反義疑問句與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

新目標(biāo)高中語(yǔ)法之反意疑問句與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、前面句子為肯定時(shí)，后面反意問句用否定。反，前面句子為否定時(shí)，后面句子用肯定。Eg:Hecan'tswim,canhe?注：當(dāng)前面句子中有no/never/seldom/hardly/few/littlenowhere/nothing等否定意義的副詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，反意問句應(yīng)用肯定。但如果前面句子中有加前綴或后綴后，而表示否定意義的詞時(shí)(如careless,impossible等時(shí))，反意問句應(yīng)用否定。Eg:1)Heseldomgoestoseeafilm,?2)Heisalwayscareless,?二、當(dāng)前面句子中有have(has/had)to時(shí)，反意問句應(yīng)用do的相應(yīng)的形式。Eg:Theyhadtoleaveearly,?三、當(dāng)前面句子中有usedto時(shí)，后面應(yīng)用usedn’t…或didn’t…eg:Heusedtoliveinthecountryside,?四、當(dāng)前面句子中有oughtto時(shí)，應(yīng)用oughtn't…五、當(dāng)前面句子中，有must時(shí)，在must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，不用mustn't,而根據(jù)句子所表示的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)確定。Eg:1)Youmustbetired,?Hemusthavedoneitlastnight,?TommusthavebeentoShanghaibefore,?.在must表示禁止時(shí)，應(yīng)用mustn't.eg:Youmustn;twalkongrass,?.在must表示有必要時(shí)，應(yīng)用needn't.eg:Youmustgohomerightnow,?六、當(dāng)前面句子的主語(yǔ)是everyone/everybody/nobody/one/none等不定代詞時(shí)，反意問句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用they;當(dāng)前面句子的主語(yǔ)是something/everything/nothing等不定代詞時(shí)，反意問句的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用比七、當(dāng)主句為祁使句時(shí)，一般情況：1)肯定的祁使句：willyou/won'tyou?a)表示要求某人做某事時(shí)：willyou?b)表示征求某人意見時(shí)：won'tyou?2)否定的祁使句：willyou?特例：Letusgooutforawalk,?Let’sgooutforawalk,?八、當(dāng)主句存在否前移時(shí)，反意問句應(yīng)根據(jù)從句的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱，主句的肯否定。Eg:Idon’tthinkhecanfinishhishomeworkintime,?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一、一般疑問句中幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的問與答1.NeedI/he/…？1.Yes,you/he/…must.（不用need）."MustI/he/…？--No,you/he/…needn't/don't（doesn't,won't）haveto.（不用mustn’t）.”-MayI/he/…?“No,you/he/…mustn't.（少用maynot）4.."Could（Can）you…？“Yes,Ican（不用could）51ShallI/she/he…?--No,you（she,he）needn't/can't/mustn't二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表“推測(cè)”.can,may,must使用的句式：1)肯定陳述句中：must表“肯定、必定、一定"意，may/might表“也許，或許”意。2)否定陳述句中：can’t/couldn't表“不可能”意，maynot/mightnot表“也許不、可能不”意。3)疑問句中：只能用can或could,不能用must,may或might。注意：表推測(cè)的could,might并不是指過(guò)去時(shí)間，而是表示比can,may把握性略小些的情況。.對(duì)目前狀態(tài)的推測(cè)：1)must/may/might/can/could+be+表語(yǔ)例如：Shemustbeateacher.她肯定是老師。Shecan’t/couldn’tbeadoctor.她肯定不是醫(yī)生。Hemaynot/mightnotbeadoctor.他可能不是醫(yī)生。2)must/may/might/can/couldH—^些不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞(如:have,exist,live,like,hate,own,belongto等)例如：Shemusthaveherowncar,forshehasalotofmoney.Thatkindofbirdmayliveinthevalleys..對(duì)目前正在發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)：句式：must/may/might/can/could+bedoing例如：Theymustbewaitingforus.他們肯定正在等我們。Shemay/mightbedoingherhomework.她可能正在做作業(yè)。Can/Couldhebeplayingfootball?他會(huì)正在踢足球嗎？4.對(duì)已發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)：句式：must/may/might/can/could+havedone例如：There'snoligntintheroom.Theymusthavegonetobed./Sheknowsnothingaboutthefilm.Shecan't/couldn'thaveseenit./Can/Couldhehavebeenadoctor?/Hemay/might(not)havebeenateacher./TheymusthavebeenwatchingTVatninelastnight./Can/CouldshehavestayedinBeijinglastyear?