醫(yī)學英語的詞綴類別醫(yī)學醫(yī)藥課件

醫(yī)學英語的詞綴類別

1.…..炎:theinflammationof…//-itis

肝炎，動脈炎，扁桃體炎，血管炎，腎炎，喉氣管支氣管炎，胰腺炎，盲腸炎，卵巢炎，毛囊炎，結(jié)腸炎，前列腺炎，膀胱炎，脊髓灰質(zhì)炎，腦炎，心內(nèi)膜炎，胸膜炎，滑膜炎，全關(guān)節(jié)炎，肺炎。

hepatitis肝炎;hepat/o:liver

arteritis動脈炎;arter/o:arterytonsillitis扁桃體炎;tonsill/o:tosilvasculitis血管炎;vascul/o:vas/o:vesselnephritis腎炎;nephr/o:kidney

folliculitis毛囊炎;follicul/o:follicle

colitis=colonitis結(jié)腸炎;col/o:colonprostatitis前列腺炎;prostat/o:prostatecystitis膀胱炎;cyst/o:bladder,cystpoliomyelitis脊髓灰質(zhì)炎;poli-:grey;myel/o:bonemarrow,spinalcord(骨髓)

cephalitis腦炎;cephal/o:headendocarditis心內(nèi)膜炎;cardi/o:heart

pleuritis胸膜炎;pleur/o:pleura

synovitis滑膜炎;synov/o:synoviapanarthritis全關(guān)節(jié)炎;pan-:all;arthr/o:jointpneumonia肺炎2.…痛…h(huán)eadache,stomachache….thepainof;ache,-algia;-agra;-dynia神經(jīng)痛,胸痛,乳突痛，乳痛，心痛，足痛風，胃痛，關(guān)節(jié)痛，頭痛，腹痛，腿痛，胸骨痛，劍突痛cardiodynia心痛podagraorpodalgia足痛風;pod/o:foot;gastralgia胃痛;gastr/o:gaster,stomacharthralgia關(guān)節(jié)痛;arthr/o:jointcephalodynia頭痛;cephal/o:headabdominalgia腹痛;abdomin/o:abdomenskelalgia腿痛;skel/o:skelos,legsternodynia胸骨痛;stern/o:sternum,breatbonexiphoidalgia,xiphodynia劍突痛;xiphoid/o:xiph/o:xiphoid3..…術(shù)

…operationof….縫合術(shù)，固定術(shù)，切除術(shù)，切開術(shù)，造口術(shù)，穿刺術(shù)，碎石術(shù)，折骨術(shù)，灌洗術(shù)，成形術(shù)，結(jié)扎術(shù)，造影術(shù)固定術(shù):-pexy:fixing

hysteropexy(fixing);hysteropexia(fixing)

子宮固定術(shù)hyster,uterus,womb(子宮)rectopexy直腸固定術(shù)

rect/o:rectumappendectomy:闌尾切除術(shù)append/o:appendic/o:appendix闌尾gastrectomy:胃切除術(shù)；gastr/o:gaster;stomachsplenectomy:脾切除術(shù)；splen/o：spleen切開術(shù):-tomy:processofcutting

tracheotomy:氣管切開；trache/o:trachea;windpipe氣管

hysterotomy:子宮切開；

craniotomy:顱骨切開；crani/o:cranium,skull

切器，切刀-tome:instrumentforcutting

thoracotome開胸刀；thorac/o:thorax,chest胸碎石術(shù):-tripsy：crushing

lithotripsy：碎石術(shù)；lith/o:stone:結(jié)石造口/吻合術(shù):ostomy:process

ofmaking

anopeningoraconnectionbetween…)gastrostomy胃造口術(shù)

esophagogastrostomy;食管胃吻合術(shù)esophagus:食管(a?s?f?g?s)duodenoenterostomy:十二指腸吻合術(shù)duoden/o:duodenum十二指腸；enter/o:intestine;smallintestine腸，小腸

穿刺術(shù):-centesis:surgicalpuncturetowithdrawfluid;或者–nyxis:pricking穿刺amniocentesis:羊膜穿刺術(shù)amni/o:amnion羊膜

hyalnyxis:

玻璃體穿刺術(shù);hyal/o:glass,glasslike,transparent玻片樣的;透明的造影術(shù):-graphy:processofrecordingarteriography:動脈造影；arteri/o:artery

phlebography：靜脈造影phleb/oven/o:veinangiography:血管造影angi/o:vesselvas/o:vessel血管，輸精管nephrography:腎造影nephr/o:kidney成形術(shù):-plasty:surgicalreshapingvalvoplasty:瓣膜成形術(shù);valv/o:valve瓣膜osteplasty骨成形術(shù)；myoplasty肌成形術(shù)my/o:muscle肌整形術(shù)：ortho-:straight;orthopedic整形外科的；orthopod整形外科醫(yī)生；orthotherapy整形療法4.方位/時間方面的詞綴

