托福分類詞匯表

托福分類詞匯表（共17類863個常用單詞）一、psychology心理..9.mental心理的physical身體的，物質(zhì)的，物理的spiritual心靈的conformity從眾majority多數(shù)人minority少數(shù)人thresholdjudgment（心理學）初始性判斷subject受實驗對象心理學psychology心理現(xiàn)象mentalphenomenon心理過程mentalprocess心理狀態(tài)mentalstate心理活動mentalactivity意識consciousness內(nèi)部活動internalactivity普通心理學generalpsychology實驗心理學experimentalpsychology行為科學behavioralscience心身關(guān)系mind-bodyrelation遺傳heredity活動理論activitytheory中央處理器模型centralprocessormodel信息儲存informationstorage人工智能artificialintelligence,AI計算機類比computeranalogy計算機模擬computersimulation計算機模型computermodel測謊器liedetector預期誤差anticipationerror正誤法methodofrightandwrongcases反應(yīng)response訪談法interviewmethod問卷法questionnaire表情法methodofexpression提示法anticipationmethod視覺vision瞳孑1pupil可見光visiblelight顏色匹配colormatching

0.加色混合additivecolormixture色弱colorweakness紅色弱redweakness色盲colorblindness紅色盲redblindness藍黃色盲blue-yellowblindness內(nèi)耳innerear中耳middleear反映reflection二、geography地理geography地理geographer地理學家hemisphere半球meridian子午線，經(jīng)線parallel平行圈，緯線latitude經(jīng)度longitude精度elevation海拔altitude高度temperatelatitudes溫帶地區(qū)horizon地平線equator赤道tropics熱帶地區(qū)Arctic北極Antarctic(Antarctica)南極expedition探險timezone時區(qū)topography地形，地形學plain平原plateau(highland)高地lowland低地basin盆地cavern(cave)洞穴terrain地域subterranean(underground)地底下coastland沿海地區(qū)island島嶼continentalisland大陸島volcanicisland火山島coralisland珊瑚島

31.islet小島32.peninsular半島33.continent大陸34.continentalshelf大陸架35.ranges山脈36.valley峽谷37.canyon峽谷38.channel(strait)海峽39.remote-sensing遙感的40.terrestrial地球的，陸地的41.terrestrialheat(geothermal)地熱42.terrestrialmagnetism(geomagnetism)地磁43.continentaldrift大陸漂移學說44.sea-floorspreading海床擴展45.evaporation蒸發(fā)46.salinity含鹽度47.oceanbottom海床48.sediment沉淀物，沉積物49.tropical熱帶的50.temperate溫帶的51.frigid寒帶的52.formation形成53.frostheaving凍脹現(xiàn)象54.fieldstone卵石二 、geology地質(zhì)學1.geologist地質(zhì)學家2.crust地殼3.mantle地幔4.core地核5.continentalcrust大陸地殼6.oceaniccrust海洋地殼7.layer(stratum,復數(shù)strata)地層8.plate板塊9.fault斷層10.faultplane斷層面11.faultzone斷層帶12.rift(crack;split)斷裂13.disintegration(decomposition)分解14.erosion腐蝕15.fossil化石16.igneousrock火成巖17.sedimentaryrock沉積巖

9.60.61.quartz石英limestone石灰?guī)rmarble大理石granite花崗巖lithogenous巖成的lithosphere巖石圈magma巖漿mineral礦物ore礦石deposit礦床platinum白金，鉑silver銀copper黃銅aluminum鋁tin錫lead鉛zinc鋅nickel鎳mercury汞，水銀sodium鈉gem寶石diamond鉆石emerald綠寶石ruby紅寶石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch(age,period)冰川期glacialdrift冰漬iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山eruption火山噴發(fā)crater火山口lava火山巖漿volcanic火山的volcanicdust火山塵volcanicash火山灰earthquake(quake;tremor;seism)地震seismic地震的seismology地震學magnitude震級seismicwave地震波cataclysm災變四、anthropologist人類學家paleoanthropologist古人類學家ecologicalanthropologist生態(tài)人類學家psychologicalanthropologist 心理人類學家origin起源originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人（科）homogeneous同一種族（種類）的tribe部落clan氏族archeologist考古學家excavation挖掘excavate（unearth）挖掘ruins遺跡，廢墟remains遺跡，遺骸artifact手工藝品relic遺物，文物antique古物，古董antiquity古代，古老StoneAge石器時代BronzeAge（青）銅器時代IronAge鐵器時代Paleolithic舊石器時代的Mesolithic中石器時代的Neolithic新石器時代的archaeology考古學anthropology人類學morphology形態(tài)學skull顱骨cranial顱骨的五、ecology生態(tài)學ecologist生態(tài)學家ecosystem生態(tài)系統(tǒng)balance（ofnature）自然界生態(tài)平衡fauna動物群