注意：willhavedone句式也可表“肯定/可能已經(jīng)…”推測(cè)意。例如：Hewillhavelearnedadvancedmathematics,forheknowsalotaboutit.他肯定/可能學(xué)過(guò)高等數(shù)學(xué)，因?yàn)樗麑?duì)此懂得很多。三、"情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”用法1.should/oughtto+havedone,意“本應(yīng)該…”，含有責(zé)備或后悔意。例如：Youshouldhavecomeherealittleearlier./Ioughttohavesenthimtoschool./2.shouldn't/oughtn'tto+havedone,意“本不應(yīng)該”，含有責(zé)備或后悔意。例如：Youshouldn'thavewateredtheflower./IoughtiJttohavescoldedherforsuchasmallthing.3.mighthavedone,意“過(guò)去可能做"；couldhavedone意“本能夠做”，兩者都含有委婉批評(píng)或遺憾之意，也可表對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)。例如：HemighthavegonetoNanjingwithProfessorWang.lastweek,buthewasill.上星期他本可以和王教授一起去南京的，可他病了。Wecouldhavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.我們本來(lái)是能夠提前完成工作的。四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在反意疑問句中的用法.“肯定祈使句+附加問句”結(jié)構(gòu)，附加問句常用will/would/won'tyou形式。例如：Standstill,will/would/won'tyou?.“否定祈使句+附加問句”結(jié)構(gòu)，附加問句常用will/wouldyou形式。例如：Don'twatchTV,will/wouldyou?.Let's…，shallwe?;Letus…，will/won'tyou?.含有must句子的反意問句1)must表示"必須”時(shí)，附加部分常用needn't,也可用mustn't.例如：Hemustgowithyou,needi?t/mustn'the?2）mustn‘t表"一定不能”時(shí)，附加部分用may.例如：Shemustn,tleave,mayshe?3）must表“一定、想必”推測(cè)意時(shí)，附加部分主要有下列幾種形式：A.Hemustbeanengineer,isn‘the?Theymustbewritingnow,aren,tthey?（這類句子問句前部分含“mustbe…”或“mustbedoing…"。）B.Shemusthaveacar/livethere,doesn‘tshe?C.Hemusthaveseenthefilm,hasn,the？（這類句子問句前部分的謂語(yǔ)為musthavedone,句子無(wú)具體過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。）D.Hemusthaveseenthefilmlastweek,didr?the?（這類句子問句前面部分的謂語(yǔ)為musthavedone,句子有具體過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。）E.Mothermusthavebeenshoppingthen,wasn‘tshe?（前面部分謂語(yǔ)為musthavebeendoingo）.含有may表推測(cè)的句子，其反意問句形式與must表推測(cè)的反意問句形式相似。例如：Shemayhavefinishedherhomework,hasn‘tshe?五、幾組詞語(yǔ)辨析.must與haveto:must強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話者的主觀看法，haveto強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要，表示“不必”意要用needn,t或don,t/didn,t/won,thaveto,不能用mustn,to.can/could與beableto:can多用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)，也可用于將來(lái)時(shí)，could只用于過(guò)去時(shí)，beableto可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。表示“過(guò)去經(jīng)過(guò)努力而做成（或沒做成）”要用was/were（not）ableto,而不用could（not）o例如：Heworkedhard,buthewasn'tabletopasstheexam..will,would,usedto:都可表“習(xí)慣”意。①will表示不受時(shí)間限制的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。如：Fishwilldieoutofwater./SheJllsitforhourswithoutsayinganything.②would表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，但不涉及與現(xiàn)在情況的對(duì)比。如：Hewouldwalkbytheriverinthemorning.注意：would后不能跟表狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。例如不能說(shuō)Hewouldbelateforschoollastyear.③usedto表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但這種習(xí)慣現(xiàn)在已不存在了。如：Heusedtogetupearly.Heusedtobelateforschool.一、反意疑問句練習(xí)IfyouwanttolearnaboutLiuXiang,letmeknow,you?A.don,t B.will C.shall D.doMrs.Blackdoesn,tbelievesomanypeoplearesufferingfromthistsunami,?A.aren,tthey B.aretheyC.doesn,tshe D.doessheIdon'tthinkhecouldhavedonesuchastupidthinglastnight,?A.doI B.couldhe C.didhe D.hashe WhyisTomabsent?