化學(xué)專業(yè)英語課件

SpecialityEnglishforChemistry

—ChemistryandSocietyXianxiZhangTel.:8230680Email:TextbookFeaturesofSpecialityEnglishforChemistryStrategytostudySpecialityEnglishforChemistryCompositionsofthefinalscoresIntroductiontoSpecialityEnglishforChemistryEnhanceEnglishabilitiesthroughtranslationsMasterspecializedwordsduringreadingEnglishpapersWritingpracticeSpeakingpracticeFastreadingpracticeStrategytostudySpecialityEnglishforChemistryClassperformance:20scoresFinalexamination:80scoresCompositionsofthefinalscoresChemistryissuchabroad,all-encompassingareaofstudythatpeoplealmostdespairintryingtodefineit.Chapter1WhatisChemistry化學(xué)是一個如此廣泛的、涵蓋一切的學(xué)科領(lǐng)域，以至于人們在嘗試給它下定義時幾乎絕望了。encompass:[in’k?mp?s],vt.包圍，環(huán)繞despair:[dis’p??],n.&vi.絕望，失望Chemistryiswealldo.Webathe,clean,andcook.Weputchemicalsonourfaces,hands,andhair.我們每個人的活動都牽涉到化學(xué)。我們洗浴、做清潔、烹調(diào)食物。我們把一些化學(xué)制品用在臉上、手上和頭發(fā)上。Collectively,weusetensofthousandsofconsumerchemicalproductsinourhomes.總起來說，我們在家庭中使用成千上萬種消費(fèi)化學(xué)品。Professionalsinthehealthandlifesciencesusethousandsofadditionalchemicalsasdrugs,antiseptics,orreagentsfordiagnostictests.保健和生命科學(xué)的專家們用各種各樣的化學(xué)品作為藥物、殺菌劑或診斷測試的試劑。antiseptic:[,?nti’septik]adj.防腐的,殺菌的n.防腐劑，殺菌劑reagent:[ri(:)’eid??nt]n.反應(yīng)物,試劑diagnostic:[,dai?ɡ’n?stik]adj.診斷的,判斷的Thischemicalfactory--yourbodyalsogeneratesitsownenergy.Itdetectsitsownmalfunctionsandcanregenerateandrepairsomeofitscomponentparts.你的身體這個化工廠也產(chǎn)生它自己的能量。它發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的故障，并能夠再生和修復(fù)它的一些零部件。malfunction:[m?l’f??k??n]n.故障,障礙Itsenseschangesinitsenvironmentandadaptstothesechanges.Withtheaidofaneighboringfacility,thisfabulousfactorycancreateotherfactoriesmuchlikeitself.它察覺環(huán)境中的變化并適應(yīng)這些變化。在鄰近設(shè)施的幫助下，這個神奇的工廠能夠創(chuàng)造跟它自身非常相像的另外的工廠。fabulous:[‘f?bjul?s]adj.寓言般的,難以置信的,神奇的Everythingyoudoinvolveschemistry.Youreadthissentence,lightenergyisconvertedtochemicalenergy.Youthink,proteinmoleculesaresynthesizedandstoredinyourbrain.Allofusdochemistry.你所作的一切都牽涉到化學(xué)。你閱讀這個句子，光能轉(zhuǎn)化成了化學(xué)能。你思考，一些蛋白質(zhì)分子就被合成并儲存在你的大腦中。我們所有人都在從事化學(xué)。Chemistryhasilluminatedtheentirenaturalworld;fromthetinyatomicnucleustotheimmensecosmos.從微小的原子核到無垠的宇宙，化學(xué)給整個自然界以啟迪。illuminate:[I’lju:mineit]vt.照亮;闡明;啟迪nucleus:[‘nju:kli?s]n.(原子)核immense:[i’mens]adj.極大的,巨大的cosmos:[‘k?zm?s]n.宇宙Webelievethatknowledgeofchemistrycanhelpyou.Chemistrycanberelatedimmediatelytoproblemsandopportunitiesinthelifeandhealthsciences.我們相信化學(xué)知識能夠幫助你?；瘜W(xué)能夠直接與生命和保健科學(xué)中的問題和機(jī)會聯(lián)系起來。Andwebelievethatthiscanmakethestudyofchemistryinterestingandexciting,especiallytonochemists.我們也相信這會使化學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)變得有趣和激動人心，特別是對非化學(xué)工作者。“pV=nRT”isanequation,butitisalsothebasisfortherespiratorytherapythathassaveduntoldlivesinhospitals.“pV=nRT”是一個方程式，但它也是在醫(yī)院中挽救無數(shù)生命的呼吸療法的基礎(chǔ)。respiratory:[ris’pai?r?t?ri]adj.呼吸的,呼吸用的therapy:[‘θer?pi]n.療法“Hydrogenbonding”isachemicalphenomenon,butitalsohelpstoaccountforthefactthatadoghaspuppieswhileacathaskittensandahumanhashumanbabies.“氫鍵”是一個化學(xué)現(xiàn)象，但它還有助于說明一些事實(shí)的原因，比如狗生出的后代是小狗、貓生出的后代是小貓，而人類生出的后代仍然是人類。puppy:[‘p?pi]n.小狗,幼犬kitten:[‘kitn]n.小貓Therearehundredsofsimilarfundamentalandinterestingapplicationsofchemistrytolife.化學(xué)在生活中還有許許多多類似的重要而又有趣的應(yīng)用。Atpresentwecancontroldiabetes,curesomeformsofcancer,andpreventsomeformsofmentalretardationbecauseofourunderstandingofthechemistryofthebody.因?yàn)槲覀儗ι眢w中與化學(xué)相關(guān)問題有所了解，目前，我們能控制糖尿病，治療一些癌癥并能預(yù)防某些智力缺陷癥。diabetes:[,dai?’bi:ti:z],n.糖尿病retardation:[,ri:tɑ:’dei??n],n.延遲Wecan’tcurediabetesorcureallformsofcancerorallmentalretardation,becauseourknowledgeisstilllimited.由于我們的知識仍然有限，所以我們不能治愈糖尿病、所有癌癥或智力缺陷。Appendix2SIUnitsPhysicalQuantityNameofUnitsSymbolLengthmetermMasskilogramkgTimesecondsTemperatureKelvinKAmountofsubstancemolemolElectriccurrentAmpereALuminousintensitycandelacdSIFundamentalUnitsTraditionalMetricandSIPrefixesFactorPrefixSymbolFactorPrefixSymbol1012teraT10-2centic109gigaG10-3millim106megaM10-6microμ103kilok10-9nanon102hectoh10-12picop101dekada10-15femtof10-1decid10-18attoa

DerivatedSIUnitsPhysicalQuantityNameofUnitSymbolDefinitionAreaSquaremeterm2VolumeCubicmeterm3DensityKilogrampercubicmeterkg·m-3ForceNewtonNkg·m·s-2PressurePascal