(xiàn)矩形的模樣。這使得山羊視力范圍可達(dá)320至340度，（人類的視力范圍為160至210度）這意味著它們在沒有移動(dòng)的情景下差不多可以看到身邊的任何東西。所以，長著四角眼的動(dòng)物由于其巨大的瞳孔在白天能緊密的閉合在一起阻擋光線使得它們在晚上有很好的分辨力。有趣的是，章魚同樣是四角眼。Horses盲馬WeirdFact:Horsescan’tseedirectlyinfrontofthemselves怪異的事實(shí):不能直觀看到眼前事物的馬Ahorsehasconsiderablywidevision(andthelargesteyesofanylandmammal)-beingabletoseeatotalfieldofupto350degrees.Horseshavetwoblindspots-thefirstisdirectlyinfrontofthemandtheotherisdirectlybehindtheirhead.Asfarasseeingdetails,horsesareredcolorblindandhavevisionof20/33(comparedtoaperfecthumanvisionof20/20)馬的視野覆蓋范圍相當(dāng)廣（它的眼睛也是陸生哺乳動(dòng)物中最大的）能夠看到350度開外的地方。它有兩個(gè)盲點(diǎn)，第一個(gè)直接長在它們的前面，另一個(gè)就長在頭部的正后方。至于要看細(xì)節(jié)的東西，馬是紅色盲，其視力為20/33（而正常人的視力為20/20）。can’tvomitWeirdFact:Ratscan’tvomit怪異的事實(shí):老鼠不能反胃Ratscan’tvomitorburpbecauseofalimitingwallbetweentheirtwostomachsandtheirinabilitytocontrolthediaphragmmusclesneededfortheaction.Neitherrabbitsnorguineapigscanvomiteither.Thismakesratsparticularlysusceptibletopoisoning(henceitspopularityincontrollingratinfestations).Becauseofthisinability,ratswillnibbleatfoodtoseeifitmakesthemfeelsick(theycan’tvomit,buttheycanfeelliketheysureashellwantto!)Iftheydon’tfeelnauseatheywillscoffthelot.老鼠不能反胃或打嗝，因?yàn)樗鼈兪艿搅藘蓚€(gè)胃之間隔離墻的限制和它們不能有效調(diào)節(jié)橫隔膜肌肉來配合行動(dòng)把吃過的東西吐出來。兔子與豚鼠也不能反胃。這使得老鼠特別容易中毒（因此這是控制鼠患的好方法）。由于它們沒有這種功能，老鼠會(huì)啃咬一點(diǎn)食品，看是否會(huì)使它們有不適的癥狀，（雖然它們不能反胃，但它們能感覺到是否食用后會(huì)喪命）如果沒有讓它們覺得惡心，它們就會(huì)啃掉大半食物。GorillaGorilla西部低地大猩猩WeirdFact:Thescientificnameforagorillais“GorillaGorillaGorilla”怪異的事實(shí):大猩猩的科學(xué)名稱是“西部低地大猩猩”。Firstoff,letusjustbeclear:thisisthescientificnameforaparticulartypeofGorilla-theWesternLowlandGorilla(thisisthetypeyouaremostlikelytoseeinazoo-andthemostcommon).Forsomereasonthepoorgorillasgotstuckwiththeweirdnames-ifyouaren’taGorillagorillagorilla,youareaGorillagorilladiehli,Gorillaberingeiberingei,Gorillaberingeigraueri.TheBwindiGorilla(atypeofGorillaberingei)hasnotyetbeengivenatrinomen-forthesakeoffunandtobealittledifferent,IproposeitbenamedGorillaberingeiChuckNorris.Ifyoudidn’tunderstandthisitem,don’tworry-Ididn’teither!首先，我們應(yīng)明確：這是對某一特定類型的大猩猩—西部低地大猩猩（這是一種在動(dòng)物園你見的最多的—也是最常見的猩猩）的科學(xué)稱號。由于某種原因，可憐的大猩猩被起了個(gè)怪異的名字—如果不是西部低地大猩猩，那就是克羅斯河大猩猩，山地大猩猩或東部低地大猩猩。布溫迪大猩猩（山地大猩猩的一種）至今未給予正名，因?yàn)樗鼈儽旧矸浅Ｓ腥づc有點(diǎn)兒與眾不同，我建議給它命名為查克諾里斯山地大猩猩。如果你對大猩猩了解不多，沒有關(guān)系—我也一樣！Swans殺人天鵝WeirdFact:Aswancanbreakaman’sarm怪異的事實(shí):能弄斷人手臂的天鵝Nexttimeyouarefeedingthebeautifulswansandwanttogiveoneanicepatontheback-don’tdoit!Swansareveryprotectiveoftheiryoungandwillusetheirincrediblypowerfulwingstofendoffdogs(andsometimeshumans).Theyhaveawingspanofaroundmeters(9feet).In2023,ayoungmaninIrelandhadhislegbrokenbyaswanwhenhewastryingtoprovokeit.Thefollowingyearanotherpersonhadtheirarmbroken.下次你在給美麗的天鵝喂食時(shí)，如果想拍拍它們的背部開開心—請千萬不要這樣做！