—Hemustbesick,?A.isn'the B.musthe C.ishe D.mustn,theIt,sthefirsttimethatshehasbeentotheUnitedStates,?A.isn,tshe B.isn,titC.hasn,tshe D.hasn,titWhenthedisasterstruck,manypeoplehadnotimetoescapebeingkilled,?A.didn,tthey B.didtheyC.didit D.didn,titNowadaysinChinasomeofficersareunfitfortheirpositions,?A.arethey B.aren,ttheyC.don,tthey D.dotheyProtectingtheSouthChinatigerfromdyingouttakesalongtime,?A.doesn,tit B.don,ttheyC.doesit D.dotheyYou,dbetterfindsomeinformationaboutNike's“ChamberofFear”advertisement,?A.wouldn,tyou B.hadyouC.hadn’tyou D.shouldyouMoststudentsusedtolistentotheirteachersinclassandcompletelyobeytheirteachers,'A.usedthey B.weren,ttheyC.didn,tthey D.didtheyIamveryexcitedtoknow"S.H.E.”isgoingtosingattheCCTVSpringFestivalSoiree,?A.aren,tI B.amnotIC.aren,tyou D.areyouIwishalltheChinesecitizenstoremembertheNanjingMassacreforever,?A.don,tI B.canI C.mayI D.mayyouLet'stakeactiontogethertomakeourcitymorebeautiful,?A.won,twe B.don,twe C.shallwe D.won,tyouThere,snotmuchnewsaboutthemissingmountainclimbersintoday,snewspaper,?A.isn,tit B.isit C.isn,tthereD.isthereSoyoudon,twanttoenterforthe2005collegeentranceexamination,?A.don,tyou B.doyouC.won,tyou D.willyouWhataterribletsunami,?A.aren,tthey B.aretheyC.isn,tit D.isitEveryonewillbelieveNewFIFAWorldFootballerRonaldinhoisafighteragainstracism,'A.willhe B.won,teveryoneC.won,the D.willtheyTherescueteammusthavesearchedforthemissingvisitorstwodaysago,?A.mustn,tthey B.haven,ttheyC.didn,tthey D.hadn,ttheySomethingaboutstoppingthestrikewillhavetobedone,?A.won,tit B.willit C.hasit D.doesit二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)Ididn,tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustn,thavespoken B.shouldn,thavespokenC.needn,thavespoken D.couldn,thavespokenOneoughtforwhatonehasn'tdone.A.nottobepunished B.tonotbepunishedC.tonotpunished D.notbepunishedIfyoureallywantyourselftobeingoodhealth,youmustalwayssomuch.A.not;besmoking B.not;havesmokedC.not;tosmoke D.benot;smokingWithsomuchworkonhand,youtoseethegamelastnight.A.mustn,tgoB.shouldn,tgoC.couldn,thavegoneD.shouldn,thavegoneMostofthestudentsfeltratherdisappointedattheEnglishparty.Theysaythatitbetterorganized.A.hadbeenB.hadtobeC.musthavebeenD.couldhavebeenI,msurprisedthatheintheexam.A.shouldfailB.wouldhavefailedC.mayhavefailedD.shouldhavefailedThelittlegirltherealone.A.notdaregoB.daresnotgoC.darenotgoD.darenottogo“Mustwedoitnow?”“No,you.”A.won’t B.needn,t C.canyt D.don,tHesaidhewouldrathernotitrightnow.A.doingB.todo C.do D.tobedoingYOutothemeetingthisafternoonifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo.A.needn,ttocomeB.don,tneedcomeC.don,tneedcomingD.needn,tcomePutonmoreclothes.Youbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.can B.could C.would D.mustIplayfootballthanbaseball.A.wouldratherB.hadbetterC.likebetterD.preferIthoughtyoulikesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.A.may B.might C.could D.mustTherewasplentyoftimes.She.A.mustn'thavehurried B.couldn'thavehurriedC.mustnothurry D.needn,thavehurriedTheplantisdead.Iitmorewater.A.willgiveB.wouldhavegivenC.mustgiveD.shouldhavegivenYoureturnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.A.can,t B.mustn,t C.needn,t D.maynotIt,sstillearly,you.A.mustn,thurry B.wouldn,thurry C.maynothurry D.don,thavetohurryPleaseopenthewindow,?A.can,tyou B.aren,tyou C.doyou D.willyouWeforherbecauseshenevercame.A.mustn,thavewaited B.shouldn,thavewaitedC.mustn,twait D.needn,twait—MayIstophere?