傅陽：小作文-流程圖

Non-figureCharts

長沙新東方傅陽Version0907

FlowCharts

flow

chart流程圖會偶爾在考試中出現(xiàn)。有時候以時間先后關(guān)系(chronologicalorder)排列，有時候以空間關(guān)系(spatialorder)組合，但是與數(shù)據(jù)圖基本的解題思路類似。

(1)題目特點：這類題目當(dāng)中不出現(xiàn)任何數(shù)據(jù)，而是以示意圖的方式現(xiàn)。

(2)解題思路：

首先應(yīng)該判斷該圖的組合方式是以時間關(guān)系還是空間關(guān)系進行。如果是按時間關(guān)系排列的話，那么按照各個步驟的先后順序?qū)懽?。如果是按空間關(guān)系排列的話，那么按照空間的上下內(nèi)外進行比較。BasicConcepts

process/flow/stage/step1.時間/邏輯順序連詞

Tobeginwith/firstly…..Then,after,consequently,…..Thelaststep,finally2.表示步驟內(nèi)容：主動被動

Weshouldputatableatableshouldbeput.3.表示方位，功能，意義，which

定從4.評價步驟，提醒注意：significant/essential/vital/indispensable……trivial/optional/…….3.表示方位，功能，意義，which

定從

………..,whichlocated/situated/hasbeenputin……..,is……(方位)………..,whichisusedto/function(s)as/serve(s)to/isaimingto……..,

is……(功能)………..,whichisimportant/trivial/optional……..,is………………(意義)Screenlocation=ondeskFunction=showthegraphSignificance=indispensable(評價)Thescreenisusuallyputonthedesk,asanindispensablepartofacomputer,

whichisusedto/servesthepurposeof/fulfillthejobofpresentingthegraphsinfrontofus.1.diagramforscientificexperiment

Paragraph2=howshouldweorganizethepreparation(準備的步驟按試驗順序，邏輯順序)

Paragraph3=introducethesimple(commonsense)scientificprocess…..

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.

Thediagrambelowshowsthemethodofobtainingwateroutdoors.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.第一步驟

Accordingtothefigure,thefirststep

ofobtainingwateroutdoors

isto

findahole……..isdone………

toform(形成)/construct/buildan…….

Done=hung(掛)，dug(挖)，cut(剪),laid，turnedon(打開)，open，filled，removed，put，pasted，covered，uncovered……..

areapplied=復(fù)雜的做(用)法

為了什么目的（inorderto+主動語態(tài)）andstonesareappliedonbothsidesofthesheetontheedge（whichis）

inorderto(目的和功能)secure（=stabilize）itsposition達到什么效果（asaresult/therefore/Thus+被動語態(tài)）Anotherstoneisbeingputinthemiddle/centreofthesheetandasaresultthemiddlepartbecomesthelowestpartinthesheet.……..is……..,whichenables/allows/realizes……………thegeneisthenattachedtoavector,whichenablesthegenetoenteranewcell.Accordingtothefigure,earthisremovedfromthegroundtoform(形成)anindentedplace.(someplantwasputintothegroundandamongwhichacontainerwaslaid).Aplasticsheetisbeingusedtocoverthegroundandstonesareapplied

onbothsidesofthesheetontheedge

(inorder)

to(目的和功能)secure（=stabilize）itsposition.Anotherstoneisbeingput

inthemiddle/centreofthesheetandasaresult

themiddlepartbecomesthelowestpartinthesheet.Thechartdescribeshowwaterisobtainedoutdoors.Accordingtothefigure,thefirststep

ofobtainingwateroutdoorsisto

findaholewithgreenplantsonthebottom.Next,

removethegreenplantsonthemiddleofthebottomandputacontainerthere.Then,covertheholewithaplasticsheetandplacetwostonesonbothendsofit

tosecureitsposition.Athirdstoneislaid

onthemiddleoftheplasticsheet

sothat

themiddlepartisalsothelowestpart.對一個（自然）現(xiàn)象的描述When/nowthesunshinesonthegreenplantsinthehole,thereafter,waterevaporates(risesup)fromtheseplants.Thevaporrisesupandthencondenses（coolsdown）toformwaterdropsontheplasticsheet.Whenthereismoreandmorewater（whenthewateraccumulates）,itflowsalongthesheettoaccumulateonthelowestpart.Finally,waterfallsdownintothecontainerdirectlyunderthemiddlestone.Thus,wateriscollectedsuccessfullythroughevaporationfromgreenplants.常用的科學(xué)過程描繪詞evaporatecondensevaporisedistillpurifyfilterboileruptdepositpercolatecirculateattachseparateisolateventilateconnect試驗intro和conclusionThechartdescribeshowwaterisobtainedoutdoors.Thus,

wateriscollected

successfullythrough

evaporationfromgreenplants.Youshouldspendatleast20minutesonthistask.

Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationinthegeneticengineeringprocesschartbelow.

