英語國家概況

關(guān)于英語國家概況第一頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日ContentsGeography1Climate3NaturalResources4People5MajorCities2第二頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日

Watchthefollowingmapcarefullyandfindcluestothefollowingitemslocation(borderingneighbors)States(thesmallest&thelargeststate)第三頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日第四頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日第五頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日第六頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日SizeandLocationInthecentralpartofNorthAmerica(exceptAlaskaandHawaii)CanadaonthenorthMexicoandtheGulfofMexicoonthesouthAtlanticOceanontheeastPacificOceanonthewesttotalarea—9.5millionsquarekilometers;Thewholecountryincludes50statesandafederaldistrict,theDistrictofColumbia—theseatoftheFederalGovernment.

第七頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日States

original48statesAlaskaandHawaiibecamethe49thin1867and50thstatesin1959.AlaskabordersonnorthwesternCanadaHawaiiliesinthecentralPacificOceanAlaska—thelargest(1717,854sqkm)RhodeIsland—thesmallestTexas—thelargestonthemainland(695,621sqkm)第八頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日1.ThreeGeographicalDivisionsGeographicalDivisionsCentralpartEasternpartWesternpart第九頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日TheEasternPartTheeasternpart—thehighlandsformedbytheAppalachianRange(阿巴拉挈亞山系).onesixthofthenationalterritoryrelativelylow,withanaveragealtitudeof800metersabovesealevel第十頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日TheWesternPartHighplateaus(高原)andmountains—formedbytheGreatCordilleraRange（科迪勒拉山系）,extendingfromCanadathroughthewesternpartoftheUnitedStatestoMexicoandfurthersouth.Onethirdofthecountry’sterritoryRockymountainswithanaveragealtitudeofmorethan3000metersabovesealevels.第十一頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日TheGreatCentralPlain（中部大平原）BetweentheAppalachiansintheeastandtheRockyMountainsinthewesthalfofAmerica’slandmassonthecontinentstretchfromtheGreatLakesinthenorthtotheGulfofMexicointhesouthfivegreatlakesandNiagaraFalls第十二頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日第十三頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日ThefiveGreatLakes:LakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErie,LakeOntario.LakeSuperior:thelargestfreshwaterlakeofitskindLakeMichigan:whollywithinUnitedStatesNiagaraFalls(尼亞加拉大瀑布)第十四頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日NiagaraFalls--locatedontheU.S.–CanadianborderbetweenLakeErieandLakeOntario.

第十五頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日NiagaraFalls第十六頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日2.MainGeographicalRegions

NewEnglandRegion(新英格蘭地區(qū))TheMid-AtlanticStatesRegion（大西洋中部地區(qū)）TheSouthRegion（南部地區(qū)）TheMidwestRegion（中西部地區(qū)）TheWestRegion（西部地區(qū)）TheRegionoftheGreatPlains(大平原地區(qū))Alaska(阿拉斯加地區(qū))Hawaii(夏威夷地區(qū))第十七頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日NewEnglandincludingsixstatesinthenortheasterncornerfeaturedwithmountains,valleysandriversMassachusetts:thelargestpopulationRhodeIsland:thesmallestinsize,themostdenselypopulatedstateNotafarmingarea,poorsoilEarliestsettlers:EnglishProtestants第十八頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日NewENGLAND

第十九頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日TheMiddleAtlanticRegionSixstates↗north:NewEngland↘south:thesouthregionImportant:a.?populationb.1/3productsMarkedbyitsindustry,“IndustrialNortheast”,manylargefactoriesRichinmineralsgoodsoil+temperateclimate=agricultureisimportantManyimportantcities:NewYork,Philadelphia第二十頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日TheSouthRegion

