耳部解剖生理

耳部解剖和生理

EaranatomyandphysiologyGNResoundAsiaTradepromotion&TrainingDept.

EarfunctionA-聽覺功能B-平衡功能HearingfunctionBalancefunctionHearingfunctionTheorganofhearing(Zemlin,1988pp.460)PeripheralandCentral

Peripheralear(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1979)Theexternalear外耳TheAuricle耳廓

功能：收集聲音Concha耳甲腔Helix耳輪Anti-helix對耳輪Anti-tragus對耳屏Tragus耳屏TheEarcanal耳道

功能：耳道共振

S型，長2.5~3.5cm，直徑0.7cm，鉛筆粗細Themiddleear中耳

功能：換能器、放大器（27dB）、保護耳蝸(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1979)TheEardrum鼓膜

功能：傳音、放大(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1987)TheEardrum鼓膜

寬8mm高9mm厚0.1mmTheossicles聽小骨、聽骨鏈

功能：利用杠桿原理將聲能轉成機械能(Zemlin,1988pp.445)錘骨Malleus砧骨Incus鐙骨Stapes人體中最小的骨頭Themiddleearmuscles中耳肌

功能：減少大聲對內(nèi)耳的傷害

鼓膜張肌和鐙骨肌是人體最小的肌肉(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1979)TheEustachiantube咽鼓管

功能：維持鼓室內(nèi)外氣壓平衡、防止感染(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1979)

Eustachiantube耳咽管長35~39mm，小兒減半，鼓室口高于咽口20~25mm，小兒較短、管腔較大、近水平The“stiletto”principle(Zemlin,1988pp.457)LeveractionprincipleHearingprocess

Airconduction氣導

OutearMiddleear

InnerearNerve

CentrumSound

Skull

Boneconduction骨導Theinnerear內(nèi)耳Theinnerear內(nèi)耳

包括：半規(guī)管、前庭、耳蝸HistologyclassificationCruscommuneAmpullamembranaceasuperiorUtriculusDucusendolymphaticusSacculusScalatympaniDucuscochlearisScalavestibuliDucuscochlearisHelicotremaFenestracochleaeRoundwindowDucusreuniensFenestravestibuliOvalwindowAmpullamembranaceaposteriorCristaampullaposteriorAmpullamembranacealateralisAmpullamembranaceasuperriorAmpullamembranacealateralisTheinnerear內(nèi)耳(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1976)(Engstr?m&Engstr?m,1979)Thecochlea耳蝸Theuncoiledcochlea(Zemlin,1988pp.465)TheuncoiledcochleaCrosssectionofcochleaCrosssectionofcochleaCrosssectionofthechanneCrosssectionoftheorganofCortiInneruandouterhaircellsInnerHairCellStereocilia

3500個內(nèi)毛細胞OuterHairCellStereocilia

12000個外毛細胞FunctionofCochlea耳蝸的功能

將機械性聲音信號轉換成生物電信號FunctionofCochlea耳蝸的功能CrosssectionoftheorganofCortiOutHairCellOutHairCellOutHairCellElectricityIoniccurrentflowsInnerHairCellCochléaDynamicsetanatomie3000HzToneApexBase

ApexBase300HzToneAuditorycentralnervoussystemHearingprocess大腦顳葉大腦顳葉外側丘系外側丘系上橄欖體上橄欖體耳蝸核耳蝸核耳蝸毛細胞耳蝸毛細胞左右內(nèi)側膝狀體內(nèi)側膝狀體BraincortexCochlearHaircell1、聽覺功能2、平衡功能

由前庭系和人的視覺及本體感覺系統(tǒng)共同完成的。

例如：前庭功能稍弱時，就將導致暈車！聲波1.聲波震動鼓膜