flora植物群rainforest雨林foodchain食物鏈acidrain酸雨greenhouseeffect 溫室效應(yīng)infraredradiation紅外線輻射ozonelayer(ozonosphere)臭氧層ultravioletradiation紫外輻射pollution污染pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空氣污染waterpollution水污染noisepollution噪音污染soilpollution土壤污染pollution-free無污染pollutant污染物noxious(toxic)有毒的fumes(有毒)廢氣waste廢物solidwaste固體垃圾sewage(wastewater)污水sewagepurification污水凈化sewagedisposal污水處理decibel(噪音)分貝六、meteorology六、meteorology氣象..5.16.17.meteorology氣象meteorologist氣象學家forecast(predict)預報climate氣候atmosphere大氣層troposphere對流層current(氣)流vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸發(fā)damp(wet;moist;humid)潮濕的humidity濕度moisture潮濕；水分saturate飽和dew露frost霜fog(mist)霧smog煙霧

droplet小水珠condense濃縮crystal水晶體downpour(torrential rain)大雨tempest(storm)暴風雨drizzle細雨shower陣雨hail冰雹blizzard(snowstorm)暴風雪avalanche(snowslide)雪崩precipitation(雨、露、雪等)降水breeze微風gale大風whirlwind旋風typhoon臺風hurricane颶風tornado(twister,cyclone)龍卷風funnel漏斗，漏斗云disaster(calamity,catastrophe)災難devastation破壞submerge淹沒drought旱災七、chemistry七、chemistry化學..8.19.chemicalproperty化學特性，化學性質(zhì)chemicalcomposition(makeup)化學成分chemicalagent化學試劑chemicalreaction化學反應(yīng)chemicalchange化學變化chemicalbond化學鍵chemicalapparatus化學器械substance(matter;material)物質(zhì)element元素periodictable周期表hydrogen氫oxygen氧nitrogen氮helium氦carbon碳calcium鈣silicon硅sulfur硫iodine碘

20.compound化合物21.hydrocarbon碳氫化合物22.derivative衍生物23.alchemy煉金術(shù)24.petroleum(oil)石油25.petroleumproducts石油產(chǎn)品26.crudeoil原油27.refine提煉，精煉28.gasoline汽油29.methane甲烷30.solution溶液31.dissolve溶解32.solvent溶劑33.solubility可溶性34.cohesive聚合力35.adhesive粘合力36.atom原子37.nucleus原子核38.electron電子39.neutron中子40.proton質(zhì)子41.molecule分子42.particle粒子43.ion離子44.particleaccelerator粒子加速器45.catalysis(復數(shù)catalyses)催化作用46.catalyst催化劑47.artificial人造的48.synthetic合成的49.syntheticfiber人造纖維50.polymer聚合物51.polymerization聚合作用52.plastic塑料53.dye染料54.cosmetics化妝品八、physics物理1.physics物理2.mechanics力學3.thermodynamics熱力學4.acoustics聲學5.electromagnetism電磁學6.optics光學9.50.dynamics動力學force力velocity速度acceleration加速度equilibrium平衡statics靜力學motion運動inertia慣性gravitation弓|力relativity相對gravity地心引力vibration震動medium(media)媒質(zhì)frequency頻率wavelength波長pitch音高intensity強度echo回聲resonance回聲，洪亮sonar聲納ultrasonics超聲學electricity電staticelectricity靜電magnetism磁性，磁力magnet磁體electromagnet電磁magneticfield磁場electriccurrent電流directcurrent(DC)直流電alternatingcurrent(AC)交流電electriccircuit電路electriccharge電荷electricvoltage電壓electricshock觸電electricappliance電器conductor導體insulator絕緣體semiconductor半導體battery(cell)電池drybattery干電池storagebattery蓄電池electronics電子學electronic電子的electroniccomponent(part)電子零件