alargesectionofUS,including11states

favorableclimate→agriculture,greatprofitsbyraisingandsellingcottonandtobaccoThenorth:industrial(工業(yè)的)thesouth:agrarian(農(nóng)業(yè)的，土地的)greatsizewithfewlargecitiesNewOrleansMiamiAtlantaBirmingham第二十一頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日AmericanSouthernArea第二十二頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日TheMidwestRegionIncludes8statesFertilesoil→abundantcrops→knownasthecountry’s“breadbasket”Center:Chicago,Illinois,thethirdlargestcitySearsTower:at443meters,oneofworld’stallestbuildings第二十三頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日TheRegionoftheGreatPlainsInclude6statesMarkedbya.thesmallestpopulationb.fewlargecitiesc.vastnessofflatlandd.poorsoile.littlerainsinmanypartsIndiansarenativeshere.1/5ofthecountry’sIndiansarenowlivinginthestateofOklahoma.第二十四頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日TheWestRegionOccupyavastarea,including11statesTheareaoftheRockyMountains+allterritorywesttotheRockyMountainsasfarastothePacificOceanMountainousarea:muchoftheland,cannotbecultivated↗toohighandmountainous↘toolowanddryCaliforniadominatesthewholeregionPrinciplecities:SanFrancisco,LosAngelesandSeattle第二十五頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日Oregon&California第二十六頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日AlaskaInthenorthwesternpartofNorthAmericaAsaworldofglaciers(冰河),waterfallsandlakesFishingisthechiefeconomymainagricultureoutput—seafoodindustrialoutputs—crudepetroleum(原油),naturalgas,preciousmetals,seafoodprocessing,timber,andtourism,etc.第二十七頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日Alaska第二十八頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日HawaiiTheclimatehereiscomfortableandthetemperatureusuallyremainsclosetotheaverageof24degreescentigradeHonolulu(火奴魯魯，檀香山):thecapital,thelargestcityofthesatePearlHarbortouristbusiness—largestsourceofincome第二十九頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日HawaiiHawaiiDance第三十頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日第三十一頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日3.RiversandLakesInthesystemofGulf:TheMississippiRiverthelongestandthemostimportantriverinthesystemoftheGulf(墨西哥灣水系).第三十二頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日Knownasthe“fatherofwaters”toAmericanIndiansAsMarkTwainwasraisedontheriver,hismostpopularandimportantwritingsareconcernedwiththisarea．TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn

（《哈克貝利·費(fèi)恩歷險(xiǎn)記》）tellsthestoryofhowtheboyHuckleberryFinnandhisblackfriendJim,arunawayslave,saileddowntheMississippionaraft.第三十三頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日InthesystemofthePacific:theColumbiaRiverandtheColoradoRiverInthesystemoftheAtlantica.ThePotomacRiver(波托馬克河)flowthroughthecapital,Washington

b.TheHudsonRiver

(哈得孫河)linkedbycanalswiththefiveGreatLakesflowsthroughthestateofNewYork第三十四頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日ClimateMajority:

temperateSome:

subtropicalzonesOnlyFloridaandHawaii:tropical50centimeterrainfalllineintheeast—comparativelymorerains,soeasyagriculture;inthewest—muchlessrain(lessthan50cm.ayear)withtheexceptionofthecoastalareasalongthePacific.第三十五頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日NaturalResourcesrichinmineralresources

amongthecountrieswiththegreatestreservesofcoal,ironoreandoil.aboundsinlead,copper,zinc,aluminum,rock,silver,andgold.onefourthoftheterritory—coveredwithforestswhichmainlyconcentrateuponthreeareas:theareaalongthenorthwesterncoastofthePacifictheareainthesouththeareainthenorth第三十六頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日MajorCities

WhentalkingaboutAmerica,isthereanycitythatyouarefamiliarwith?Andwhy?第三十七頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日Tips:

NewYork—commercialandfinancialcenteroftheUnitedStatesWashingtonD.C.—seatofthefederalgovernmentLosAngles—secondlargestcityChicago—thewindycitySeattle;Philadelphia;SanFrancisco;etc.

第三十八頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日1.NewYork

LocatedinNewYorkState,isthelargestcityandthechiefportoftheUnitedStates.Fiveboroughs—Manhattan(曼哈頓),Brooklyn(布魯克林),Bronx(布朗克斯),Richmond(里士滿)andQueens(昆斯).theheadquarteroftheUnitedNationsBecameanimportantcityearlyinthelastcentury.AlargeportionofthenationalexportspassedthroughNewYorkharbor.NewYorkhasbecomeoneoftheworld’sbusiestportsandalsothefinancial,manufacturing,andtravelcenterofthecountry.

