《MATLAB與仿真系統(tǒng)課程設計》

PAGEPAGE2自動化專業(yè)課程設計報告《MATLAB與仿真系統(tǒng)課程設計》班級姓名學號時間2010.12.13-2010.12.17地點電信實驗中心軟件機房指導教師鄧長輝大連海洋大學信息工程學院自動化教研PAGE19-大連海洋大學課程設計報告紙學院(系):專業(yè)班級:姓名:學號:圖像與動畫一、課程設計的目的與要求1、課程設計目的：（1）進一步理解和消化書本知識，運用所學知識和技能進行簡單的設計。（2）通過課程設計提高應用能力，為專業(yè)課的學習打下基礎。（3）培養(yǎng)查閱資料的習慣,訓練和提高獨立思考和解決問題的能力。（4）通過命令的調用來顯示磁盤目錄下的某個圖像；完成簡單動畫的制作，結合GUI可視化程序設計培養(yǎng)知識綜合運用能力和技巧。2、課程設計要求從課程設計的目的出發(fā)，通過設計工作的各個環(huán)節(jié)，達到以下要求：（1）能夠正確理解課程設計的題目和意義，全面思考問題。（2）運用科學合理的方法，認真按時完成。二、課程設計課題的分析MATLAB提供了一種能力，它可以存儲一系列各種類型的二維或三維圖，然后像放電影一樣把它們按次序重放出來。在某種意義上，動畫提供的運動為圖形增加另一個維數(shù)。通常圖形的次序不必以任意的方式關聯(lián)起來。一種明顯的動畫類型是取出三維圖形然后緩慢地將它旋轉，這樣我們就可以從不同角度來觀察它。另一種類型是當一個參數(shù)變化時，依次顯示某些問題解的圖形。MATLAB中的函數(shù)moviein，getframe和movie提供了捕捉和播放動畫的所需工具。函數(shù)moviein可以產生一個幀矩陣來存放動畫中的幀；函數(shù)getframe對當前的圖像進行快照；而函數(shù)movie按順序回放各幀。照這樣，捕捉和回放動畫的方法是：（1）創(chuàng)建幀矩陣；（2）對動畫中的每一幀生成圖形，并把它捕捉到到幀矩陣里；（3）從幀矩陣里回放動畫。1、結合本身所學知識以及課程設計要求，確立自我方案的整體設計整體設計一個可視化模塊，該模塊分圖像顯示模塊和動畫播放模塊。圖像顯示模塊主要是用來顯示磁盤目錄下的某個圖片；動畫播放模塊主要是用來播放動畫。2、對整體方案進行劃分，分模塊對各個小問題進行解決圖片顯示模塊：在MATLAB中鍵入所需代碼，使其能夠調用磁盤目錄下的圖片文檔；動畫播放模塊：在MATLAB中鍵入所需代碼，使其能夠播放動畫；GUI的設計：建立一個GUI的模板，使其能都搭載圖片顯示模塊和動畫播放模塊。3、對各個模塊進行整合，使其工作三、課程設計的內容與安排通過編程顯示磁盤目錄下的圖像文件，對GUI中的CALLBACK進行編程，使其能夠完成調用圖片這一功能；編程實現(xiàn)不斷變化的圖形，該圖為自己繪制，且觀賞價值高。時間安排參考如下教學時間安排教學安排周一布置任務，查閱資料周二設計周三設計周四仿真、調試周五驗收、總結報告四、課程設計的步驟1、圖片顯示模塊的設計。圖片顯示模塊是為了在MATLAB中顯示本地磁盤中的圖片文檔而建立的一個模塊打開MATLAB程序，在彈出的“commandwindow”窗口中鍵入以下代碼：%=======================照片讀取=================================[x,cmap]=imread('E:\picture\走走走\100815\DSC00285.JPG');image(x);colormap(cmap);axisimageoff該段代碼調用的是本地磁盤E:\picture\走走走\100815\目錄的下DSC00285.JPG圖片文檔2、動畫播放模塊的設計動畫播放模塊是為了在MATLAB環(huán)境下繪制和播放動畫而建立的一個模塊打開MATLAB編輯器，在空白處鍵入以下代碼：（1）.布朗運動的代碼%=====================布朗運動==================================n=50;%指定布朗運動的點數(shù)s=0.02;%指定溫度或速率%產生n個隨機點(x,y),處于-0.5到0.5之間%==================================x=rand(n,1)-0.5;y=rand(n,1)-0.5;h=plot(x,y,'.');%繪制隨機點axis([-11-11]);axissquareshadinginterpgridoffset(h,'EraseMode','Xor','MarkerSize',20);%設置擦除模式為Xor%循環(huán)5000次，產生動畫效果%==================================fori=linspace(1,10,5000)drawnowx=x+s*randn(n,1);%在坐標點附近添加隨機噪聲y=y+s*randn(n,1);set(h,'XData',x,'YData',y);%通過改變數(shù)據(jù)屬性來重新繪圖end（2）.球體運動動畫的代碼%==============================小球運動========================fill([6,7,7,6],[5,5,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%右邊豎條的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性fill([2,6,6,2],[3,3,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%左邊豎條的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性t1=0:pi/60:pi;plot(4-2*sin(t1-pi/2),5-2*cos(t1-pi/2));%繪制中間的凹弧圖形grid;%添加網(wǎng)格線axis([0,9,0,9]);%定義坐標軸的比例axis('off');%關閉所有軸標注，標記，背景fill([1,2,2,1],[5,5,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%中間長方形的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性title('Sphere');%定義圖題x0=6;y0=5;head1=line(x0,y0,'color','b','linestyle','.',...'erasemode','xor','markersize',30);head2=line(x0,y0,'color','b','linestyle','.',...'erasemode','xor','markersize',50);%設置小球顏色,大小,線條的擦拭方式t=0;%設置小球的初始值dt=0.001;%設置運動周期t1=0;%設置大球的初始值dt1=0.001;while1%條件表達式t=t+dt;x1=9-1*t;y1=5;x3=6;y3=5;ift>0x2=6;y2=5;%設置小球的運動軌跡endift>2.8t=t+dt;a=sin(t-3);x1=6.1;y1=5.1;x3=4-2*sin(1.5*a);y3=5-2*cos(1.5*a);%設置大球的運動軌跡endset(head1,'xdata',x1,'ydata',y1);%設置球的運動set(head2,'xdata',x3,'ydata',y3);drawnow;endguide3、GUI的設計建立一個GUI的模板，使其能都搭載圖片顯示模塊和動畫播放模塊（1）打開MATLAB軟件，在彈出的“commandwindow”中鍵入：guide回車，彈出如圖1：圖1.GUI設計啟動窗口（2）選擇“BlankGUI(Default)”點擊“OK”按鈕進入GUI編輯窗口，如圖2：圖2.GUI編輯窗口（3）添加組件。