5.76.77.九、mathematicsintegratedcircuit集成電路chip集成電器片，集成塊electrontube電子管5.76.77.九、mathematics..2.13.14.mathematics數(shù)學mathematician數(shù)學家arithmetic算術(shù)calculation計算calculator計算器abacus算盤numeral數(shù)字sum和total（sumtotal）總和，總數(shù)aggregate總計fraction分數(shù)，小數(shù)decimal十進位，（十進）小數(shù)digit數(shù)字，數(shù)位percentage百分比7.58.addition力口法plus加上subtraction減法minus減去multiplication乘法multiplicationtable乘法表multiply乘以times乘以power乘方square平方division除法divide除以algebra代數(shù)quantity表示量的數(shù)（或符號）equation方程式，等式formula公式root根geometry幾何geometric幾何的dimension維paralleladj.平行的n.平行線quadrilateral四邊形square正方形area面積rectangle長方形，矩形polygon多邊形cube立方形volume體積sphere球形circle圓形ellipse（oval）橢圓形cone圓錐形circumference圓周diameter直徑radius半徑triangle三角形angle角degree（角）度calculus微積分differentialcalculus微分學integralcalculus積分學function函數(shù)probability概率statistics統(tǒng)計

quantitative量的，數(shù)量的qualitative質(zhì)的，質(zhì)量的deduction(inference)推論，演繹induction歸納十、agriculture農(nóng)業(yè)....6.37.agrarian土地的，農(nóng)業(yè)的pilot(experimental)試驗性的harrow(rake)耙，耙土ridge田埂furrow犁溝plot(patch)小塊地ranch農(nóng)場，牧場plantation種植園orchard果園nursery苗圃seedbed苗床sickle鐮刀spade鏟，鍬shovel(平頭)鏟pick稿tractor拖拉機cultivate(till)耕作sow(seed)播種harvest收割weed除草irrigate灌溉manure(fertilizer)月巴料spray噴灑(農(nóng)藥)insecticide(pesticide)殺蟲劑pest害蟲rust銹病grain(cereal)谷物，谷粒granary(grainstore)糧倉mill碾，磨

38.30.81.corn玉米rice大米barley大麥sorghum高粱oats燕麥rye黑麥millet粟，小米vegetable蔬菜horticulture園藝學hydroponics水栽法，營養(yǎng)液栽培法greenhouse(glasshouse,hotbed)溫室cabbage洋白菜lettuce生菜mustard芥菜spinach菠菜broccoli花椰菜cucumber黃瓜eggplant茄子pepper辣椒pumpkin南瓜tomato西紅柿beet甜菜carrot胡蘿卜radish小紅蘿卜pea豌豆soybean大豆celery芹菜garlic大蒜leek韭菜onion洋蔥頭potato土豆peanut花生sesame芝麻cotton棉花husbandry(animalhusbandry)畜牧業(yè)pasture牧場livestock家畜fowl(poultry)家禽cattle牛，家畜buffalo野牛dairy(dairycattle)奶牛dairyfarm孚L牛場hay(作飼料用)干草

haystack干草堆fodder(feed)飼料trough飼料槽barn(shed)牲口槽stable廄，馬廄cowshed牛棚pigpen(hogpen,pigsty)豬圈sheepfold(sheeppen)羊欄roost(henhouse)雞舍fishfarm養(yǎng)魚場aquaculture水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖十一、animal動物..9.30.naturalselection自然選擇class綱order目family科genus屬suborder亞目species種invertebrate無脊椎動物vertebrate脊椎動物aquatic(life)水生動物reptile爬行動物amphibian(amphibiousanimal)兩棲動物dinosaur恐龍bird鳥類extinction滅絕mammal哺乳動物primates靈長目動物insect昆蟲antenna(復數(shù)antennae)觸須larva幼蟲，幼體camouflage偽裝pest害蟲worm蟲，蠕蟲hibernate冬眠lizard蜥蜴chameleon變色蜥蜴regeneration再生turtle龜beast野獸33.74.domesticate馴I養(yǎng)predatory（carnivorous）食肉的predator捕食者prey（動詞）捕食（名詞）被捕食的動物scavenger食腐動物migrate遷移wing翅膀，翼bill（鳥）嘴beak（鷹等的）嘴nest筑巢dolphin海豚whale鯨魚bat蝙蝠gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩habitat棲息地rodent嚙齒動物（如松鼠）primate靈長動物plankton浮游生物mollusk軟體動物coelenterate腔腸動物（如珊瑚）shrimp小蝦prawn對蝦lobster對蝦crab螃蟹clam蛤蜊sponge海綿coral珊瑚starfish海星canary金絲雀chirp（鳥，蟲的叫聲）唧唧squeak（老鼠等）吱吱porpoise海豚sloth樹懶slothful懶惰的hygiene衛(wèi)生sanitation衛(wèi)生parasite寄生蟲moth蛾caterpillar毛蟲hordes（昆蟲等）群swarms（昆蟲等）群flock（鳥，羊等）群community動物的群落或人的部落herd獸群bunch（花等）束，捧beaver海貍monogamous一夫一妻的，一雄一雌的polygamous一夫多妻的，一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的，一雌多雄的trapper誘捕動物者rhinoceros犀牛niche小生態(tài)環(huán)境vestige退化器官，遺跡oyster牡蠣fertilizer使…受精larvae幼蟲tentacle觸角homotherm恒溫動物poikilotherm變溫動物metabolism新陳代謝baboon狒狒breed（名詞）品種，（動詞）繁殖multiply（reproduce）繁殖hatch孵spawn（魚、蝦、蛙等）孵offspring（young）解剖學anatomy解剖學appetite食欲creature生物microbe微生物herbivorous食草的carnivorous食肉的104.omnivorous雜事的十二、plant植物botany植物學botanist植物學家botanical（botanic）植物的plant植物aquaticplant水生植物parasiteplant寄生植物root根canopy樹冠層，頂棚foliage（leaf）葉leaflet小葉rosette（葉的）叢生

