2023屆廣東省茂名高州市高三第一次模擬考試英語試題

20/2019/20/高州市2023屆高三第一次模擬考試英語考生注意：1.本試卷由三個(gè)部分組成。滿分120分，考試時(shí)間100分鐘。2.考生作答時(shí)，請(qǐng)將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑;非選擇題請(qǐng)用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無效.3.本卷命題范圍：高考范圍。第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATherearemanyscientificbreakthroughsmadebywomenintheAntarctic.HerearefourlandmarksinAntarcticaandthey’renamedforthefemalepioneers.JonesTerrace(梯田)Theice-freeterraceineasternAntarctica’sVictoriaLandbearsJonesname.In1969,geochemistLoisM.Jonesledthefirstall-femaleresearchteamfromtheUStoworkinAntarctica.Jonesandherteamstudiedchemicalweathering(風(fēng)化作用)intheMcMurdoDryValleys,anice-freeareaofAntarctica.Throughchemicalanalysesofrockstheyhadcollected,Jonesandherteamdiscoveredmanygeochemicalcharacteristicsofthevalley’sice-coveredlakes.MountFineness8,202-foot-highMountFineness,locatedonAntarctica’slargestisland—AlexanderIsland-isnamedforGinnyFineness.Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.In1985,FinenessbecamethefirstfemaleinvitedtojointheAntarcticClub,aBritishsupperclubopentoindividualswhohavespentextendedtimeintheAntarcticregion.FrancisPeakFrancisPeakThe3,727-foot-tallpeakonAntarctica’sAdelaideIslandisnamedafterDameJaneFrancis,whoisthefirstfemaledirectoroftheBritishAntarcticSurvey,thenationalpolarresearchinstituteoftheUK.HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.PedenCliffsPedenCliffsnearAntarctica’sMarieByrdLandareproofofthelaborofIrenePeden.ShewasthefirstAmericanfemalescientisttobothliveandworkintheAntarctic,wheresheusedradiowavestostudyicesheets.Pedenandherteamdeterminedhowverylowfrequencyradiowavesspreadoverlongpolardistancesbymeasuringpathwaysintheice.TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.1.WhichofthefollowingisnamedafterabuilderofradiotowersintheAntarctic?A.PedenCliffs. B.FrancisPeak.C.MountFineness. D.JonesTerrace.2.WhohelpedprovetheprevioushighertemperaturesoftheAntarctica?A.IrenePeden. B.DameJaneFrancis.C.GinnyFineness. D.M.Jones.M.Jones.3.WhatwasspecialaboutIrenePedenaccordingtothetext?A.ShecouldjudgethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.B.Shediscoveredalotofice-coveredlakesintheAntarctic.C.ShewasthefirstfemaleAmericantoexploretheAntarctic.DShecorrectlymeasuredthespreadingspeedofradiowaves.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四處位于南極洲的以四位在南極工作過的女性科學(xué)家命名的地標(biāo)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MountFineness部分的介紹中“Sheestablishedandmaintained80-foot-tallradiotowersintheAntarctic.(她在南極建立并維護(hù)了80英尺高的無線電塔)”可知，GinnyFineness在南極建造并維護(hù)了無線電發(fā)射塔，MountFineness正是以她的名字命名的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FrancisPeak部分的介紹中“HercollectionoffossilsonSeymourIslandhelpedconcludeina2021paperthatAntarctica’sabundantplantfossilsindicatethecontinentoncehadamuchwarmerclimatethanitcurrentlydoes.(她在西摩島收集的化石有助于在2021的一篇論文中得出結(jié)論：南極洲豐富的植物化石表明，該大陸曾經(jīng)的氣候比現(xiàn)在溫暖得多)”可知，DameJaneFrancis搜集的植物化石幫助證實(shí)了南極洲地區(qū)以前的氣候比現(xiàn)在的溫暖得多。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)PedenCliffs部分的介紹中“TheyalsousedvaryingradiowavefrequenciestomeasurethethicknessofAntarctica’sicesheets.(他們還使用不同的無線電波頻率來測量南極洲冰蓋的厚度)”可知，IrenePeden能夠測量出南極洲冰原的厚度。故選A項(xiàng)。