第三十九頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日第四十頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日1.1WallStreetAmerica’sfinancialcenterTheworldfamousNewYorkStockExchange(紐約證券交易所)isacrossthestreetThesymbolofAmericanmonopolycapitalism.第四十一頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日1.2WorldTradeCenterThetallestbuildingintheU.S.andtheworldcomposedoftwobuildings,twinstructures,eachrising110storiesabovethecity’sstreets&collapsedinSeptember,11,2001.第四十二頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日1.3BroadwayBroadwayisanavenueinManhattanasymboloftheNewYorktheatressurroundedbyplayhouses,first-runmovies,nightclubs,hotelsandshops.第四十三頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日1.4StatueofLibertyahugesculpturelocatedonLibertyIslandinNewYorkHarboragiftfromFranceonthecentenaryofAmericanIndependenceFormalname:“LibertyEnlighteningtheWorld”(照耀世界的自由女神)第四十四頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日Itpicturesawomanwhohasescapingthechainsoftyranny(thebrokenchainslieatherfeet).Liberty'srighthandholdsatorchthatisasymbolofliberty.LibertywasdesignedbytheFrenchsculptorFredericAugusteBartholdi.Thestatuewasre-assembledintheUSAandwascompletedonOctober28,1886.ThesevenraysofLiberty'scrownsymbolizethesevencontinentsoftheworld.Libertyholdsatabletinherlefthandthatreads"July4,1776"(inRomannumerals),IndependenceDayoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.

第四十五頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日第四十六頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日2.WashingtonD.C.LocatedonthePotomacRiver(波托馬克河)governeddirectlybytheFederalgovernment.DistrictofColumbia—namedafterChristopherColumbuscity—namedafterGeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentofU.S.

第四十七頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日WashingtonMonument第四十八頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日第四十九頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日2.1WhiteHousetheofficialpresidentialresidenceInsidetheHouse,therearemorethan130roomsPortraitsofallthepresidentshangonthewalls第五十頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日第五十一頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日2.2Capitol國會(huì)大廈ThemeetingplaceoftheUnitedStatesCongress,thelegislatureofthefederalgovernmentofUnitedStatesLocatedinWashingtonD.C.,itsitsatopCapitolHill.第五十二頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日3.SanFranciscoGoldenGateBridgeLocatedonthecentralpartoftheCaliforniashoreline.Centerofoil-refining,automobiles,chemicals,commerce,finance,andshippingindustry.Over300000Chinese,thelargestChinesesettlementinAmerica.第五十三頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日4.LosAngelssecondlargestcityintheU.S.fourtimeslargerthanSanFranciscoimportantelectroniccenterknownforthemanufactureoftires,automobilesandaircraft.SincethefirstAmericanmoviewasmadeinLosAngelesin1908,thecityhasremainedthefilmcenteroftheUnitedStates.Hollywoodislocatedinthiscity.第五十四頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日Hollywood—thebaseofthefilmindustry,isaworldfamousfilmproducingcenter.第五十五頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日TheworldfamousDisneylandattractsmillionsoftouristseveryyear.DisneylandhasbeenbuiltinCalifornia,Florida,Paris,TokyoandHongKong.第五十六頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日5.Chicagothewindycity;secondmostpopulouscityafterNewYork.Foundedintheearly1800s—mainconnectionbetweentheeastcoastcitiesandtheWest.thelargestindustrialcityinthecountry,withhighlydevelopedheavyandlightindustriesthecenterofindustry,transportation,commerceandfinanceintheMidwestarea,alsoaculturecenter第五十七頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日SearsTower(西爾斯大廈)WillisTower,stillcommonlyreferredtoasSearsTowerCompletionin1973,thetallestbuildingintheworld,surpassingtheWorldTradeCentertowersinNewYorkHeldthisrankfor25yearsTallestbuildinginUnitedStatesOneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsinChicagoRenamedWillisTowerin2009第五十八頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日第五十九頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日第六十頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日PeopleTheWhite74.7%Asians4.3%TheBlack12.1%MixedRaces2.5%

