高考定語(yǔ)從句總結(jié)課件教學(xué)內(nèi)容

高考定語(yǔ)從句總結(jié)課件認(rèn)識(shí)關(guān)系副詞Thedayisaspecialday.Iwillneverforgettheday.Shemarriedhimonthatday.Theday__________Iwillneverforgetisaspecialday.Theday__________shemarriedhimisaspecialday.Theday__________shemarriedhimisaspecialday.that/whichonwhichwhen歸納：________________________________________when在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Guilinisabeautifulplace.IvisitedGuilinlastyear.LiuSanjielivedinGuilin.Guilin___________Ivisitedlastyearisabeautifulplace.Guilin__________LiuSanjielivedisabeautifulplace.Guilin__________LiuSanjielivedisabeautifulplace.that/whichinwhichwhere歸納：_______________________________________Where在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。Shegavemethereason.Shewaslateforthereason.Shegavemethereason________shewaslate.forwhichwhyShegavemethereason________shewaslate.歸納：____________________________________Why在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)。區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞that和which關(guān)系代詞的that用法1.不用that的情況a.在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí):b.介詞后不能用.例如:Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2.只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a.在therebe句型中,只用that,不用which.b.在不定代詞,如:anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行詞時(shí),只用that,不用which.c.先行詞有theonly,thevery修飾時(shí),只用thatd.先行詞為序數(shù)詞,數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí),只用thate.先行詞既有人,又有物時(shí)用that.f.先行詞被all,any,every,no,some,little,much等詞修飾時(shí)。as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句由as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。

Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.

Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.

典型例題

1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,___cameasasurprise.

A.it

B.that

C.which

D.he

答案C.此為非限定性從句，不能用that修飾，而用which.，it和he都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。2）Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.it

答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。as和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：(1）as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。(2）as代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。（3）as多用于下列句型：thesame…as,such…as,as…as,asisknown,aswehaveknowAsweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).介詞+關(guān)系詞

1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的"介詞+關(guān)系詞“結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when和where互換。ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?whose+n

表示所屬關(guān)系，可變?yōu)閚+ofwhich/whom，

★表示部分關(guān)系時(shí)，也可用部分關(guān)系詞+ofwhich/whom.Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd.1．

定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系“……的（名詞）”。而同位語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞，如fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。that在定語(yǔ)從句中作成分，可用which或who/whom代替；而that在同位語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用。試比較：易與定語(yǔ)從句混淆的其他復(fù)合句①

Weallhaveheardthenews_________ourteamwon.②

Wedon’tbelievethenews___________hetoldusyesterday.that

(同位語(yǔ)從句，that從句表示news的內(nèi)容，that在從句中不作任何成分)that/which

(定語(yǔ)從句，that作told的賓語(yǔ))2．

定語(yǔ)從句與狀語(yǔ)從句。試比較：①

Heleftthekey___________hehadbeenanhourbefore.②

Helefttheplace___________helivedformanyyears.③

Heissuchagoodteacher____________allofusloveandrespect.where(where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于intheplacewhere)where(where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾theplace)

as

(as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)①

Heissuchagoodteacher_________wealllikehim.3．定語(yǔ)從句與主語(yǔ)從句。試比較：①

___________isknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.②

___________isknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.that(that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,such…that…“如此…以致…”

As(as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容，可置于句首)It(it做形式主語(yǔ)，代替that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句)

4．定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。試比較：①

Itisthehouse__________Imettheyoungman.②

Itwasinthehouse___________Imettheyoungman.where(where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾house，where在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))that(本句為強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，可還原為Imettheyoungmaninthehouse.)判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

方法一：用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：

ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.

I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.判斷改錯(cuò)（錯(cuò)）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.（錯(cuò)）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.（對(duì)）Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.（對(duì)）I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞where,when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二：準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.

