2023元月13日英語測試題

高二年級英語測試題一、閱讀理解AWhatexactlyisintelligence?Therearen'tanyeasyanswers.Despitetheprogressthathasbeenmadeingeneticsandpsychology,humanintelligencehasremainedoneofthemostcontroversialareasofmodernscience,untilnow,thatis,forthediscoveryofagene（基因）linkedtointelligencehasmadetheexpertsthinkagain.RobertPlominoftheInstituteofPsychiatryinLondonandhiscolleaguesintheUShavebeenlookingintogeneticmake-up.Fromtheirresearch,theyhavediscoveredthataslightlydifferentgeneismorecommoninthosewithahighIQ.PlominanalyzedDNAfromtwogroupsof51childrenagedbetween6and15.WhathefoundwasthatthefirstgrouphadanIQof136,puttingtheminthetop5%ofthepopulation,whiletheothergrouphadanaverageIQof103.Ananalysisoftheirgenesshowedthat32%ofchildreninthehighergrouphadthegeneinquestion,whileonly16%inthesecondgroupdid.However,thereisalotmoreresearchtobedone,andPlominhimselfiscautiousatthisearlystage.Hesuggeststhatthereareprobablymanygenesthatcontributetointelligence,ratherthanjustone.SeveralstudieshaveshownastronglinkbetweenIQandcareersuccess,althoughsomepsychologistsremainunconvincedaboutthis.ProfessorMichaelRowe,whohaswrittenabookcalledGeniusExplained,isoneofthese."ThepeoplewiththehighestIQsarenotusuallytheoneswhodobestintheircareers.”Manypsychologistsnowbelievethatwhenitcomestointelligence,IQisn'teverything.Manyalternativeviewshavebeenputforwardrecently.Oneexampleistheideaofmultipleintelligences,whichwasdevelopedinthe1980sbyHarvardpsychologistHowardGardner.ThisoffersamuchbroaderviewthantheIQtheory,includingcreativityandcommunicationskillsasrelevantfactors（因素）inintelligence.TonyBuzan,brainexpertandauthorofMasteryourMemory,isenthusiasticaboutthisbelief,arguingthattruegeniuses（天才）doindeedappeartocombinehighlevelsofeachtypeofintelligence.HelistsAlexandertheGreat,PabloPicassoandAlbertEinsteinasexamples.Atthesametime,Buzanbelievesthateveryonecandeveloptheirintelligence,onlyiftheytakethetroubletoexercisetheirbrain.Perhapsthere'shopefbrusall!.Whatisthetopicofthepassage?A.Therelationshipbetweengenesandintelligence.B.IQbenefitsalotfromhighintelligence.C.Howtodevelopintelligence.D.Whatmakesintelligence..Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.RobertPlominconfirmsgeneshavesomethingincommon.B.HowardGardnerthinksintelligenceincludesvariousfactors.C.MichaelRoweapprovesofastronglinkbetweenIQandcareer.D.TonyBuzanagreesgeniusesexercisebraintoimproveintelligence..Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph4referto?A.Thedevelopmentofintelligence.B.Theideaofmultipleintelligences.C.IQisn'teverythingforintelligence.0.Alternativeviewshavebeenputforward.BWhenIwas8yearsold,Idecidedtorunawayfromhomeafteraquarrelwithmymother.Withmysuitcasepackedandsomesandwichesinabag,Istartedforthefrontdoor.MymomaskedwhereIwasgoing，"I'mleavinghome,“Isaid.“What'sthatyou'recarrying?”sheasked.“SomeclothesandfoodJIreplied.“Ifyouwanttorunaway,thafsallrightJshesaid."Butyoucameintothishomewithoutanythingandyoucanleavethesameway.”Ithrewmysuitcaseandsandwichesonthefloorandstartedforthedooragain.“WaitaminuteJMomsaid."Youdidn'thaveanyclothesonwhenyouarrived,andIwantthemback.”Thisinfuriatedme.Itoremyclothesoff-shoes,socks,underwearandall一andshouted,"CanIgonow?”