Unit1ArtDiscoverUsefulStructures不定式作表語(yǔ)導(dǎo)學(xué)案-高二英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

Unit1Art不定式作表語(yǔ)（Infinitivesasthepredicative）一、動(dòng)詞不定式的形式動(dòng)詞不定式有一般式、進(jìn)行式和完成式三種時(shí)態(tài)；有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)。否定式將“not”放在不定式符號(hào)“to”之前。動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式有：主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing—完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing—⑴不定式的一般式表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)通常發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生。（全國(guó)卷hadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopenacafe.Allhewantedwastobeleftalone.⑵不定式的進(jìn)行式表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，且與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。（全國(guó)卷I）TheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobepayingoff.⑶不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)通常發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前；不定式的完成進(jìn)行式表動(dòng)作從過(guò)去發(fā)生一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。TheyseemtohavecleanedthehouseHeseemedtohavebeenlisteningtotheteacher.二、不定式作表語(yǔ)1.當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞后可接不定式作表語(yǔ)，用于解釋主語(yǔ)所描述的行為，或說(shuō)明該行為帶來(lái)的結(jié)果。*Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.*Todothatwouldbetocutthefoottofittheshoe..主語(yǔ)是以way,aim,duty,hope,dream,idea,intention,purpose,mistake,plan,proposal,job,suggestion,task等抽象名詞為中心詞的名詞詞組，或者是以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，后面的不定式說(shuō)明其內(nèi)容。（天津卷）Oncwaytobeginistoansweryourownexcuses.Thegreathappinessistoservethepeople.WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonce.【名師點(diǎn)津】動(dòng)名詞和不定式在句中作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別（1）一般情況下，區(qū)別不大，可通用。"Seeingisbelieving.=Toseeistobelieve.（2）當(dāng)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的是某一特定的行為，尤其是將來(lái)的行為或有待于實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為時(shí)，通常用動(dòng)詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)。Herbestwishistoputhernewideasintopractice.若動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的并不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，而是表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，則通常用動(dòng)名詞（短語(yǔ)）作表語(yǔ)。Myfavoritesportisswimming.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat..當(dāng)主語(yǔ)包含定語(yǔ)從句且先行詞為代詞all或形容詞最高級(jí)形式theleast,themost時(shí)，其后可接“系動(dòng)詞+不定式”作句子的表語(yǔ)。TheleastIcanexpectistohavethisdayalltomyself.Allhewantedwastobeleftalone..在某些句型中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞do及其不同形式時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的不定式可以省略符號(hào)“t。”。*AHwehavetodoispushthebutton.我們所能做的就是按下按鈕。*TheonlythingIcandoisacpanyyoutotheendoftheworld.5.疑問(wèn)詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)疑問(wèn)詞who,what,which,when,where,how,why后加動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),它在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。*Theproblemwashowtogetridofthewastethrownbythepassengers.*Perhapsthemostdifficultchallengeishowtosurvivewithoutfriends.6.有些作表語(yǔ)的不定式，在結(jié)構(gòu)上是主動(dòng)的，但在意義上卻是被動(dòng)的。*Sheistoblame.*Thehouseistolet.【名師點(diǎn)津】“be+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示多種不同的語(yǔ)義。⑴表示“計(jì)劃”或“安排”。*SwedenistocloseallhighschoolsanduniversitiesfromWednesday.(2)表示“命令”。一般譯為“必須”或“不準(zhǔn)為*Thisnaughtyboyistostayhereuntilclassisover.(3)表示“應(yīng)該*Youhavedonesowell.Youaretoberewarded.⑷表示“不可避免”或“注定發(fā)生”，意為“必定”。*Yourplanistobeafailure.L單句語(yǔ)法填空.Heseems(thinkabout)thatquestionrightnow..Mydrcamis(admit)toakeyuniversityandmakecontributionstooursocietyinthefuture..Thegoalofeducationis(develop)afinepersonalityinchildren..Pleaseremain(seat)untiltheplanehasetoaplelestop..Whatyouneedtodois(treat)yourbodybetterandlivemorehealthilythanbefore..(北京高考)Thebestwaytobuildagreatteamis(gather)agroupofthemosttalcntcdindividuals..Youmustbepatientandpersistentifyou(succeed)..Allhewanted(siton)thegrassanddrinksomewater.II完成句子.(全國(guó)HI卷)當(dāng)我13歲的時(shí)候,我唯一的目標(biāo)是成為我們足球隊(duì)的明星。WhenIwas13,myonlypurposewas..教師的職責(zé)是教給孩子們知識(shí)，這些知識(shí)對(duì)他們以后的學(xué)習(xí)和生活都有幫助。Ateachersresponsibilityisthatwillhelpthemfortheirlaterschoolcareerandlife..鼓勵(lì)孩子愛(ài)書(shū)最有效的方法就是大聲朗讀給他聽(tīng)，而且越早開(kāi)始結(jié)果越好。Themosteffectivewaytoencourageyourchildtolovebooksandtheearlieryoustart,thebettertheresultwillbe..別擔(dān)心，你需要做的就是好好睡上一覺(jué)。Doniworry.Whatyouneedtodo..每天早晨我所做的第一件事就是進(jìn)行鍛煉。ThefirstthingIdoeverymorningL.他想做的最有意義的事情就是幫助窮人。Themostmeaningfulthinghewantstodo..Thequestionis(如何將計(jì)劃付諸實(shí)踐)..托尼最喜歡把精力投入到醫(yī)學(xué)研究上。WhatTonyenjoysmostis..她的愛(ài)好之一是集郵。Oneofherhobbies..我認(rèn)為就是你弟弟對(duì)這次事故負(fù)有責(zé)任。Ithinkitisyourbrotherwho.nr用動(dòng)詞不定式做表語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)句子.Ifyoureallywanttolearndriving,goingtoadrivingschoolmightbethebestchoice,(myadviceis...)--Ifyouwanttolearndriving,myadviceistogotoadrivingschool..Heboughtthepulerjustbecausehewouldratherworkathomethangototheoffice(Thereasonthat...)Doingdeepbreathingexercisesfortenminutescanmakeyoufeelmorerelaxed(Agoodwaytorelaxis....)ThisyearIhopeIcanachievemygoalofperformingaflutesolo(獨(dú)奏)attheschools,artfestival(Mygoalthisyearis...)Totellyouthetruth,ItakeyogaclassessimplybecauseIwanttostayinshape.(...,mypurpose...)Withhiscarstuckinthesnow,hecoulddonothingbutwaitforhelptoarrive.(...,allhecoulddowas...)IV用所給詞的正確形式填空StarPrimarySchoolsartstudio,Room26,isopentoanychildatplaytime,lunchtime,orafterschool.OnFridays,ifthechildrenhavepletedalltheirschoolwork,theycanspendtherestofdaythcrc.ArtistBobSmithandhisassistantJoanGrantGibbarctheonlyadults(work)there.Theyarethechildren'semployees.Room26isanindependentbusinessseparatefromtheschool,andhasamitteeofmembersallundertheageof12.Forthemittee,theyneedtothinkofsomeways(make)endsmeet.Theytakeandsellschoolphotographs.Theyalsomakecards(sell).Anotherwayofmanagingtheirfinancesis(raise)morefunds.Thustheycanpayforartmaterialsandemployprofessionalartists.Inste