—No,you.A.mustn,t B.mightnot C.needn,t D.won,tIt,safineday.Let,sgofishing,.A.won,twe B.willwe C.don'twe D.shallweIdidn,tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustn,thavespoken B.shouldn,thavespokenC.needn,thavespoken D.couldn,thavespoken—Pleasedon,tmakeanoise.—.I’llbeasquietasamouse.A.Yes,Iwoift B.No,Iwon,t C.No,IwillD.Yes,IwillTheyoungmanhasmadesomuchnoisethathenothavebeenallowedtoattendtheconcert.A.could B.must C.would D.should—WhereisJohn?—Heinthelibrary.A.shouldbe B.mustbe C.canbe D.musthavebeenSincetheroadiswetthismorning,lastnight.A.itmustrain B.itmustberainingC.itmusthaverained D.itmusthavebeenrain-Willyourbrotherstayhometonight?—I'mnotquitesure.Hetothecinematonight.A.mustgo B.cango C.maygo D.maybegoingShe,salreadytwohourslate.Whattoher?A.canhavehappened B.mayhavehappenedC.shouldhavehappened D.musthappen

Youmustbeawriter,?A.mustn,tyou B.areyouC.mustyou D.aren,tyouIgotupearlythatmorning,butIsobecauseIhadnoworktodo.A.mustn,thavedone B.didn,tneedtodoD.can'thavedoneC.needn,thavedoneD.can'thavedoneHehavecomehereyesterday,buthedidnft.D.alltheaboveD.hadtoD.alltheaboveD.hadtoD.bothAandBImissedthelastbus,soIgohomeonfoot.A.must B.haveto C.mayHeoughttowinthefirstprize,he?A.oughtn,t B.shouldn,tC.mustn'tEveryonedohisbestforthemodernizationsofourcountry.C.shouldD.mightC.shallweD.doyouC.shouldD.mightC.shallweD.doyouC.shallweD.doyouLet,scleanourclassroom,A.willyou B.don,tweLetusplaybasketball,?A.willyou B.don,tweHeaskedmeforthisbookmanytimes.Pleasetellhimthathehaveittomorrow.A.must B.may C.shall D.bothBandC“Yourphonenumberagain?Iquitecatchit”“It,s9568442.”A.didn,t B.couldn,t C.don,t D.can,tMotherusstorieswhenwewerechildren.A.wasusedtotellB.isusedtotellingC.usedtotellD.usedtotellingShewouldrathermoremoneyonbooksonclothes.A.cost.??not B.tospare.??don,t C.pay.??thanD.spend???thanD.don,thaveto=needn'tD.will用在第二人稱的疑問句中，為詢問（或征求）對(duì)方的意愿或向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求之意。B.shouldnothavedone表示“過(guò)去不應(yīng)該做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“責(zé)備”、“勸告”，“批評(píng)”之意。A.may開頭的疑問句，否定答語(yǔ)常用mustn't。D.疑問句中shall用于第一、三人稱，用來(lái)征詢對(duì)方的意見。D.推測(cè)“她不可能在會(huì)上發(fā)言"，must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，不能用于否定句中。B.will在此處表示“意志（向）”。D.shouldnothavedone表示“過(guò)去不應(yīng)該做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“責(zé)備”、“勸告”，“批評(píng)”之意。B.mustdo表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測(cè)。C.musthavedone用于對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)，且較有把握。C.表示推測(cè)時(shí)，must比may語(yǔ)氣肯定。A.can表推測(cè)，只用于否定句和疑問句中。D.must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，其后的反意問句有兩種情況：①對(duì)現(xiàn)存狀態(tài)（現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)）進(jìn)行推測(cè)時(shí)，反意疑問句中動(dòng)詞用其一般現(xiàn)在形式。②對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)時(shí)，若有表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，反意問句用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。C.needn’thavedone表示“過(guò)去不必做而做了某事”，若表示“不必做某事（且實(shí)際上未做）”則用“didn,t/don't/doesn,tneedto.”D.A表示“本能夠”，B,C表“本應(yīng)該”。D.haveto表示客觀上要求做某事