英語演講選修課chaptertopic

Today’sscheduleChoosingatopicDeterminingthepurposeTipsforformulatingthespecificpurposePhrasingthecentralidea第1頁/共30頁第一頁，共31頁。SelectingatopicSpeechesoutsidetheclassroomtheoccasion,theaudience,thespeaker’squalificationsSpeechesinthepublicspeakingclassnodesignatedtopic第2頁/共30頁第二頁，共31頁。第3頁/共30頁第三頁，共31頁。Whatisasuitablespeechtopic?WorthwhileAppropriateLimitedinscope第4頁/共30頁第四頁，共31頁。SuitabletopicWorthwhilesignificantimplicationsfortheaudienceAppropriate

knowalot,liketolearnmoreLimitedinscopedividingthetopicintoseveralsignificantparts.第5頁/共30頁第五頁，共31頁。Determiningyourpurpose第6頁/共30頁第六頁，共31頁。Generalpurpose:thebroadgoal總體目標(biāo)Toinform:conveyinformationenhancetheknowledgeandunderstandingTopersuade:advocateorpartisanChangeorstructuretheattitudesoractionsDifference:explainorexhortSpecificpurpose具體目標(biāo)toinformmyaudienceabout…topersuademyaudienceto…Explain←→exhort第7頁/共30頁第七頁，共31頁。SpecificPurposeSpecificpurpose:(singleinfinitivephrasethatstatespreciselywhataspeakerhopestoaccomplishinhisorherspeech.).簡單的肯定句Topic:EmergenciesGeneralpurpose:ToinformSpecificpurpose:Toinformmyaudienceofthemajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergency第8頁/共30頁第八頁，共31頁。TipsforformulatingthespecificpurposestatementTip1:Writethepurposestatementasafullinfinitivephrase(完整的短語）,notasafragment（片段）CalendarsToinformmyaudienceaboutthethreemajorkindsofcalendarsusedintheworldtoday.第9頁/共30頁第九頁，共31頁。歷法主要分為陽歷、陰歷和陰陽歷三種。陽歷亦即太陽歷，主要根據(jù)地球繞太陽一周為一年，現(xiàn)時國際通用的公歷（格里歷）即為陽歷的一種，亦簡稱為陽歷；陰歷亦稱月亮歷，主要根據(jù)月亮繞地球運行一周時間為一個月（29.59059天），大月30天，小月29天，一年12個月354天或355天，伊斯蘭歷即為陰歷的一種；陰陽歷以月亮繞地球一周為1個月，但設(shè)置閏月，使得一年的平均天數(shù)與太陽年的天數(shù)相符，因此這種歷法與月相相符，也與地球繞太陽周期運動相符合。農(nóng)歷就是陰陽歷的一種。第10頁/共30頁第十頁，共31頁。Tip2

Expressyourpurposeasastatement,notasaquestion

陳述句?

Ineffective:IsChina’sspaceprogramnecessary?第11頁/共30頁第十一頁，共31頁。Moreeffective:TopersuademyaudiencethatChina’sspaceprogramprovidesmanyimportantbenefitstopeoplehereonearth.

第12頁/共30頁第十二頁，共31頁。Tip3Avoidfigurativelanguage比喻語言Toinformmyaudiencethatyogaisextremelycool.Toinformmyaudiencehowyogacanimprovetheirhealth.

第13頁/共30頁第十三頁，共31頁。

Tip4Limityourpurposestatementtoone

distinctidea,oronemainpoint

?

Ineffective:ToinformmyaudienceaboutthedevelopmentsofAIDSandtherecenttestingproceduresforHIVinfection.

?

Moreeffective:TopersuademyaudienceaboutthedevelopmentsofAIDS.ToinformmyaudienceabouttherecenttestingproceduresforHIVinfection.第14頁/共30頁第十四頁，共31頁。Tip5

Makesureyourspecificpurposeisnottoovagueorgeneral第15頁/共30頁第十五頁，共31頁。ExampleIneffective:

Topersuademyaudiencethatsomethingmustbedoneaboutmedicalcare.MoreEffective:TopersuademyaudiencethatthegovernmentshouldadoptasystemofnationalhealthinsuranceforallpeopleinChina.第16頁/共30頁第十六頁，共31頁。QuestionstoaskaboutyourspecificpurposeDoesmypurposemeettheassignment?CanIaccomplishmypurposeinthetimeallotted?Isthepurposerelevanttomyaudience?Isthepurposetootrivialformyaudience?Isthepurposetootechnicalformyaudience?第17頁/共30頁第十七頁，共31頁。Phrasingthecentralidea

(Alsocalledthesisstatement,subjectsentence,majorthought)

Whatisthecentralidea?Guidelinesforthecentralidea第18頁/共30頁第十八頁，共31頁。Whatisthecentralidea?Aone-sentencestatementthatsumsupthemajorideasofaspeech.Itiswhatyouwanttheaudiencetoabsorbfromyourspeech.Inpersuasivespeechesarguable,debatable,takeyourstanceIninformativespeechesrelativelyneutralandobjective第19頁/共30頁第十九頁，共31頁。Thespecificpurposeofaspeechiswhatyouhopetoaccomplish.Thecentralideaisaconcisestatementofwhatyouexpecttosay.第20頁/共30頁第二十頁，共31頁。ExampleOneTopic:EmergenciesGeneralpurpose:ToinformSpecificpurpose:Toinformmyaudienceofthemajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergency.Centralidea:Themajorstepsinrespondingtoanemergencyaresurveyingthescene,contactinganemergencymedicalservice,andstartingCPRifneeded.第21頁/共30頁第二十一頁，共31頁。ExampleTwoTopic:Alternative-fuelvehiclesGeneralpurpose:TopersuadeSpecificpurpose:Topersuademyaudiencethatthegovernmentshouldspeedupeffortstodevelopalternative-fuelvehicles.Centralidea:Developingalternative-fuelvehicleswillhelpreduceChina’sdependenceonforeignoilandwillhelpreduceairpollution.第22頁/共30頁第二十二頁，共31頁。GuidelinesforthecentralideaThecentralidea1.Shouldbeexpressedinafullsentence2.shouldnotbeintheformofaquestion.3.shouldavoidfigurativelanguage4.shouldnotbevagueoroverlygeneral第23頁/共30頁第二十三頁，共31頁。第24頁/共30頁第二十四頁，共31頁。Exercises:thecentralideaIneffective:ProblemsoffaddietsIneffective:Maldivesisanawesomeplaceforavacation.第25頁/共30頁第二十五頁，共31頁。MoreeffectiveonesAlthoughfaddietsproducequickweightloss,theycanleadtoseriousproblemsbycreatingdeficienciesinvitaminsandmineralsandbybreakingdownmuscletissueaswellasfat.Maldiveshasmanyattractionsforvocations,includingawarmclimate,excellentfood,andmanyhistoricalsites第26頁/共30頁第二十六頁，共31頁。SummarySelectingatopicDeterminingyourgeneralpurposeDeterminingyourspecificpurposePhrasingyourcentralidea第27頁