BThefamousSpanishpainterPabloPicassooncesaid,“IalwaysdowhatIcan’tdosothatIcanlearnhowtodoit.”Itstrikesachord(引起共鳴)withmebecausethat’sexactlywhatI’vedonetheseyears.Oneofmyearliestmemoriesofdoingbeforelearningisofbakingscones(烤餅)whenIwasabout10yearsold.Iwantedtobakethemtosurprisemymotherwhenshereturnedhome.BeforethatI’dobservedhowmymotherbakedthemmanytimes.AsIstartedtotry,Ididn’tknowIshouldn’thandlethedough(面團(tuán))withmyhandstoomuchonceI’daddedthebakingpowder(發(fā)酵粉).However，Iknewexactlyhowtorolloutthedoughanduseacookiecuttertocutthescones,becausemymomhadalreadytaughtme.Bythetimemymomarrivedhome,thesmelloffreshlybakedsconeswelcomedherintothekitchen.Theywerebakedtogoldenbrownperfection—flat,asaresultofoverhandlingthedough,buttheytastedOK.Mymomsweetlypraisedmeformyattempt,ratherthanscoldingmeforthestateofthekitchen,whichwaslikeatornadohadjustblown!Havemyattemptsalwaysbeensuccessful?Iwish!Someofmykitchendisasterswereofsuchproportionsthateventhedogswantednothingtodowiththem.Mygardeningfailuresdidn’tlivetoseeanotherseason.Butmyhabitofdoingbeforelearningisstillhelpful.WhatevercomputerprogramorapplicationIhavetolearn,Idosobysimplystartingtouseit.Ido,learn,andimprove.SoifyouaskmewhetherIregretthatItendtodofirstandlearnlater,I’dsayIdon’t,becausewhatIhavediscoveredfromthoseisthewisdomtoknowwhenit’sOKtodoandthenlearn,andwhenit’sprobablybettertolearnandthendo!4.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’sfirstexperienceofbakingscones?A.Shepracticedhardbeforeactuallytrying.B.Sheturnedtohermomwhennecessary.C.Shewantedtoperformbetterthanhermom.D.Shemanagedtodoitdespitealittleimperfection.5.HowdidMomrespondtotheauthor’sattempt?A.Shemadeimprovementstothescones.B.Sheexpressedherappreciationforthejob.C.Shesharedherfirstexperienceofbaking.D.Shewassurprisedbythemessinthekitchen.6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofherpracticesof“doingbeforelearning”?A.Theyarejustabarelyusablemethod.B.Mostofthemhaveendedupinfailure.C.Theycontributealottoherself-improvement.D.Theyonlyapplytothelearningofspecificskills.7.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tostresstheimportanceofkeepinglearning.B.Toshowthebenefitsofdoingbeforelearning.C.Toencouragepeopletodosomethingtheycan’tdo.D.Tocallonreaderstochangetheirwayoflearning.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者以自己年少時(shí)做烤餅的經(jīng)歷引入，集中論述了“做先于學(xué)”的好處。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Bythetimemymomarrivedhome,thesmelloffreshlybakedsconeswelcomedherintothekitchen.Theywerebakedtogoldenbrownperfection—flat,asaresultofoverhandlingthedough，buttheytastedOK.(當(dāng)我媽媽到家時(shí)，新鮮出爐的烤餅的香味把她迎進(jìn)了廚房。由于過度處理面團(tuán)，他們被烤成金棕色的完美扁平，但味道還不錯(cuò)。)”可知，盡管最后作者做的烤餅因?yàn)檫^度手揉而有點(diǎn)扁平，但是味道很好，她的嘗試成功了。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Mymomsweetlypraisedmeformyattempt,ratherthanscoldingmeforthestateofthekitchen.(我媽媽甜蜜地稱贊我的努力，而不是責(zé)罵我廚房的狀況。)”可知，媽媽對(duì)作者的嘗試表示贊賞。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Butmyhabitofdoingbeforelearningisstillhelpful.WhatevercomputerprogramorapplicationIhavetolearn,Idosobysimplystartingtouseit.Ido,learn,andimprove.SoifyouaskmewhetherIregretthatItendtodofirstandlearnlater,I’dsayIdon’t,becausewhatIhavediscoveredfromthoseisthewisdomtoknowwhenit’sOKtodoandthenlearn,andwhenit’sprobablybettertolearnandthendo!