“YesJmymomanswered,"butonceyouclosethatdoor,don'texpecttocomeback.”IwassoangrythatIshutthedoorforcefullyandsteppedoutofmyhome.ThenInoticeddownthestreettwoneighborgirlswalkingtowardourhouse.IwassoshythatIsawthebigspruce（云杉）treeinouryardandjumpedunderthelow-hangingbranches（樹枝）.Apileofdried-upbrownneedles（針狀物）werebeneaththetree,andyoucan'timaginethepainthosesharpneedlescausedtomybody.AfterIwassurethegirlshadpassedby,Irantothefrontdoorandknockedatitloudly.“It'sBilly!Letmein!”Thevoicebehindthedooranswered,"Billydoesn'tlivehereanymore.Heranawayfromhome.”Lookingbehindmetoseeifanyoneelsewascomingdownthestreet,Isaid,"Mom!I'msorry.I'mstillyourson.Letmein!”ThedooropenedandMom'ssmilingfaceappeared."Didyouchangeyourmindaboutrunningaway?”sheasked."What'sforsupper?"Ismiledback..Whentheauthorwasleavinghome,hismotherorderedhimto.A.stayathomeB.takesomesandwichesC.leaveeverythingbehindD.checkhissuitcasecarefully.Theunderlinedword"infuriated"probablymeans"A.surprisedB.warnedC.encouragedD.angered.Whydidtheauthorjumpunderthelow-hangingbranches?A.Toavoidbeingseen.B.Tofindsomeneedles.C.Toplayajokeonthetwogirls.D.Toattractthetwogirls'attention..Thelastsentence"What'sforsupper?”mainlyshowsthattheauthor.A.changedhisplantoleavehome.feltveryhungryatthattimeC.wishedtoeatsomethingbeforeleavingD.wantedtoknowwhathismotherpreparedforsupperCDoingbusinessnowadayswithoutacellphone?Livingaveryprivatelife?Ican'timagineitanymore.JournalistChrisStokel-Walkerexplaineditverywell:Fortheaverageworkingperson,there'snogreaterfeelingthanpoweringdownyourcomputerandkissinggoodbyetoyourworkemailsfortheday.Ifwe'reluckyenoughtodisconnectfromthejoboneveningsandweekends,we'reoveijoyedtoleaveworkemailsandthestressthatcomeswithitintheoffice.Butexpertssaywe'reincreasinglyfailingtodoso,insteadbringingtheburdenhomewithusanddealingwithemailsduringourfreetime.Unsurprisingly,thisroutinehassomeseriousconsequences.Workingabnormalorlonghourshaslongbeenlinkedwithdepression（抑有B癥）,anxietyandevenheartdisease.Inaddition,theimportanceofweekendrecoveryhasalsobeenlinkedwithweeklyjobperformanceandpersonalinitiative（主動,性）.Andfurtherresearchshowedpsychologicaldetachment（脫離）duringoff-worktimereducedemotionalexhaustioncausedbyhighjobdemandsandhelpedpeoplestayengaged.So,ifweknowallthis,itbegsthequestion:Whyarewestilllettingworkbotherourpreciousweekend?AccordingtoCaryCooper,professorofOrganizationalSchool,therecenttrendevenspillsintothewayweaccessourworkcommunicationsandprojects.Today,saysCooper,workemailsarejustatapofasmartphoneaway.“Youdon'tcaiTyyourlaptoparoundwhenyou'reouttodinner,butyoudocarryyourmobilephoneJhesays.“Thesmartphonedoesnotmakeupforwhatislost.”Sodeleteyourworkemailaccountfromyourinbox（收件箱），andleavetheworriesuntilMonday..WhatdidChrisStokel-Walkertrytostress?A.Thedevelopmentofofficework.B.Theimportanceofworkinghard.C.Thepleasureofcompletingwork.D.Thepowerofmodemtechnology..Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisroutine“inParagraph3reftrto?A.Usingacellphone.B.Workinginpersonaltime.C.Failingtoworklonghours.D.Leavingworkemailsbehind..WhatdoesCaryCooperthinkofworkingextrahours?A.Itisn'tboring.B.Itisn'tinteresting.C.Itisn'tcommon.D.Itisn'tworth..Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Canwelivewithoutacellphone?B.Whatshouldwedoonweekends?C.Shouldwebanweekendworkemails?D.Whoshouldbeblamedforworkoverload?DMuchoftheworkintoday'sworldisaccomplished（完成）inteams.Mostpeoplebelievethebestwaytobuildagreatteamistogatheragroupofthemosttalentedindividuals.121companiesspendmillionshiringtopbusinesspeople.Istheirmoneywellspent?13.Theyfocusedonfootball,basketballandbaseball.TheresultsaremixedForfootballandbasketball,addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod,butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent；abovethatlevel,theteam'sperformancebeginstodecline.Interestingly,thistrendisn'tevidentinbaseball,whereadditionalindividualtalentkeepsimprovingtheteam'sperformance.Toexplainthisphenomenon,theresearchersexploredthedegreetowhichagoodperformancebyateamrequiresitsmemberstocoordinate（協(xié)調(diào)）theiractions.L4.Inbaseball,theperformanceofindividualplayersislessdependentonteammates.Theyconcludethatwhentaskinterdependenceishigh,teamperformancewillsufferwhenthereistoomuchtalent,whileindividualtalentwillhavepositiveeffectsonteamperformancewhentaskinterdependenceislower.Ifabasketballstaris.forexample,tryingtogainahighpersonalpointtotal,hemaytakeashothimselfwhenitwouldbebettertopasstheballtoateammate,affectingtheteam'sperformance.Youngchildrenlearningtoplayteamsportsareoftentold,"ThereisnoIinTEAM."15.Anotherpossibilityisthatwhenthereisalotoftalentonateam,someplayersmaymakelesseffort.Justasinagameoftug-of-war（拔7可比賽），wheneverapersonisadded,everyoneelsepullstheropewithlessforce.nA-teammayrequireabalance-notjustAplayers,butafewgenerousBplayersaswell.Itsnotasimplemattertodeterminethenatureoftalent.SportsteamownersspendmillionsofdollarsattractingtoptalentC.Thegroupinteractionanditseffectdrewtheresearchers'attention.D.Starsapparentlydonotfollowthisbasicprincipleofsportsmanship.E.Severalrecentstudiesexaminedtheroleoftalentinthesportsworld.F.Buildingupadreamteamismorecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.G.Thistaskinterdependencedistinguishesbaseballfromfootballandbasketball.二、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Technologyisamazinganditislikeariver.The17ofariveristogetfromahighplace,generallyamountain,toa18place,likethesea.Ifsomething19_theriverfromgettingtowhereitwantstogothenitwillpauseforabit,poolitsresources（資源）and,if20wayisopenforit,choosethatpath.—21—,itwillreachitsfinal_22—.InmyyearsofusingcomputersandtechnologyIhavefoundthemtobe_23—.Imaywanttodosomethingonacomputer;—24—,Icouldfindmywayblocked.SoI25foralittlebit,poolmyresources,andifIuseasearchengine,awaycanpresentitselfformeto26myfinalgoal.

Thesedaysitseemstobeeven27todothis.IfIwantedtocommunicatewithsomeonethereusedtobe_28_twowaystoaccessthem:thetelephoneandsnailmail.Now,—29—theinternetandsmartphones,IcancountoffthetopofmyheadatleastfivewaysIcancontactapersonand30othem.Thesame31—forsendingfiles（文件）.Alittlewhileago,acontactwantedmetosendherafile.Thatfilewasonmy_32_andIwasoutontheroad.IwantedtosendherthatfilebutIhadno33tomycomputer.OrdidI?Iconnectedmyphonetomycomputer34anddownloadedthefiletomyphone.ThenI_35_thatfiletothechatprogramIwasusingandsentittoherthatway.IwastheriverandIfoundmywayaroundanobstacle（障礙）with36.AsBruceLeefamouslysaid,"Bewater,myfriend.Thatday,Iwasariverofwater.B.goalB.large.A.listen.A.goes三、書面表達B.freesAsBruceLeefamouslysaid,"Bewater,myfriend.Thatday,Iwasariverofwater.B.goalB.large.A.lis