會考復(fù)習(xí)名詞

名詞1、名詞的類2、名詞的數(shù)

3、名詞的格4、名詞的功用名詞考查點普通名詞

專有名詞:

Tom,China,English,theUnitedNations,

個體名詞：tree,city,teacher集體名詞：class,family,society

物質(zhì)名詞：paper,bread,light抽象名詞：truth,health,music,nature,space

名詞

可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞的特點(1)Tablesaremadeof____.

A.wood

B.woods

C.wooden

D.somewoods

(2)Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor____abouthishearttrouble.

A.anadvice

B.advice

C.advices

D.theadvices(3)Hegainedhis______byprinting______offamouswriters.

A.wealth;work

B.wealths;works

C.wealths;work

D.wealth;works(2)不能用不定冠詞a(an)或數(shù)詞one修飾；(3)沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式(1)物質(zhì)/抽象/專有名詞為不可數(shù)名詞?？嫉牟豢蓴?shù)名詞：advicefurniturenewsinformationworkprogressfuntroubleweatherequipmentwealthhealth某些單詞既是[u]又是[c]，但是所含意義不同success

beautydifficultyexperiencecoffee/drinkknowledge[c]成功的人或事

[u]成功

[c]美人[u]美麗[c]難事

[u]困難

[c]經(jīng)歷

[u]經(jīng)驗

[c]一杯咖啡/飲料

[u]咖啡/飲料

[c]某方面的知識[u]知識

surprise,pleasure,interest,joy,help,honor,exercise,time,life,etc.DrSmithisgoingtopulloutoneofmy______.

A.teeth

B.tooth

C.teeths

D.toothes(2)_____turngreeninspring.

A.Leaf

B.Leafs

C.Leave

D.Leaves

名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)desk----desksclass----classesfactory----factorieshero----heroes

photo---photosleaf---leavesknife---knives

roof---roofschief----chiefs名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化一個小偷和他的妻子手里拿著一把刀子和一片葉子，站在架子上親自把狼劈成了兩半。thief,wife,knife,leaf,shelf,self,wolf,half

footfeetchildchildrentoothteethmousemice名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化(1)詞形變化man--menwoman--womenmendoctorswomenteacherstwosheepaJapaneseseveralJapanese名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化deer-deerworks-worksmeans-means

species-species(2)單復(fù)同形cattle

peoplepolicepublic(3)單形復(fù)義(4)復(fù)形單義newspoliticsphysics

maths（5）合成名詞變復(fù)數(shù)looker-on

-----passer-by

-----daughter-in-law---grown-up

-----lookers-onpassers-bydaughters-in-lawgrown-ups由man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，兩部分都要變復(fù)數(shù)。

manteacher-----menteachersWomandoctor-----womendoctors（6）有兩個相同的構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)形式glasses眼鏡trousers褲子socks短襪scissors剪刀

gloves手套shoes鞋子glass

玻璃

glasses玻璃杯/眼鏡

water

水

waters

大片的水，海域

work

工作

works

工廠，著作，工程

time時間times次數(shù)，時代，倍good

益處goods

貨物manner

態(tài)度

manners

禮貌

.5.6.

paper7.

papers試卷，論文，報紙8.woodwoods木頭森林紙單復(fù)數(shù)形式分別表示不同的意義1.Wouldyoupleasepassme___?A.twopaper

B.twopapersC.twopiecesofpaperD.twopiecesofpapers

2.Thechildrenareplaying____onthe____.sand,sandB.sands,sands C.sand,sands D.sands,sand3.Nonews____goodnews. A.is B.are C.have D.has名詞的所有格名詞的所有格用’s式1）表示有生命的名詞,如Tom’sbike,Women’sDay,theeditor-in-chief’soffice2）表示時間、國家、距離等的名詞的所有格用’s，如today’snews;twominutes’walk;theParty’spolicy3）表示兩個或多人共有的，在最后一個名詞后加’s。如KateandMary’sroom

Kate’sandMary’srooms4)在表示店鋪的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：atthebarber's/tailor’s;atthedoctor’s。

atmyaunt’s2.thedeathofDr.NormanBethune(名詞本身較長)What’sthenameofthestudentsittingnearthewindow?（名詞的定語較長）1.表示無生命的事物名詞的所有格用of,如thecoverofthebook。名詞的所有格用of式1.---Iwonderwhosebicycleitis.