上：upper//superior;epi-;supra-epithelium上皮組織；

supracostal上肋的；cost/o:rib肋骨

epicondyle上髁;condyle:髁supercerebellar小腦上的;cerebell/o:cerebellum下：lower//inferior;infra-;sub-

subcutaneous皮下的；cutane/o:skin

infratracheal氣管下的;trachea=windpipe后：back//posterior//post-;retro-postheptical肝后的；heptic/o:liver;postprandial餐后的；prand/o:mealsretrocardiac心后的；cardi/o:heartpostpharyngeal咽后的;pharyng/o:pharynx咽內(nèi)：inner//internal//in-;endo-;ento-;entro-;intro-;inhale,inhalation吸入

endoscopy內(nèi)窺鏡檢；-scopy：visualexam

entocranial顱內(nèi)的；crani/o:skull,craniumintra-arachnoid珠網(wǎng)膜內(nèi)的encelitis內(nèi)臟炎;celi/o:abdomen腹腔

副，旁：onthesideof;para-;parathyroid甲狀旁腺pararenal腎旁的ren/o：kidneyparenteral腸胃外的;enter/o:intestine,smallintestine反；對立：opposite;conter-;contra-;counterpart對等物或人；countershock抗休克contraindication禁忌癥

全：pan-:whole,allpancarditis全心肌炎;pancolectomy泛結(jié)腸切除；col/o:colon結(jié)腸panmyelosis全骨髓增生中:mid;midabdomen中腹部中心：central;centri-,centra-;centro-centrifugation離心；centralizev.centronucleus中心核周：around;peri-;perioperative手術(shù)期間的，peritoneum腹膜periadenitis腺周炎;aden/o:glandpericarditis心包炎

5.顏色方面的詞綴

顏色：colour,chrom-;chromo-;chromat/o;chromosome染色體；-some:bodychromatin染色板chromatometer比色計;-meter:instrumentformeasuring白：white；leuk/o:alb/o:,albin/o:album-:leukocyte白細胞；leukemia白血病leukocyteuria尿白細胞癥albinism白化病albumin白蛋白;leukoderma白斑;derm/o:skinleukonychia白甲;onych/o:nail

leukopoiesis白細胞生成(-poiesis:生成production,formation黑：black;melano-;melanoderma黑皮病melanoma黑色瘤melanin黑色素;-in:substance(…素)melanosarcoma黑肉瘤;sarc/o:fleshnigrometer黑度計;nigr/o:nigra(黑質(zhì)),紫：purplepurpura紫癜粉色：pink;pinkfrothysputum粉紅色泡沫痰青銅色：bronzedbronzeddiabetes青銅色糖尿病棕色：brown;brownmixture甘草合劑brownsugar紅糖橙色：orange;ethylorange乙基橙藍色：blue；cyan/o：cyanhidrosis(藍)汗癥hidr/o:sweatcyanosis紫紺；cyanopsia藍視癥cyanemia藍血癥紅色：red；erythro-;rub/o;erythema紅斑(Greek)erythroderma=erytherodermia;紅皮病erythromycin紅霉素;myc/o:fungus霉菌rubefaction發(fā)紅(皮膚發(fā)紅)n.erythrochloropia紅綠視癥;chlor/o:green-opia:visionbilirubin=cholerythrin膽紅素;chol/o:,bil/o:bile

erythrocyte紅細胞erythrocyturia血尿erythrometer紅細胞計數(shù)灰色：grey;poli-；

poliomyelitis骨髓灰質(zhì)炎;myel/o:bonemarrow青：glauc/o:greenish,grey

glaucoma青光眼;glaucobilin膽青素;bil/o:bilechloroquine氯奎chlorophyll葉綠素;-phyll:leaf黃色：yellow;xantho-;xanthoma黃瘤;xanth/o:yellowxanthine黃嘌呤jaundice黃疸xanthosis黃疸xanthoma脂肪性纖維瘤6.臟器方面的詞綴心heart,cardio-carditis心臟炎；cardiopuncture心穿刺術(shù)cardiology心臟病學；cardiologist腦brainencephalo-；cerebralcerebrum大腦；encephalitis大腦炎cerebellum小腦；cerebritis小腦炎

