高中英語分詞語法(46張)

一、-ing形式作定語（attribute）1.單個(gè)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面,既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能,也可以表示被修飾者的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料drinkingwater=waterfordrinking飲用水a(chǎn)walkingstick=astickforwalking手杖areadingroom=aroomforreading閱覽室awritingdesk=adeskforwriting寫字臺(tái)

tiringmusic=musicthatistiring煩人的音樂asurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising一個(gè)驚人的結(jié)果比較:aswimmingpoolaswimmingboyasleepingcarasleepingbaby2.–ing形式短語作定語時(shí),放在所修飾的名詞之后,并且在意思上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.他們住在一間面朝街的房子。Theman

standing

there

isPeter’sfather.=Theman

who

is

standing

there

isPeter’sfather.站在那兒的那個(gè)人是彼得的父親。Anybodyswimming

in

this

riverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthis

river

willbefined.在這條河里游泳的任何一個(gè)人都會(huì)被罰款。3.-ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句,這時(shí),它與句子其他部分用逗號(hào)分開。如：Hisbrother,working

as

ateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whois

workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.他那個(gè)當(dāng)教師的哥哥住在北京。Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthe

breeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Theappletree,which

wasswaying

gentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.那棵蘋果樹碩果累累,在微風(fēng)中輕輕搖曳。二、過去分詞作定語(Attribute)(1)在句中的位置單個(gè)的過去分詞作定語時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞前面；過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，位于它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。abrokenheartalostdogarisensunanorganizedtripabrokenglass

一顆破碎的心

喪家之犬

已升起的太陽有組織的旅行

被打破的玻璃杯

inthegiventimewiththewordsgivenawantedpersonworkerswantedaconcernedlookthepeopleconcernedbeconcernedwith在既定的時(shí)間內(nèi)用所給的單詞被通緝的人招聘工人關(guān)切的神情有關(guān)人士thechangingworldthechangedworldboilingwaterboiledwaterfadingflowersfadedflowersadevelopingcountryadevelopedcountry（正在變化的）（變化了的）（正在沸騰的）（已經(jīng)沸騰過的）(正在凋謝的)（已經(jīng)凋謝的）(發(fā)展中的)（發(fā)達(dá)的）adrowningmanadrownedmanfallingleaves

fallenleavesaretiredworkeranescapedprisonerreturnedstudents

快要淹死的人已經(jīng)淹死的人正在飄落的樹葉落葉退休工人逃犯歸國留學(xué)生*Heisoneofthoseinvited.*Nothingreported(inthenewspaper)interestedhim.過去分詞修飾something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those等不定代詞時(shí)，要放在這些詞后面。Theexcitedpeoplerushedoutofthebuilding.Theyfoundadamagedcaratthegateofthepark.(2)

所表示的時(shí)間過去分詞作定語時(shí)，所表示的動(dòng)作在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，(或者沒有一定的時(shí)間性)。Theletterpostedyesterdaywillsoonreachhim.比較tobedonebeingdoneHaveyoureadthebookswrittenbytheyoungwriter？

(3)語法功能過去分詞或過去分詞短語作定語時(shí)，其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。

ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.

ThebikewhichhadbeenstolenbelongstoJack.

ThelecturegivenbyProfessorZhangisaboutenvironmentprotection.ThelecturewhichwasgivenbyProfessorZhangisabouttheenvironmentprotection.

Iknowthepeoplebuildingthehousethere.(主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行）Thehousebeingbuiltoverthereisashop.(被動(dòng)、正在建)Thehousebuiltoverthereisashop.（被動(dòng)、已建好）

三、-ing形式作表語(Predicative)-ing形式作表語時(shí)放在系動(dòng)詞之后,用來泛指某種動(dòng)作或行為,以說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)或情況。如：Herhobbyispainting.她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。Myjobislooking

afterthechildren.我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。Hisconcernforhismotherismost

touching.他對(duì)母親的關(guān)愛很感人。Shewasverypleasinginherappearance.常見作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有：

disappointing,puzzling,amusing,frightening,terrifyingexciting,interesting,tiring,confusing,pleasing,discouraging,satisfying,inspiring,worrying等。

四、過去分詞作表語(Predicative)(1)過去分詞作表語時(shí)，多表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。

Thedoorremainedlocked.Shelookeddisappointed.Heseemedquitedelightedatthegoodnews.

常見作表語的過去分詞有：disappointed,drunk,amused,frightened,married,excited,experienced,interested,confused,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,worried等。Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌opaysb.bythehour”計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.-ing作表語與-ed作表語的區(qū)別

Theresultofthetestisdisappointing.