—Itmightbemy________A.neighbour's

B.dearneighbourC.neighbour

D.neighbours.

2.－Where’syourbrother?－At_____.

A.Mr.Green’s

B.Mr.Green

C.theMr.Green’s

D.theMr.Green3.MissSmithisafriendof________.A.Mary'smother'sB.Mary'smotherC.Mother'sofMary

D.Marymother'sAAA雙重所有格apictureofhisbrotherapictureofhisbrother’safriendofhermotherafriendofhermother’s名詞作定語1.Thevillageisfarawayfromhereindeed.It’s______walk.

A.afourhour

B.afourhour’s

C.afour-hours

D.afourhours’

2.Hedroppedthe________andbrokeit.

A.cupofcoffee

B.coffee'scup

C.cupforcoffee

D.coffeecup一般用單數(shù)形式。如astonebridge(石橋),ameetingroom(會議室),morningexercise(早操),LondonAirport(倫敦機場),astorybook(故事書)，ashoeshop(鞋店)。

表材料，地點，用途，性質(zhì)，泛指時間，整體等普通名詞。DD2.man,woman要與所修飾的名詞的數(shù)一致。如awomanteacher——twowomenteachers3.sports,sales,clothes,goods,arts,customs等只用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如

asportsmeetagoodstrainaclothesshopstudentsreadingroomGood-bye!名詞的搭配問題1We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehaveno______buttotakeataxi.(N19993)A.wayB.choiceC.possibility D.selection可以將“havenochoicebuttodo…”視為一個結(jié)構(gòu)，現(xiàn)在考查這類搭配的題有很多，如：

IamsureDavidwillbeabletofindthelibrary—hehasaprettygood_______ofdirection.（05浙江卷）A．ideaB．feelingC．experienceD．sense類似的題還有：1.Here’smycard.Let’skeepin__________.(N1994)(A)A.touch B.relation C.connection D.friendship2.Youcantakeasmanyasyoulikebecausetheyarefreeof_______.(1998上海)(B)A.fare B.charge C.money D.pay3.Themanagerhasgotagoodbusiness_______sothecompanyisdoingwell.（03北京春季）（B）

A．idea B．sense C．thought D．Thinking4.Ikeepmedicinesonthetopshelf,outofthechildren’s______.（04天津）(A)Areach Bhand Chold Dplace問題2Aroughestimate,Nigeriais__________GreatBritain.（05上海卷）

A.threetimesthesizeas B.thesizethreetimesofC.threetimesasthesizeof D.threetimesthesizeof注意名詞用來表示比較的特殊用法。它的結(jié)構(gòu)為“倍數(shù)+the+名詞+of+對象”。常用在該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞為：thesizeof;theweightof;thelengthof…….名詞詞語辨析問題1Billwasdoingalotofphysicalexercisetobuilduphis_______.（05天津卷）(C)A.abilityB.forceC.strengthD.mind高考試卷中考查名詞詞義辨析的題目越來越多了，這就要求我們在平時的學(xué)習(xí)過程中注意同類詞的比較和辨析，同時盡可能從閱讀過程中汲取更多的知識。本題的意思是參加體育鍛煉的目的是增強體質(zhì)和力氣。名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)問題1：

Hegainedhis_____byprinting_____offamouswriters.(NMET95)A.wealth;work B.wealths;works C.wealths;work D.wealth;works抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞被稱為不可數(shù)名詞。本題中wealth為不可數(shù)名詞，works作“作品”解，屬單復(fù)數(shù)同形的可數(shù)名詞。問題2：

Canyougiveussome______aboutthewriter?A．informations B．informationC．pieceofinformationsD．piecesinformation大多數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞都不可能轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞，常見的有：information;news;advice;progress;fun……如：Thisisnotamatch.We’replayingchessfor_____.AhabitBhobby CfunDgame(2001上海春季)問題3：

Manypeopleagreethat____ofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.(NMET96)

A.aknowledge B.knowledges

C.knowledge D.theknowledge有些抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞也可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞，用來表示某種特定的意義。aknowledgeof…表示“對……有所了解“。又如：Thismeetingisagreatsuccess.請看下面的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化：a.當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個體名詞時。

Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一種食物。(U)

Thesecakesaresweet.這些蛋糕很好吃。(C)

b.當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時，名詞可數(shù)。

Thisfactoryproducessteel.