肺lungpulmon-：pulmonarypulmonitis肺炎；pneumonia肺炎pulmonectomy肺切除；pulmonology肺學肝liver，hepato-；heptatichepatitis肝炎；hepatology肝學hepatobiliary肝膽的；bil/o:bile胃stomach，gastro-；gastricgastritis胃炎；gastrointestinal胃腸的gastrology胃學膽gallbladder;chol/o:biliary,bilecholecystits膽囊炎;cyst/o:cyst,urinarybladder囊，膀胱

cholecyst膽囊；gall-stone膽結(jié)石

腸intestine；entero-；intestinalenteritis腸炎；enterectomy腸切除脾spleensplen/o:spleen;splenalgia脾痛–algia:painsplenectomy脾切除術(shù)胰腺pancreas，panreatic；pancreat/o:pancreatits胰腺炎；pancreatopathy胰病

腎kidney；nephro-；rena-；nephritis腎炎；nephropathy腎病renalfailure腎衰竭；renalportalvein腎門靜脈血bloodhem/o:;hemat/o:hematology血液學；hemoglobin血紅蛋白hematoma血腫；hemorrhage出血，失血血管bloodvessel；vaso-；cardiovasology心血管學；cerebrovascular腦血管的靜脈vein；ven-；venography靜脈造影；intravenous靜脈注射的；靜脈內(nèi)的venoconstriction靜脈收縮；venodilation靜脈擴張

動脈artery；arterio-；arteriology動脈學；arteriole小動脈arteriosclerosis動脈硬化肌肉muscle；my/o:musclemyology肌肉學；myocarditis心肌炎骨髓bonemarrow；myel/o:myelitis骨髓炎；myeloma骨髓瘤

神經(jīng)nerve；neur/o:neuro-neurology神經(jīng)學；neuritis神經(jīng)炎neuron神經(jīng)元細胞cell；cyte-；-cytecytology細胞學；leukocyte白細胞cytoma細胞瘤

尿urineuro-；ur-urology泌尿?qū)W；urosurgery泌尿手術(shù)urogenital泌尿生殖的體body，somat/o:-somesomatology軀體學；somatopsychic身心的chromosome染色體

7.與檢查有關(guān)的詞綴

鏡檢：-scopy鏡檢法;scope鏡gastroscopy胃鏡法；celioscope；laparoscope體腔鏡；腹腔鏡celi/o:lapar/o:abodomen,bellyperitoneoscopy腹膜鏡檢法cardioscope心臟檢查鏡，

量具：-meter:instrumentformeasuringcardiometer心力計；thermometer溫度計bloodpressuremeter血壓計densimeter密度計；density密度

心電圖：electrocardiogram=ECG;eletrocardiograph心電圖儀腦電圖:electroencephalogram=EEGB超:typeBultrasonicCT：computerizedtomography計算機x射線斷層同位素:isotope;isotopicexamination同位素檢查尿檢urineanalysis血常規(guī)bloodroutine

8.數(shù)字方面的詞綴一：mon/o:uni-Monday;carbonmonoxideunidirection單向的monoclone單克隆二：bi-；di-bilateral兩側(cè)的biphasic雙向性的carbondioxidedipoptide二肽三：tri-trilateral三邊的tricycle四：tetra-tetracycline四環(huán)素tetraplegia四癱tetramer四聚物五：penta-Pentagon五邊形pentachromic五色的pentachloride五氯化鈉六：hexa-hexachromic六色的benzenehexachloride六氯化苯（六六六）七：hepta-;sept/o:seven;septum

(隔膜)heptachromic七色的heptaploid七倍體septangle七邊形；

septotomy房隔切開術(shù)

septostomy房隔造口術(shù)八：octa-octahedral八面體的octalsystem八進制九：nona-nonapeptide九肽nonagon九邊形十：deca-decade十年decagram十克deciliter十分升多：poly-；multi-；polyuria多尿；polymer聚合體polyopia復視癥；multimediapolyp=polypus息肉;pus:膿polyoposia飲水過多;-posia:drinkingpolyphagia貪食癥(雜食);phag/o:eating

少：-penia：-penic：deficiency,lack；olig/o:deficiency,few

→agranulocytopenia粒細胞缺乏癥→oliguria小便減少;→hypomenorrhea=oligomenorrhea月經(jīng)過少;(men/o:menstruation;-rrhea:flow,discharge)

→osteopenia骨質(zhì)稀少

大：macro-;-megalymacronucleus巨核；macrophage巨噬細胞splenomegaly脾腫大；hepatmegaly肝腫大小:micro-;-letmicroorganism；microscopymicronucleus微核；droplet小滴；platelet血小板leaflet小葉；booklet小冊

