初中英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

春天還會(huì)遠(yuǎn)嗎?willitstillbefarinspring?冬天已經(jīng)來(lái)了,Winterhasalreadycome,

已學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的時(shí)態(tài)名稱(chēng)時(shí)間動(dòng)詞形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)平時(shí)，經(jīng)?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)正在進(jìn)行一般將來(lái)時(shí)即將，計(jì)劃1.will/shall+v原形2.am/is/aregoingto+v原形一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去（與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)）1.v-ed（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞）2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去某一時(shí)間，在進(jìn)行was/were+v-ing1.v原形2.v三單am/is/are+v-ing1.will/shall+v原形2.begoingto+v原形3.be+ving4beaboutto+v原形1.v-ed（規(guī)則動(dòng)詞）2.不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞was/were+v-ing1）用來(lái)表示之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，而其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系:動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去,但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在。Theyhaveleft.--他們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了,也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在他們?nèi)瞬辉谶@里Ihave

hadmylunch.--我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)午飯了,也就是說(shuō)我現(xiàn)在不餓現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的含義2）也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。Hehas

learnedEnglishsince2001.--從2001年開(kāi)始學(xué)的,現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù)學(xué)著呢現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)Winter

hasalready

come.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成形式

have

done

has助動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞肯定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+過(guò)去分詞否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has+not+過(guò)去分詞一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞1.直接加-ed。如：play-played2.以字母e結(jié)尾的直接加d。如：name-named3.以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，變y為i加ed。如：carry-carried4.重讀閉音節(jié)且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)這個(gè)輔音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成nowpastfuture一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的是純粹在過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài),或者發(fā)生在過(guò)去卻對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的比較

1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.

（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)

常與具體的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用;

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,…--具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):

for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)

（錯(cuò)）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.

（對(duì)）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.

一般過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。

ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的動(dòng)作不是延續(xù)的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

since用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間—“自從……”for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度—“長(zhǎng)達(dá)……”

Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.

Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.

Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比較since和for注意：并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.

(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)

Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.

(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已經(jīng))去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾經(jīng))去過(guò)上海。比較have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetoHewenttoShanghailastweek.

他(曾經(jīng))到/去過(guò)上海

[在他人生中曾經(jīng)有過(guò)這樣的經(jīng)歷,但他人現(xiàn)在肯定不是在上海而是回來(lái)了]他已經(jīng)去上海了

[也許剛動(dòng)身出發(fā),也許已經(jīng)到了,也許還在路上,反正他人不在這里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今為止已經(jīng)10年了[現(xiàn)在還在上海沒(méi)有離開(kāi)呢]辨析這些句子由時(shí)態(tài)導(dǎo)致的含義上的差別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)詞義可分為兩種,一種是延續(xù)性的,一種是終止性的,終止性動(dòng)詞(也可稱(chēng)為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,瞬間動(dòng)詞,或點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞),如begin,start,die,buy,leave,come等,表示動(dòng)作的發(fā)生與結(jié)束于一瞬間完成,不能再延續(xù),所以它的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示延續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,即不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句連用,也不能用在howlong引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句注意:瞬間動(dòng)詞不能和時(shí)間段連用.

瞬間動(dòng)詞joinbegin/startborrowfinish/endarrive/comeleavediebuy··········初中英語(yǔ)課本中常見(jiàn)終止性動(dòng)詞有:leave,go,come,arrive,begin,buy,borrow,die,join,become等.終止性動(dòng)詞要表示持續(xù)時(shí),可用以下方法:

⑴.將時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)改為時(shí)間段+ago,句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí).

eg.我弟弟參軍兩年了.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.

⑵.若保留for+時(shí)間段,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句,或用在howlong句型中,則需將終止性動(dòng)詞改為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞或延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常見(jiàn)終止性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞(或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞)的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如下:come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------bein/at

open-----beopen

die------bedead

close----beclosed

become---be

borrow---keep

begin/start-----beon

puton----wearleave-----beaway(from)

buy-----have

fallasleep----beasleepend/finish-----beover

catchacold-----haveacold

jointhearmy----beinthearmy/beasoldier

jointheParty----beintheParty/beaPartymember1.Hedied10yearsago.---He____________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---He________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---He________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---He________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---Thelight____________for2hours.hasbeendeadhaskepthashadhasbeenhasbeenon延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換6.Helefthere2yearsago.---He____________fromherefor2years.7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.---Thefilm____________for30minutes.8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.---Thedoor____________foranhour.10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.---He________________forayear.---He____________thearmyforayear.---It____ayearsincehejoinedthearmy.hasbeenawayhasbeenonhasbeenopenhasbeenclosedhasbeenasoldierhasbeeninis初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞不規(guī)則

AAA型：costcostcostcutcutcutputputputreadreadreadsetsetsetshutshutshuthithithithurthurthurtletletletABB型：原形→aught/ought→aught/oughtcatchcaughtcaughtteachtaughttaughtbringbroughtbroughtbuyboughtboughtthinkthoughtthought(2)原形→元音變化→元音變化sitsatsatmeetmetmetfindfoundfoundgetgotgotstandstoodstoodunderstandunderstoodunderstoodwinwonwonholdheldheldshineshoneshonedigdugdughanghung/hangedhung/hanged原形→“…t”→“…t”loselostlostbuildbuiltbuiltsendsentsentspendspentspentsmellsmeltsmeltfeelfeltfeltmeanmeantmeantlendlentlentlearnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned原形→“…d”→“…d”hearheardheardmakemademadehave(has)hadhadpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaidlaylaidlaidsellsoldsoldtelltoldtold(5)“ee/ea”→“e..t”→“e..t”sleepsleptsleptsweepsweptsweptkeepkeptkeptleaveleftleftABC型：(1)原形→變形→原+en/nebe(am,is)wasbeenbe(are)werebeenseesawseendodiddonegowentgonebeatbeatbeateneatateeatengivegavegivenhidehidhiddenfallfellfallenmistakemistookmistakentaketooktakendrivedrovedrivenriseroserisenrideroderiddenwritewrotewritten原形→“-o-”→“過(guò)去式-n”breakbrokebrokenspeakspokespokenchoosechosec