Youshouldwriteatleast150words.位置上的包含關(guān)系A(chǔ)AAissituatedatBBB,whichisthe…..of/belongstoCCCcentre/edgeinDDD.firstofall，

AAAareidentifiedalong/inBBB,whichcanbefoundintheCCCatthecentre/edgeofDDD.

Thisdiagramshowstheconstituentpartsofacellandhowthegeneticinformationwithinacell,whichisstoredinchromosomes,canbetransferredtoanothercell

tocompletetheprocessofgeneticmodification.Thechartdescribeshowtheprocessofgeneticmodificationiscompleted.theconstituentparts(內(nèi)部構(gòu)造)ofacell

Tobeginthegeneticengineeringprocess,firstofall，

genesareidentifiedalongchromosomestrands,whichcanbefoundinthenucleusofacell.

Inthenextstage/step,particulargenesareisolatedbygeneticengineersandarethenbiochemicallycutoutoftheirchromosomalstrands.Followingthis,inthenextstage,thegeneisthenattachedtoavector,whichenablesthegenetoenteranewcell.Thiscombiningofgeneticinformationfromonecellkindtoanotheristheessence/criticalpartofthegeneticengineeringprocess.

描寫科學(xué)步驟的模板：Tobeginthe……..process,firstofall，……………,whichcanbefound

……………..Inthenextstage/step,……………….Followingthis,inthenextstage,……………,whichenables

…………..Thisstepof………………isthemostcriticalpart………………..process.Finally,asintheexampleprovidedinthediagramshows,whentheregeneratedcellsofaparticularplantspeciesareallowedtogrow,theplantswillshowpropertiesofthegeneticinformation,whichhasbeenborrowedfromanotherspecies'cells.原理圖2007年05月19日雅思考試

yearsheightLengthA8+350011.6French-ItalianB42-24053.85Japanese1-2表達花費，時長Ittook/cost…..tocomplete/finish/accomplish…….表達高，長，寬，重….

itisaslong/high/wide/heavyas……..itisaslongas11.6kilometres.Thetunnelruns/travels/spans/covers(覆蓋面積)takesup

240metresbelowtheseasurface.ConnectingAandB,reachingfromAtoB,Thefiguresillustrateandcomparetheengineeringfeaturesoftwoworld-renownedtunnels,theMont-BlancRoadTunnelandtheSeikanRailwayTunnel.Mont-BlancTunnel，asshowninFigure1isaroadtunnelconnectingFranceandItaly.

Traveling3,500metresbeneaththehighestpeakofthemountainaboveit,thetunnelhasatotallengthof11.6kilometres.Theconstructionofthistunnelcommenced(=opened,started)in1957andittook8yearstocomplete.TheSeikanTunnelillustratedinFigure2isarailwaytunnelinJapan.Openedin1988,itrunsbeneaththeseabedoftheTsugaruStrait,connectingAomoriCityontheJapaneseislandandHakodateCityontheislandofHokkaido.Thetunnelruns240metres

belowtheseasurface.Itsconstructionbegan（commenced）asearlyas1946andittook42yearstocompletethis53.85kmsubmarinetunnel.聯(lián)系作比較

AVSBA,B,A/B

AAAisbyfarlongerthanBBBandAAAtookmuchlongerthanBBBtoaccomplish.andAAAwas

muchmoreexpensivethanBBBItisevidentfromthediagramsthatalthoughbothrepresentremarkablefeatsofengineeringtechnology,theunderseaSeikanRailwayTunnelisbyfarlongerthanMont-BlancTunnelwhichwasbuiltonlandanditsconstructiontookmuchlongertoaccomplish.劍橋雅思5P75S2Hindon12km/10,000Ittravels12kmtogototheHindonTown,whichiswithpopulationof10,000.Andittakes16kmand25km’striptogotoBransdon(with15,000population)andCransdon(with29,000population)respectively.地圖題的特點空間方位：描寫順序：layout

布局NWSEClockwise/anticlockwise空間過渡：nextto,atthecorner,inthemiddle,oppositeto,beside,infrontof,bottom,top,left,right,above…..across,gobeyond,pass,turnleft,turnrightMAP題范例Themapsbelowgiveinformationaboutaschoolsitein2004andtheplanningofthesameschoolin2010.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.（2007年7月1日雅思考題）審題：思路上同雙piechartAin2004,maplayout(分布局)Bin2010,maplayout(分布局)+changeThetwomapsshowtheplanchangesinthecampuslayoutofHogwardsGrammarSchoolfrom2004to2010.Figure1providesanoverviewoftheoriginalschoolplanin2004.Atthistime,theschoolhas600studentsandit’s“only"schoolbuildingislocatedinitsnorthwestcorner.Toitseast,thereisalargesportfield,whichisconnectedtoschoolbuildingbyawalkingpath.Carsentertheschoolareafromitswestside,andthendrivealongamainroadwhich