A.where

B.that

C.onwhich

D.theone答案：例1D，例2A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hismuseumis___youvisitedafewdaysago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌篢hisisthemuseum___theexhibitionwasheld.在句1中，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where,that,onwhich都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有theone既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。而句2中,主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因inthemuseum詞組，可用介詞in+which引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on用的不對(duì)，所以選A。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞

(where地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why原因狀語(yǔ))。歸納：定語(yǔ)從句易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一：因?yàn)榫渥映煞植幻鞫鲥e(cuò)，特別注意表時(shí)間的先行詞不一定用when，表地點(diǎn)的先行詞不一定用where。Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday_______wespendtogether.When;whichB.What;thatC.onwhich;whenD.Which;when②Thisisjusttheplace________Iamlongingtovisittheseyears.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.towhich2、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)二：因?yàn)榫渥映煞謴?fù)雜，特別是出現(xiàn)插入成分而出錯(cuò)。①Thesoldiershadtosleepintheirwetclothes,_______mostuncomfortable.whichIthinkitwasB.whichIthinkwasC.whichIthinkD.thatIthinkwas②Heoftenhelpsthestudents________hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because3、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)三：因?yàn)榕cwhat從句混淆而出錯(cuò)。

①All_______isneededisasupplyofoil.

A./B.thatC.whatD.which

②Theycameupwiththatbill,______theysay,wouldleadtoadropinthenumberoffreshcollegestudentsunabletoaffordeducation.A.whatB.thatC.whoD.which4、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)四：與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型或其他句型混淆而出錯(cuò)。

①I(mǎi)twasabout600yearsago______thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.A.thatB.untilC.beforeD.when②Wasitinhospital_______shelivedfortenyears_______shewastrainedtobearealnurse.A.that;whichB.which;thatC.where;thatD.that;where5、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)五：因與同位語(yǔ)從句混淆而出錯(cuò)。（判斷下列從句屬何種從句）

①Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant.____________②Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody.____________6、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)六：as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句容易出錯(cuò)，特別是與主語(yǔ)從句混淆而出錯(cuò)。（選詞填空）

Asweallknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.

①______isknown,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.②______isknownthattheearthisround.

Asisknown,theearthisround.7、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)七：因某些特殊句型的定語(yǔ)從句辨析不明而出錯(cuò)。

①Thisisthebestway______hasbeenusedagainstpollution.

A.whereB.whyC.whichD.that

②Lasttermourmathsteacherssetsuchadifficultexaminationproblem_______noneofusworkedout.

A.thatB.asC.sothatD.which8、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)八：介詞+引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句容易出錯(cuò)，特別是因介詞的誤選而出錯(cuò)。

①Thegentleman______youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom②Becauseofthetrafficjam______Iwascaught,Iwaslateforthemeeting.

A.bywhichB.inwhichC.thatD.where

③Doyouknowtheartist_______thejudgegaveaprize?Yes,heistheteacher______Ihavebeentaughtpaintingfor2years.A.towhom;whoB.towhom;bywhomC.whom;whoD.who;that9、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)九：因定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而出錯(cuò)。

①Sheisoneofthefewgirlswho_______passedtheexam.

A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have②Sheistheoneofthefewgirlswho________passedtheexam.

A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have10、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)十：分隔式定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜而出錯(cuò)。

Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where1.Itistheyoungman_______lookedfor_______caughtthemurderer.A.that…whoB.that…theyC.they…thatDthey…which2.

Isthisfactory_______wevisitedlastyear?A.whereBinwhichC.theoneDatwhich3.

Thebook,thecover_______isbroken,isnotmine.A.ofitBforCwhoseDofwhich4.ThisisMrSmith,_____Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoBwhomC.thatD.x

5．

Who_______hasseentheTVfilmdoesn’tadmireit?A.thatBwhoCwhichDas

6．

YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhavehad________thepatientwhoreceivedaseriouswound.treatB.totreatCtreatingDtreated

7.Thisisthelasttime_________Ishallgiveyoualesson.A.whenBthatCwhichDinwhich8.Idon’tliketheway________youlaughather.

A.thatBonwhichCwhichDas9.____weallknow,swimmingisaverygoodsport.A.WhichB.ThatC.AsD.Who10.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_____Ilivedinthefarm____youvisitedlastweek.A.when,whereB.which,whichC.when,whichD.which,where11.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.theC.thatD.which12.Myglasses,____Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.

A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that13.Aharvesterisamachine____weharvestcropsoraperson____isharvesting.A.which,whoB.that