3.54.55.stalk桿leafstalk葉柄shoot(sprout)嫩芽，抽枝flower花bud花蕾petal花瓣peel(skin)果皮shell(硬)果殼husk(干)果殼；(玉米)苞葉trunk樹干branch樹枝bough大或者粗的樹枝twig小樹枝bark樹皮jungle叢林lawn草坪meadow草地，牧場prairie大草原shrub(bush)灌木cluster一簇(灌木)fern蕨類植物herb草photosynthesis光合作用symbiosis共生wither(shrivel,fade)凋謝pollen花粉pollinate傳授花粉pollination授粉cell細胞tissue組織organ器官system系統(tǒng)seeds種子everlasting永久的orchid蘭花pollinate授粉crossbreed雜交shrub灌木sequoia紅杉rootpressure根壓cohesion-tension凝聚壓力bore腔，腸column花柱symbiotic共生的immunity免疫organism生物，有機物necrosis壞死barren貧瘠futile無用的carbohydrate（starch）碳水化合物（淀粉），糖類glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白質(zhì)vitamin維他命calorie卡路里（熱量單位）malnourished營養(yǎng)不良的nutrition營養(yǎng)十三、politics政治constitution憲法legislation立法Democrats民主黨Republicans共和黨Amendment修正案Congress美國國會Senate參議院HouseofRepresentatives眾議院monarchy君主制anarchism無政府主義federalsystem聯(lián)邦制presidentialsystem總統(tǒng)制municipal市的，市政的metropolitan大都市的centralized中央集權(quán)的ideology意識形態(tài)maneuver擦略tariff關(guān)稅immigrant移民institutionalize機構(gòu)化election選舉vote投票officeholding任職veto否決AmericanRevolution美國革命/獨立戰(zhàn)爭IndependenceWar美國獨立戰(zhàn)爭2.43.AmericanCivilWar美國內(nèi)戰(zhàn)radical激進的，根本的overturning顛覆性的independent獨立的breathtaking激動人心的military軍事的colonize拓殖，殖民percapita人均treason叛國conspiracy陰謀imprisonment監(jiān)禁release釋放pardon特赦accusation譴責，指控welfare福利patronage資助，贊助unionization聯(lián)合，結(jié)合十四、education教育..9.10.11.educator教育家highereducation高等教育moralcharacter道德品質(zhì)domain領(lǐng)域faculty全體教員alumni校友treasurer生活委員，財務(wù)大臣electivesystem選課制度curriculum課程（總稱）discipline學科，管理learnbyrote死記硬背十五、music音樂..9.10.musicalinstrument樂器orchestra樂隊string弦樂wind管樂shookrattle搖撥浪鼓pounddrum擊鼓footbeat點腳，跺腳percussion震蕩，打擊樂器note音符score樂譜..4.movement樂章fanatical狂熱的hillbillymusic鄉(xiāng)村音樂folkmusic民間音樂popmusic流行音樂classicalmusic古典音樂Jazz爵士樂六、astronomy天文astronomy天文學astronomical天文的astronomicalobservatory天文臺astronomer天文學家astrophysics天文物理學astrology占星學pseudoscience偽科學cosmos(universe)宇宙cosmology宇宙學infinite無限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙輻射cosmicrays宇宙射線celestial天的celestialbody(heavenlybody)天體celestialmap(skyatlas)天體圖celestialsphere天球dwarf(dwarfstar)矮星quasar類星體，類星射電源constellation星座galaxy(MilkyWay)新河系cluster星團solarsystem太陽系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solarradiation太陽輻射planet行星planetoid(asteroid)小行星revolve旋轉(zhuǎn)，繞轉(zhuǎn)twinkle閃爍nakedeye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球

35.Mars火星36.Jupiter木星37.Saturn土星38.Uranus天王星39.Neptune海王星40.Pluto冥王星41.orbit軌道42.spin旋轉(zhuǎn)43.satellite衛(wèi)星44.lunar月球的45.meteor流星46.meteorshower流星雨47.meteoroid流星體