組件名稱數(shù)量StringTagFrontSizeaxespushbutton14——BrownianSpherePictureQuitaxes1BT_BrownianBT_SphereBT_PictureShowBT_Quit10.010.010.010.010.0表1.組件列表及部分屬性設置圖3.組件的擺放在GUI界面內添加組件如圖3所示，在修改完部分屬性以后界面如圖5所示，修改界面如圖4所示。圖4.屬性編輯欄圖5.屬性修改完后的GUI界面（4）菜單欄的設置（這里不添加默認的菜單欄，即GUI界面的MenuBar屬性設置為none）圖6.菜單欄的編輯為菜單欄添加組件組件清單如表2所示，組件添加如圖7所示圖7.菜單欄的修改名稱數(shù)量LabelTagAcceleratorNewMenNewMenuItemu46FileBackColorHelpAbouBrownianSpherePictureShowExitYellowRedNM_FileNM_BackColorNM_HelpNM_AboutNMI_BrownianNMI_SphereNMI_PictureShowNMI_ExitNMI_YellowNMI_RedCtrl+BCtrl+SCtrl+PCtrl+E表2.菜單欄的部分屬性設置（5）其余設置GUI界面的Tag屬性設為“CourseExercise”中文意思為“課程設計”4、代碼的添加以及模塊的組合封裝按鈕Quit功能實現(xiàn)：%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_Quit.functionBT_Quit_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_Quit(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_Quit>=================================================================close(gcf)%</BT_Quit>================================================================注：個人習慣在自己添加的代碼處添加注釋頭文件%<>========尾文件%</>========按鈕Brownian功能實現(xiàn)：%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_Brownian.functionBT_Brownian_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_Brownian(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_Brownian>=============================================================%=====================布朗運動==================================n=50;%指定布朗運動的點數(shù)s=0.02;%指定溫度或速率%產生n個隨機點(x,y),處于-0.5到0.5之間%==================================x=rand(n,1)-0.5;y=rand(n,1)-0.5;h=plot(x,y,'.');%繪制隨機點axis([-11-11]);axissquareshadinginterpgridoffset(h,'EraseMode','Xor','MarkerSize',20);%設置擦除模式為Xor%循環(huán)5000次，產生動畫效果%==================================fori=linspace(1,10,5000)drawnowx=x+s*randn(n,1);%在坐標點附近添加隨機噪聲y=y+s*randn(n,1);set(h,'XData',x,'YData',y);%通過改變數(shù)據(jù)屬性來重新繪圖end%</BT_Brownian>============================================================按鍵Sphere功能實現(xiàn)：%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_Sphere.functionBT_Sphere_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_Sphere(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_Sphere>===============================================================%==============================小球運動========================fill([6,7,7,6],[5,5,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%右邊豎條的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性fill([2,6,6,2],[3,3,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%左邊豎條的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性t1=0:pi/60:pi;plot(4-2*sin(t1-pi/2),5-2*cos(t1-pi/2));%繪制中間的凹弧圖形grid;%添加網(wǎng)格線axis([0,9,0,9]);%定義坐標軸的比例axis('off');%關閉所有軸標注，標記，背景fill([1,2,2,1],[5,5,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%中間長方形的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性title('Sphere');%定義圖題x0=6;y0=5;head1=line(x0,y0,'color','b','linestyle','.',...'erasemode','xor','markersize',30);head2=line(x0,y0,'color','b','linestyle','.',...'erasemode','xor','markersize',50);%設置小球顏色,大小,線條的擦拭方式t=0;%設置小球的初始值dt=0.001;%設置運動周期t1=0;%設置大球的初始值dt1=0.001;while1%條件表達式t=t+dt;x1=9-1*t;y1=5;x3=6;y3=5;ift>0x2=6;y2=5;%設置小球的運動軌跡endift>2.8t=t+dt;a=sin(t-3);x1=6.1;y1=5.1;x3=4-2*sin(1.5*a);y3=5-2*cos(1.5*a);%設置大球的運動軌跡endset(head1,'xdata',x1,'ydata',y1);%設置球的運動set(head2,'xdata',x3,'ydata',y3);drawnow;end%</BT_Sphere>==============================================================按鈕PictureShow功能實現(xiàn)：%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_PictureShow.functionBT_PictureShow_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_PictureShow(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_PictureShow>==========================================================%=======================照片讀取=================================[x,cmap]=imread('E:\picture\走走走\100815\DSC00285.JPG');image(x);colormap(cmap);axisimageoff%</BT_PictureShow>=========================================================顏色的實現(xiàn)：%functionNMI_Red_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoNMI_Red(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%=========================================set(handles.CourseExercise,'color','r');%背景色為紅色%=========================================%functionUntitled_3_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoUntitled_3(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%functionNMI_Yellow_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoNMI_Yellow(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%=========================================set(handles.CourseExercise,'color','y');%背景色為黃色%=========================================五、課程設計的結果程序所有代碼為：functionvarargout=CourseExercise(varargin)%COURSEEXERCISEM-fileforCourseExercise.fig%COURSEEXERCISE,byitself,createsanewCOURSEEXERCISEorraisestheexisting%singleton*.%%H=COURSEEXERCISEreturnsthehandletoanewCOURSEEXERCISEorthehandleto%theexistingsingleton*.%%COURSEEXERCISE('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...)callsthelocal%functionnamedCALLBACKinCOURSEEXERCISE.Mwiththegiveninputarguments.%%COURSEEXERCISE('Property','Value',...)createsanewCOURSEEXERCISEorraisesthe%existingsingleton*.Startingfromtheleft,propertyvaluepairsare%appliedtotheGUIbeforeCourseExercise_OpeningFunctiongetscalled.An%unrecognizedpropertynameorinvalidvaluemakespropertyapplication%stop.AllinputsarepassedtoCourseExercise_OpeningFcnviavarargin.%%*SeeGUIOptionsonGUIDE'sToolsmenu.Choose"GUIallowsonlyone%instancetorun(singleton)".%%Seealso:GUIDE,GUIDATA,GUIHANDLES%Copyright2002-2003TheMathWorks,Inc.%EdittheabovetexttomodifytheresponsetohelpCourseExercise%LastModifiedbyGUIDEv2.516-Dec-201022:35:39%Begininitializationcode-DONOTEDITgui_Singleton=1;gui_State=struct('gui_Name',mfilename,...'gui_Singleton',gui_Singleton,...'gui_OpeningFcn',@CourseExercise_OpeningFcn,...'gui_OutputFcn',@CourseExercise_OutputFcn,...'gui_LayoutFcn',[],...'gui_Callback',[]);ifnargin&&ischar(varargin{1})gui_State.gui_Callback=str2func(varargin{1});endifnargout[varargout{1:nargout}]=gui_mainfcn(gui_State,varargin{:});elsegui_mainfcn(gui_State,varargin{:});end%Endinitializationcode-DONOTEDIT%ExecutesjustbeforeCourseExerciseismadevisible.functionCourseExercise_OpeningFcn(hObject,eventdata,handles,varargin)%Thisfunctionhasnooutputargs,seeOutputFcn.%hObjecthandletofigure%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%varargincommandlineargumentstoCourseExercise(seeVARARGIN)%ChoosedefaultcommandlineoutputforCourseExercisehandles.output=hObject;%Updatehandlesstructureguidata(hObject,handles);%UIWAITmakesCourseExercisewaitforuserresponse(seeUIRESUME)%uiwait(handles.figure1);%Outputsfromthisfunctionarereturnedtothecommandline.functionvarargout=CourseExercise_OutputFcn(hObject,eventdata,handles)%varargoutcellarrayforreturningoutputargs(seeVARARGOUT);%hObjecthandletofigure%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%Getdefaultcommandlineoutputfromhandlesstructurevarargout{1}=handles.output;%