肥大:hypertrophy:-trophy:nourishiment萎縮:atrophy下垂:hypophysis:

physis:growtheg.cerebrihypophysis:腦垂體pharyngealhypophysis:咽垂體9.其他方面的詞綴

1.怕，畏懼–phobia:fear

photophobiaphot/o:light畏光

noctophobia;noct/o:night怕黑hydraphobia恐水癥(狂犬病)hydro-waterxenophobia怕生客;xen/o:stranger

困難dys-：bad,difficultydysfunction功能障礙;dyspepsia消化不良peps/o：digestiondyspnea呼吸困難-pnea：breathingdysuria排尿困難dystrophy;-trophy:nourishment營養(yǎng)不良

dystocia難產(chǎn)-tocia：birthdystopia=dystopy異位,錯位top/o：positiondysplasia發(fā)育不良;plas/o:-plasia:formation,growth,developmenthypogenesis

(formation)發(fā)育不全不良mal-：badmalnutrition營養(yǎng)不良；malpractice事故malfunction機能障礙malignant惡性的maladministration管理不善好，正，eu-：good

eupepsia消化良好（正常）peps/o:digestioneutopic正位的:top/o:position,locationeutocia順產(chǎn)(正常分娩;-tocia//-toscin:labour,delivery分娩euesthesia感覺良好（正常）:esthesi/o:feelingeugenic優(yōu)生的adj.eugenics優(yōu)生學;gen/o:producingeuthanasia安樂死;-thanasia:death瘤，腫塊–oma:tumor;cancer;swellinglymphoma淋巴瘤；adenoma腺瘤hematoma血腫血癥–emia：bloodconditionleukemia白血病；septisemia敗血癥

bacteremial菌血癥

anemia貧血an-：without

高：hyper-：high，above;hyperdynamia:肌力過度;hypertension高血壓（highbloodpressure）hypertonia張力/壓力過高hypertonicadj.hypersensitivehyperplasia增生-plasia：growth低：hypo-;low;belowhypotoniahypotonic張力/壓力過低（的）hypodynamia乏力（力不足）;dynam/o:power,force;dynamicadj.dynamicshypotension;lowbloodpressure,hyposensitive急促：tachy-:quick

tachypnea呼吸急促

tachycardia(心動過速)急性：acuteattack急性發(fā)作急診：emergency慢性：chronic麻痹–plegia:beingsenseless；paralysishemiplegia半身不遂；panplegia全身癱瘓pan-：wholemyoplegia肌癱facioplegia面癱壞死–necrosis：death，necro-；deathhepatonecrosis肝壞死；necrospermia死精癥；osteonecrosis骨壞死;oste/o:bone流出–rrhea：flowing；burstingoutdiarrhea腹瀉；menorrhea行經(jīng)(flow,discharge)hemorrhage出血(burstingforthofblood)entorrhagia內(nèi)出血(burstingforthofblood)

ent/o:inside,inner

狹窄-stenosis:narrowingarteriostenosis動脈狹窄軟化–malacia;softening

cerebromalacia腦軟化cerebr/o:cerebrum,brain

硬化-sclerosis:hardeningcerebrosclerosis腦硬化疏松-porosis:passageosteoporosis(passage)骨質(zhì)疏松擴張,增大-ectasis:dilation,stretchingbronchiectasis支氣管擴張止血-schesis：holdingback,suppressionofdischarge)hemoschesis閉塞：rhinocleisis(closure,blockage閉)

rhinocleisis鼻腔堵塞；rhin/o：nose

沖洗–clysis:washingrhinoclysis(washing)鼻沖洗

彎曲-cyllosis:-cyrtosis:crookingbrachiocyllosis=brachiocyrtosis臂彎曲brachi/o:brachium,arm;療法：-therapyradiotherapy放療;radiotherapist(放療專家)chemotherapy化療

physiotherapy理療

psychotherapy心理療法therapist治療師無，沒有a-an-:withoutatypical非典型性的asexual無性的asymptomatic無癥狀的anemia貧血

anorexia厭食癥orex/o:appetiteanesthesia麻醉(感覺缺失:esthesi/o:feeling,perception肥胖:fat??obeseadj.obesityn.夜間盜汗;nightsweats血常規(guī):routinebloodtest休克:shock:(pathology)bodilycollapseornearcollapsecausedbyinadequateoxygendeliverytothecells;characterizedbyreducedcardiacoutputandrapidheartbeatandcirculatoryinsufficiencyandpallor(蒼白);"lossofbloodisanimportantcauseofshock"中風:卒中（拉丁語）stroke

cerebrovascularaccident(CVA)

apoplexy:asuddenlossofconsciousnessresultingwhentheruptureorocclusion/closure/blockageofabloodvesselleadstooxygenlackinthebrain假卒中，pseudo