Unit1ArtDiscoverUsefulStructures不定式作表語導學案-高二英語人教版選擇性必修第三冊

Unit1Art不定式作表語（Infinitivesasthepredicative）一、動詞不定式的形式動詞不定式有一般式、進行式和完成式三種時態(tài)；有主動和被動兩種語態(tài)。否定式將“not”放在不定式符號“to”之前。動詞不定式的基本形式有：主動形式被動形式一般式todotobedone進行式tobedoing—完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進行式tohavebeendoing—⑴不定式的一般式表示的動作或狀態(tài)通常發(fā)生在謂語動作之后或同時發(fā)生。（全國卷hadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopenacafe.Allhewantedwastobeleftalone.⑵不定式的進行式表示其動作正在進行，且與謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作同時進行。（全國卷I）TheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobepayingoff.⑶不定式的完成式表示的動作或狀態(tài)通常發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前；不定式的完成進行式表動作從過去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。TheyseemtohavecleanedthehouseHeseemedtohavebeenlisteningtotheteacher.二、不定式作表語1.當句子的主語是不定式時，系動詞后可接不定式作表語，用于解釋主語所描述的行為，或說明該行為帶來的結果。*Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.*Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe..主語是以way,aim,duty,hope,dream,idea,intention,purpose,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion,task等抽象名詞為中心詞的名詞詞組，或者是以what引導的名詞性從句，后面的不定式說明其內容。（天津卷）Oncwaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Thegreathappinessistoservethepeople.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.【名師點津】動名詞和不定式在句中作表語的區(qū)別（1）一般情況下，區(qū)別不大，可通用。"Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.（2）當動詞所表達的是某一特定的行為，尤其是將來的行為或有待于實現(xiàn)的行為時，通常用動詞不定式（短語）作表語。Herbestwishistoputhernewideasintopractice.若動詞所表達的并不強調動作，而是表示主語的內容，則通常用動名詞（短語）作表語。Myfavoritesportisswimming.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat..當主語包含定語從句且先行詞為代詞all或形容詞最高級形式theleast,themost時，其后可接“系動詞+不定式”作句子的表語。TheleastIcanexpectistohavethisdayalltomyself.Allhewantedwastobeleftalone..在某些句型中，當主語部分有動作動詞do及其不同形式時，作表語的不定式可以省略符號“t?！?。*AHwehavetodoispushthebutton.我們所能做的就是按下按鈕。*TheonlythingIcandoisacpanyyoutotheendoftheworld.5.疑問詞+不定式結構作表語疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,how,why后加動詞不定式構成不定式短語,它在句中可作主語、賓語和表語。*Theproblemwashowtogetridofthewastethrownbythepassengers.*Perhapsthemostdifficultchallengeishowtosurvivewithoutfriends.6.有些作表語的不定式，在結構上是主動的，但在意義上卻是被動的。*Sheistoblame.*Thehouseistolet.【名師點津】“be+動詞不定式”結構可以表示多種不同的語義。⑴表示“計劃”或“安排”。*SwedenistocloseallhighschoolsanduniversitiesfromWednesday.(2)表示“命令”。一般譯為“必須”或“不準為*Thisnaughtyboyistostayhereuntilclassisover.(3)表示“應該*Youhavedonesowell.Youaretoberewarded.⑷表示“不可避免”或“注定發(fā)生”，意為“必定”。*Yourplanistobeafailure.L單句語法填空.Heseems(thinkabout)thatquestionrightnow..Mydrcamis(admit)toakeyuniversityandmakecontributionstooursocietyinthefuture..Thegoalofeducationis(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren..Pleaseremain(seat)untiltheplanehasetoaplelestop..Whatyouneedtodois(treat)yourbodybetterandlivemorehealthilythanbefore..(北京高考)Thebestwaytobuildagreatteamis(gather)agroupofthemosttalcntcdindividuals..Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyou(succeed)..Allhewanted(siton)thegrassanddrinksomewater.II完成句子.(全國HI卷)當我13歲的時候,我唯一的目標是成為我們足球隊的明星。WhenIwas13,myonlypurposewas..教師的職責是教給孩子們知識，這些知識對他們以后的學習和生活都有幫助。Ateachersresponsibilityisthatwillhelpthemfortheirlaterschoolcareerandlife..鼓勵孩子愛書最有效的方法就是大聲朗讀給他聽，而且越早開始結果越好。Themosteffectivewaytoencourageyourchildtolovebooksandtheearlieryoustart,thebettertheresultwillbe..別擔心，你需要做的就是好好睡上一覺。Doniworry.Whatyouneedtodo..每天早晨我所做的第一件事就是進行鍛煉。ThefirstthingIdoeverymorningL.他想做的最有意義的事情就是幫助窮人。Themostmeaningfulthinghewantstodo..Thequestionis(如何將計劃付諸實踐)..托尼最喜歡把精力投入到醫(yī)學研究上。WhatTonyenjoysmostis..她的愛好之一是集郵。Oneofherhobbies..我認為就是你弟弟對這次事故負有責任。Ithinkitisyourbrotherwho.nr用動詞不定式做表語改寫句子.Ifyoureallywanttolearndriving,goingtoadrivingschoolmightbethebestchoice,(myadviceis...)--Ifyouwanttolearndriving,myadviceistogotoadrivingschool..Heboughtthepulerjustbecausehewouldratherworkathomethangototheoffice(Thereasonthat...)Doingdeepbreathingexercisesfortenminutescanmakeyoufeelmorerelaxed(Agoodwaytorelaxis....)ThisyearIhopeIcanachievemygoalofperformingaflutesolo(獨奏)attheschools,artfestival(Mygoalthisyearis...)Totellyouthetruth,ItakeyogaclassessimplybecauseIwanttostayinshape.(...,mypurpose...)Withhiscarstuckinthesnow,hecoulddonothingbutwaitforhelptoarrive.(...,allhecoulddowas...)IV用所給詞的正確形式填空StarPrimarySchoolsartstudio,Room26,isopentoanychildatplaytime,lunchtime,orafterschool.OnFridays,ifthechildrenhavepletedalltheirschoolwork,theycanspendtherestofdaythcrc.ArtistBobSmithandhisassistantJoanGrantGibbarctheonlyadults(work)there.Theyarethechildren'semployees.Room26isanindependentbusinessseparatefromtheschool,andhasamitteeofmembersallundertheageof12.Forthemittee,theyneedtothinkofsomeways(make)endsmeet.Theytakeandsellschoolphotographs.Theyalsomakecards(sell).Anotherwayofmanagingtheirfinancesis(raise)morefunds.Thustheycanpayforartmaterialsandemployprofessionalartists.Inste