Ifeeldisappointedintheresultofthetest.Thestoryisveryinteresting

Heisinterestedinthebook.Whatasurprising

result!Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid.Competethesentencesusingtherightformofthegivenverb.Ihadnothingtodo.Iwas__________(bore)andlonely.Jacklookedevenmore_______(amaze)thanhefelt.Theresultswerevery_____________(disappoint).Iwasthankedbythe_____________(satisfy)customer.Thegirl___________(dress)inredismydaughter.LastMondayourclasswentonan____________(organise)trip.

bored

amazed

disappointing

satisfied

dressed

organised五、-ing形式和過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語1)位置：常放在賓語后面,-ing形式表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，如：1）Whenwereturnedtotheschool,we

foundastrangerstandingattheentrance.2.Isawmanypeopleinjuredintheaccident.Wefoundthesnakeeatingtheeggs.Wefoundthecakeeatenupbytheboys.Ifoundabaglyingontheground.Ifoundabagputontheground.Thebosskepttheworkersworking

thewholenight.那老板讓工人整夜地工作。3)當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語。如：Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultisfoundverysatisfying.這個(gè)結(jié)果很令人滿意。Ifoundtheboypuzzled.=TheboywasfoundpuzzledTheyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.IheardthesongsunginEnglish=ThesongwasheardsunginEnglish.4).能用分詞形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的幾類動(dòng)詞:表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,常見的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。如：Ifeltsomebodypatting

meontheshoulder.Heobservedthethiefbeatenbythepassengers.5)表示指使意義的動(dòng)詞,常見的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：Iwon’thaveyoudoing

that.Hehadhismoneystolenonthebus.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.Ifoundhimcaughtintherain.Wefoundmanypeopletrappedintheliftsee,hear,feel,watch等動(dòng)詞之后用-ing形式和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別：①前者表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,而后者表示(或強(qiáng)調(diào))動(dòng)作從開始到結(jié)束的全過程。如:Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.我們走過教室,看見老師在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。(只在走過教室的剎那間,看見老師正在做實(shí)驗(yàn))Wesatforanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.我們坐了一個(gè)小時(shí),看老師做實(shí)驗(yàn)。(一個(gè)小時(shí)之內(nèi)一直在看老師作實(shí)驗(yàn))②如果賓語補(bǔ)足語是短暫性動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞不定式短語表示一次動(dòng)作,而-ing形式則表示反復(fù)動(dòng)作。e.g.Weheardthedoorslam.Weheardthedoorslamming.(反復(fù)動(dòng)作)(一次動(dòng)作)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語,分詞必須和句中的主語含有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。但要注意它的各種形式變化:主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式

V-ingbeingV-edhavingV-edhavingbeenV-ed

一般式完成式e.g.Hearingthebell,thestudentsbegantoentertheclassroom.

聽見鈴聲,學(xué)生們開始走進(jìn)教室。(聽見和進(jìn)入兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生)Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisournewlibrary.現(xiàn)在正在建造的這棟樓房室我們的新圖書館。(beingbuilt為現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之中)Havingdonethework,hewenthome.

完成了工作,他就回家了?，F(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語,修飾謂語動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子,表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的原因、時(shí)間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨狀況等?，F(xiàn)在分詞一般不用作表目的地狀語(通常用不定式表目的地狀語)。Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.(=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriendofmine.)Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.(=Whilewaitingforthebus,hereadacopyofChinaDaily.)1)表時(shí)間狀語2)表原因狀語Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.(=ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.)Beingastudent,youshouldstudyhard.(=Sinceyouareastudent,youshouldstudyhard.)既然你是一個(gè)學(xué)生,你就應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。由于想到它或許在家,所以我就給他打了電話。Thinkinghemightbeathome,Icalledhim.(AsIthoughthemightbeathome,Icalledhim.)3)表方式、伴隨情況的狀語:作伴隨狀語的分詞表示的動(dòng)作,必須是主語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,或是與謂語所表示地動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))同時(shí)發(fā)生,或是對(duì)謂語表示的動(dòng)詞(或狀態(tài))作進(jìn)一步地補(bǔ)充說明。e.g.Hesatonthesofa,watchingTV.(=Hesatonthesofa,andwatchedTV.)他們笑著談著走進(jìn)了教室。_____________________,theywentintotheclassroom.他斜靠(lean)著墻站著。Hestoodleaningagainstthewall.(＝Hestoodandleanedagainstthewall.)Laughingandtalking4)表結(jié)果e.g.Hermotherdiedin1990,leavingherwithheryoungerbrother.(=Hermotherdiedin1990,andleftherwithheryoungerbrother.)全國到處在傳唱這首歌曲,使它成了一首最受歡迎的歌曲。Thesongissungalloverthecountry,________________________________.makingitthemostpopularsong5)表?xiàng)l件Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.)一直往前走,你就會(huì)看到一座白色地房子。______________,youwillseeawhitehouse.Walkingahead6)與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格:

Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．我等汽車時(shí),一只鳥落到我頭上。

Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了,他們失望地離開了。

Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果時(shí)間允許,我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。有時(shí)也可用with(without)+名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式。Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。7)作獨(dú)立成分:Judgingfrom(by)hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.從外表看,他一定是個(gè)演員。1.____inthetrafficaccident____takentohospital.A.Aninjured,wasB.Theinjured,hasC.Theinjuring,wereD.Theinjured,havebeen2.The___lookonthegirl’sfacesuggestedthatshe___suchbadnews.A.surprising,wouldexpectB.surprised,shouldexpectC.surprising,shouldn’thavebeenexpectedD.surprised,hadn’texpected3.Thegirl___forwardtobuyinganewgoldwatch.A.referredtolookB.referredtolookingC.referredtolooksD.referringtolooks4.It’sapayday，andtheyarewaiting____.payB.payingC.paidD.tobepaid5.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written6.You’llfindtheword"psychology"____under"P"inyourdictionary.A.havelistedB.listC.listedD.listing7.Whenwereachedthevillage,wesawnewhouses_____up.A.havingbeenputB.puttingC.beingputD.hadput8.Fromthedate___onthegoldcoin,wedecidedthatitwasmadefivehundredyearsago.A.mark