(U)

Weneedvarioussteels.

(C)

c.當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時，可數(shù)。

Ourcountryisfamousfortea.

Twoteas,please.請來兩杯茶。d.抽象名詞有時也可數(shù)。

fourfreedoms四大自由

thefourmodernizations四個現(xiàn)代化

manyinterests許多興趣可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語及轉(zhuǎn)換1.Ineed______cloth,forI'mhopingtomake______clothes.(93上海)

A.alotof;many

B.much;much

C.many;many

D.many;alot

2.Wewaited______forthebus.(95全國)

A.longtime

B.alongtime

C.thelongtime

D.somelongtime

3._____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople‘slivingstandard.(85全國)

A.ManyB.Agreatmany

C.Alargenumberof

D.Agreatdealof

4.Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook______picturesofthem.(03上海)

A.manyof

B.massesof

C.thenumberof

D.alargeamountof

5.Wehaveonlyasofa,atableandabedinournewapartment.Weneedtobuy______morefurniture.(05上海春)

A.any

B.many

C.little

D.some

ABDBD6.Ihear_______boysinyourschoollikeplayingfootballintheirsparetime,thoughotherspreferbasketball.(2006遼寧)

A.quitealot

B.quiteafew

C.quiteabit

D.quitealittle

7.Wealwayskeep________sparepaper,incaseweranout.(2006浙江)

A.toomuch

B.anumberof

C.plentyof

D.agoodmany

8.Manypeopleagreethat____ofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.(96)A.aknowledgeB.knowledgesC.knowledgeD.theknowledgeBC1.有些物質(zhì)名詞表示不同種類時可以有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如，fishes,fruits,teas,allweathers。

2.有些抽象名詞表示具體的事物時，是可數(shù)名詞。如,shame/pity(憾事),interest(樂事),pleasure(樂事),surprise(意外事),disappointment(令人失望的人或事),success(成功的人或事),difficulty(難事),help(幫手)等。A不可數(shù)名詞與可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)換3.表示“一場/段/件/種……”時，要用a或an，此時多有形容詞或of短語修飾。如，afinerain(一陣細雨),aheavysnow(一場大雪),alongtime(很長一段時間)。4.表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等，可以用a(n)或數(shù)詞修飾，也有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如twoteasandacoffee(兩杯茶和一杯咖啡)；5.有的名詞可數(shù)與否由意思而定。如：

paperglasstimeexerciseexperienceroom

不可數(shù)紙玻璃時間鍛煉經(jīng)驗空間余地可數(shù)試卷玻璃杯次、倍習(xí)題、體操經(jīng)歷、房間6.有些不可數(shù)名詞，無論在什么情況下也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的，即使受形容詞修飾也不能加不定冠詞的。如advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage/luggage,jewellery,clothing等。名詞的修飾語只能修飾可數(shù)名詞的有each,either,neither,another,these,those,both,(a)few,several,many,agreat/goodmany,alargenumberof,scoresof,dozensof等。2.只能修飾不可數(shù)的有(a)little,much,abitof,agreatdealof,alargeamountof等。

3.既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有some,any,half,most,all,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,quantitiesof等。onefish一條魚fishes不同種類的魚／各種各樣的魚threefish三條魚somefish一些魚肉可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞deer-deermeans-meansseries-series

species-speciesworks-works（工廠）

Some______visitedourschoollastWednesday.A．German B．Germen C．Germans D．Germens國家人的名詞需要記住三種情況：1、單復(fù)數(shù)同形：Chinese;Japanese;Swiss2、需要變形：English-Englishman3、加–s或-es：German–Germans詳見下表。1.6不同國家的人的單復(fù)數(shù)名稱總稱(謂語用復(fù)數(shù)）一個人兩個人

中國人theChinese

aChinese

twoChinese

瑞士人theSwiss