天鵝很愛護(hù)它們的幼崽，當(dāng)受到攻擊時(shí)，它們就會(huì)用其強(qiáng)有力的翅膀來把狗擋開（有時(shí)對人類也會(huì)這樣）。它們翅翼展開可達(dá)二點(diǎn)七五米（9英尺）。2023年，愛爾蘭一名年輕男子在挑逗天鵝時(shí)腿被弄成了骨折，次年又有一人的胳膊被弄斷。Spider4.易碎的蜘蛛WeirdFact:Ifyoudropatarantulaitwillshatter怪異的事實(shí):如果你將狼蛛掉在地上，它就會(huì)摔成碎片。Firstofall,unlessyouareallergictotarantulavenom,theyareharmlesstohumans(thoughtheypackapainfulbite).Sometarantulascanalsoshootthe“hairs”offtheirlegswhichcanpiercehumanskinandcausegreatdiscomfort.Now-backtotheweirdfact.Tarantulashaveanexoskeleton(thatmeansitsskeletonisontheoutside)likecrayfishandcrabs.Theyshedtheirexoskeletonregularly-normallybylyingontheirback.(Whentheyaresheddingtheirskeleton,itisagoodideatokeeprightawayfromthemastheywillattackduetotheirvulnerablestate.)Becausetheexoskeletonisveryfragile,ifatarantulaisdroppedfromalowheight,itwillshatteranddie.除非你對狼蛛毒素過敏，要不它們對人體是無害的（盡管它們咬你一口會(huì)讓你疼痛不已）。有些狼蛛還能使其腿上的“毛”脫落，但這些退掉的毛可以穿透人體的皮膚，讓你有非常不舒服的感覺?，F(xiàn)在—回到這個(gè)怪異的事實(shí)上來。狼蛛它有外骨骼（意味著其骨骼是長在外面的）這與小龍蝦和螃蟹有點(diǎn)像。它們會(huì)定期的蛻換外骨—蛻骨時(shí)通常呈朝天躺在地上的姿態(tài)。（在它們在蛻骨時(shí)，最好與之保持距離，由于其本身處于脆弱狀態(tài)所以極易對你發(fā)動(dòng)攻擊。）因?yàn)樗鼈兊耐夤趋婪浅４嗳酰虼巳绻恢Ю侵爰幢銖碾x地面較低的空中掉下，它也會(huì)支離破碎甚至死亡。Spice可怕的香料WeirdFact:Nutmegispoisonous怪異的事實(shí):肉豆蔻有毒Nutmegisahallucinigenicdrugwhichisregularlyusedtoflavorsuchlovelythingsascustardtartsandfruitcakes.Itisalsoapoisonwhichwillkillyouwhileyousufferavarietyofextremelyrevolting(andoneortwonot-so-revolting)side-effectsontheway.Ingesting2gramsofnutmegwillgiveyousimilarfeelingstohavingtakenamphetamines(thenot-so-revoltingside-effect)butwillalsocausenausea,fever,andheadaches.Ingestinggramswillcauseconvulsions,andeating10gramswillcausehallucinations.Eatingawholenutmegcanleadto“nutmegpsychosis”whichincludesfeelingsofimpendingdoom,confusion,andagitation.Therehavebeentworecordedcasesofdeathbynutmeg(onein1908andonein2023).肉豆蔻是一種致幻劑，通常被用來給蛋撻和水果蛋糕這類點(diǎn)心做調(diào)味品。同時(shí)它也是一種毒藥，如果你患有各種嚴(yán)重嘔吐（或許有一兩種嘔吐情況不那么明顯）不適癥想接近它的話可能會(huì)讓你喪命。攝入2克的肉豆蔻會(huì)給你一種吸了安非他明（嘔吐副作用不強(qiáng)的一種）的感覺，并會(huì)引起反胃，發(fā)熱，頭痛癥狀的出現(xiàn)。攝入七點(diǎn)五克的肉豆蔻會(huì)導(dǎo)致痙攣，吃10克就會(huì)引起幻覺。把整個(gè)吃下去可導(dǎo)致“肉豆蔻精神病”，會(huì)給你瀕臨死亡，精神錯(cuò)亂，并心情騷動(dòng)的體會(huì)。以有兩粒因吃肉豆蔻而導(dǎo)致死亡的記錄（一個(gè)在1908年，另一個(gè)在2023年）。Leaves會(huì)搖動(dòng)的葉子WeirdFact:Thetelegraphplantiscapableofrapidmovement-evenintheabsenceofwind怪異的事實(shí):舞草能在沒有風(fēng)的情況下快速搖動(dòng)。TheTelegraphplantisatropicalplantusuallyfoundinAsia-butalsointheSouthPacific.Theplanthastheamazingabilitytoshakeitsleaves(whichrotateontheiraxisandjerkupanddown).Thereareafewotherplantswithrapidmovementabilities(suchasthevenusflytrap)butthisisthemostbizarreandleastknown.Itshouldbenotedthatwhenwereferto“rapid”inrelationtoplants-itisnotsuperfast-butitisdefinitelyvisiblewiththenakedeye.Ihavelinkedtoareal-timeclipoftheplantinactionabove(apologiesforthemusic-thisisnotmyowncliporitwouldbefarmoreawesome).舞草是一種產(chǎn)