NativeIndians&Hawaiians0.9%TheUnitedStatesisthethirdmostpopulousnationintheworld,rankingbehindChinaandIndia.AccordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau(美國人口普查局),theresidentpopulationreachedamilestoneonOct.17,2006,hitting300million.第六十一頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日PopulationUnevendistributionThemostdenselypopulatedregion—thenortheasternpartAboutonequarterofthetotallandarea,abouthalfofthetotalpopulation.TheGreatPlains—acomparativelysmallpopulation.TheSouth—apopulationofalmost57.5millionpeople.TheWest—notdenselypopulated;20%ofthepopulationexceptforsomemetropolitancenterslikeLosAngels,andSanFrancisco.第六十二頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日NationofImmigrantsRaceandethnicgroupsTheIndiansTheWhiteAnglo-SaxonsProtestants(WASP)TheBlackTheHispanicsTheAsian-Americans第六十三頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日IndiansAbout10millionIndiansinNorthAmericaWhenColumbusarrived.Westwardmovement—thedestructionoftheIndians.Todayabout2.4millionIndiansAboutone-thirdofthemliveonreservations,landthatwasset-asideforthem.Therestlivesincities.Povertyandunemploymentaremajorproblems,especiallyonthereservations.第六十四頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日WASPsEuropeandescendantsWhiteAnglo-SaxonProtestantswhowerelargelyresponsibleforthewinningofAmerica’sindependence.English—officiallanguage第六十五頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日TheBlackAbout8millionblackpeoplewerebroughttoAmericafromAfricaasslavesfrom1620to1820.workonplantationsorlargefarmsoftheSouth.poorandsufferfrompovertyTodaytheblackaccountforabout12%ofthepopulationManyofthemliveintheSouthandinthecitiesofNortheastandMidwest.

第六十六頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日CivilRightsMovementSegregationlaws(隔離法)inSouthernstatesintheUSpreventedblackandwhitepeoplefromsittingtogetherinmovietheatres,eatinginthesamerestaurants,drinkingfromthesamewaterfountain,etc.AlthoughthesearenotAmendment(補(bǔ)充法案）totheUSConstitution,theUSgovernmentwouldnotdeclaretheSouthernlawsunconstitutionaluntiltherewerecasesbroughtinthefederalcourts.Thecivilrightsmovementsbeganwhenblackpeoplespontaneouslyprotestedsegregationlawsandcreatedorganizationstomaketheprotestssuccessful.

第六十七頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日MartinLutherKingablackministeragreatpoliticalandreligiousleaderofthenon-violentcivilrightsmovementin1950s.第六十八頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日OnAugust28,1963,heledover250,000AmericansonamarchinWashingtonD.C.tofightfortheCivilRightsLawtoguaranteeequalityforallpeople,anddeliveredhisbest-knownspeech“IHaveaDream”beforetheLincolnMemorial.ThushewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforpeacein1964.Buthewastragicallymurderedfouryearslater.ByvoteofCongressin1968,thethirdMondayofeveryJanuaryisnowafederalholidayinMartinLutherKing’shonor.第六十九頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日IHaveaDream

Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evidentthatallmenarecreatedequal.IhaveadreamthatonedayontheredhillsofGeorgiathesonsofformerslavesandthesonsofformerslaveownerswillbeabletositdowntogetheratthetableofbrotherhood.IhaveadreamthatonedayeventhestateofMississippi,astateswelteringwiththeheatofinjustice,swelteringwiththeheatofoppression,willbetransformedintoanoasisoffreedomandjustice.Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatoneday,downinAlabama,withitsviciousracists,withitsgovernorhavinghislipsdrippingwiththewordsofinterpositionandnullification;onedayrightdowninAlabamalittleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswithlittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.Ihaveadreamtoday!Ihaveadreamthatonedayeveryvalleyshallbeexalted,andeveryhillandmountainshallbemadelow,theroughplaceswillbemadeplain,andthecrookedplaceswillbemadestraight,andthegloryoftheLordshallberevealedandallfleshshallseeittogether.第七十頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日Hispanics

—theSpanish-speakingpopulationoftheUnitedStates

PuertoRicans波多黎各人Mexican-AmericansCuban-Americans123ThreemajorHispanicgroups:第七十一頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日PuertoRicansTheislandofPuertoRico(波多黎各)

hasbeenanAmericanpossessionsincetheSpanish-Americanwarof1899andPuertoRicanshavebeenAmericancitizenssince1917.BetterjobopportunitiesintheU.S.havedrawnalargenumberofPuertoRicanstotheU.S.,themajorityofwhomhavesettledinthelargecitiesintheeasternseaboard.第七十二頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日CubanAmericansTheCuban-AmericanswhogotawayfromCubaaftertheCubanRevolutionin1959andarenowgatheredintheMiamiarea.Ingeneral,theCuban-Americanshavedonethebesteconomically.TheyleftCubaintheearly60sand,overthepast40years,theyhavecreatedaprosperous“l(fā)ittleCuba”intheMiamiarea.第七十三頁，共七十九頁，2022年，8月28日Asianimmigrants—Chinese

AmongtheAsianimmigrants,the