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_Brownian.functionBT_Brownian_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_Brownian(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_Brownian>=============================================================%=====================布朗運動==================================n=50;%指定布朗運動的點數(shù)s=0.02;%指定溫度或速率%產生n個隨機點(x,y),處于-0.5到0.5之間%==================================x=rand(n,1)-0.5;y=rand(n,1)-0.5;h=plot(x,y,'.');%繪制隨機點axis([-11-11]);axissquareshadinginterpgridoffset(h,'EraseMode','Xor','MarkerSize',20);%設置擦除模式為Xor%循環(huán)5000次，產生動畫效果%==================================fori=linspace(1,10,5000)drawnowx=x+s*randn(n,1);%在坐標點附近添加隨機噪聲y=y+s*randn(n,1);set(h,'XData',x,'YData',y);%通過改變數(shù)據(jù)屬性來重新繪圖end%</BT_Brownian>============================================================%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_Sphere.functionBT_Sphere_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_Sphere(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_Sphere>===============================================================%==============================小球運動========================fill([6,7,7,6],[5,5,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%右邊豎條的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性fill([2,6,6,2],[3,3,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%左邊豎條的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性t1=0:pi/60:pi;plot(4-2*sin(t1-pi/2),5-2*cos(t1-pi/2));%繪制中間的凹弧圖形grid;%添加網(wǎng)格線axis([0,9,0,9]);%定義坐標軸的比例axis('off');%關閉所有軸標注，標記，背景fill([1,2,2,1],[5,5,0,0],[0,0.5,0]);%中間長方形的填充holdon;%保持當前圖形及軸系的所有特性title('Sphere');%定義圖題x0=6;y0=5;head1=line(x0,y0,'color','b','linestyle','.',...'erasemode','xor','markersize',30);head2=line(x0,y0,'color','b','linestyle','.',...'erasemode','xor','markersize',50);%設置小球顏色,大小,線條的擦拭方式t=0;%設置小球的初始值dt=0.001;%設置運動周期t1=0;%設置大球的初始值dt1=0.001;while1%條件表達式t=t+dt;x1=9-1*t;y1=5;x3=6;y3=5;ift>0x2=6;y2=5;%設置小球的運動軌跡endift>2.8t=t+dt;a=sin(t-3);x1=6.1;y1=5.1;x3=4-2*sin(1.5*a);y3=5-2*cos(1.5*a);%設置大球的運動軌跡endset(head1,'xdata',x1,'ydata',y1);%設置球的運動set(head2,'xdata',x3,'ydata',y3);drawnow;end%</BT_Sphere>==============================================================%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_PictureShow.functionBT_PictureShow_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_PictureShow(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_PictureShow>==========================================================%=======================照片讀取=================================[x,cmap]=imread('E:\picture\走走走\100815\DSC00285.JPG');image(x);colormap(cmap);axisimageoff%</BT_PictureShow>=========================================================%ExecutesonbuttonpressinBT_Quit.functionBT_Quit_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoBT_Quit(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%<BT_Quit>=================================================================close(gcf)%</BT_Quit>================================================================%functionNMI_Brownian_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoNMI_Brownian(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%functionNMI_Sphere_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoNMI_Sphere(seeGCBO)%eventdatareserved-tobedefinedinafutureversionofMATLAB%handlesstructurewithhandlesanduserdata(seeGUIDATA)%functionNMI_PictureShow_Callback(hObject,eventdata,handles)%hObjecthandletoNMI