(但我在學(xué)習(xí)前做的習(xí)慣仍然很有用。無論我需要學(xué)習(xí)什么計(jì)算機(jī)程序或應(yīng)用程序，我都是通過簡單地開始使用它來做到的。所以，如果你問我是否后悔我傾向于先做后學(xué)，我會(huì)說我不會(huì)，因?yàn)槲覐闹邪l(fā)現(xiàn)了一種智慧，那就是知道什么時(shí)候可以做，什么時(shí)候可以學(xué)，什么時(shí)候最好學(xué)，然后做！)”可知，作者認(rèn)為這些在“學(xué)習(xí)”之前就做出的嘗試極大地助力了她的自我提升。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第一段“ThefamousSpanishpainterPabloPicassooncesaid,‘IalwaysdowhatIcan’tdosothatIcanlearnhowtodoit.’Itstrikesachord(引起共鳴)withmebecausethat’sexactlywhatI’vedonetheseyears.(西班牙著名畫家巴勃羅·畢加索（PabloPicasso）曾說過：‘我總是做我做不到的事，這樣我才能學(xué)會(huì)做?！@句話引起了我的共鳴，因?yàn)檫@正是我這些年來所做的。)”以及根據(jù)最后一段“Butmyhabitofdoingbeforelearningisstillhelpful.WhatevercomputerprogramorapplicationIhavetolearn,Idosobysimplystartingtouseit.Ido,learn,andimprove.SoifyouaskmewhetherIregretthatItendtodofirstandlearnlater,I’dsayIdon’t,becausewhatIhavediscoveredfromthoseisthewisdomtoknowwhenit’sOKtodoandthenlearn,andwhenit’sprobablybettertolearnandthendo!(但我在學(xué)習(xí)前做的習(xí)慣仍然很有用。無論我需要學(xué)習(xí)什么計(jì)算機(jī)程序或應(yīng)用程序，我都是通過簡單地開始使用它來做到的。所以，如果你問我是否后悔我傾向于先做后學(xué)，我會(huì)說我不會(huì)，因?yàn)槲覐闹邪l(fā)現(xiàn)了一種智慧，那就是知道什么時(shí)候可以做，什么時(shí)候可以學(xué)，什么時(shí)候最好學(xué)，然后做！)”可知，作者主要通過自己的親身經(jīng)歷論述了“做先于學(xué)”的益處。故選B項(xiàng)。CScientistsbelievenatureisgoodforourwell-being.Butwhat’sthesecretthatbringsaboutthebenefit?ArecentstudybyresearcherCraigAndersonandhisworkmatessuggestsitcouldbeawe(敬畏)—thatsenseofbeinginthepresenceofsomethinggreaterthanourselvesthatfillsuswithwonder.Thefirstpartofthestudyhadsomepeoplegoonafour-dayriverrafting(漂流)trip.TheyrowedthroughdangerousrapidsintheforestedareasinCalifornia.Theyalsocampedoutinthewild.Beforeandafterthetrip,theyreportedontheirwell-being,includingtheirstresslevelsandsatisfactionwithlife.Duringthetrip,theykeptdiariesabouttheirsentiments,includingwhetherthey’dfeltawe,peace,gratitude,joy,orpridethatday.Attheendofthetrip,theirwell-beinghadincreasedgreatly.Afterthetrip,theresearchersdiscoveredawe—aboveotherpositiveemotions—seemedtoexplaintheimprovement.Inthesecondpart,Andersonstudiedwhetheraweplayedaroleinmoreordinary,everydaynatureexperiences.Theanswerisalsoyes.Thisisgoodnews,saysAnderson,becausesometimesit’snotthateasyforpeopletohavelongwildernesstrips.“Youdon’thavetodoamazingexperiencesinnaturetofeelawe,”saysAnderson.“Bytakingafewminutestoenjoyflowersorasunset,youalsoimproveyourwell-being.“Andersonsaysthatawemaybenefitwell-beingbycausinga“smallself”—asensethatyouwillhavewhenyou’reinthepresenceofsomethingbiggerthanyourself,whichmaymakeworriesandstresseslesssignificantbycomparison.Buthealsosaysthattherecouldbeotherwaysthatnatureexperiencesimproveourwell-being,besidescausingawe.Forexample,therelatedphysicalexerciseinnaturecouldhavemadeadifference,too.Anyway,Andersonbelievesthere’senoughevidencetoencourageustoaddmorenaturetoourdailylife.”Peopleneedtoslowdownandmakespaceforthatintheirlives,”Andersonsays.8.WhatdidthestudybyAndersonandhisworkmatesmainlyfind?A.Thebenefitsatriphasonpeople.B.Whatintereststravelersinnature.C.Theviewspeoplehaveaboutnature.D.Whatmakesbeinginnaturebeneficial.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sentiments”inparagraph2mean?A.Feelings. B.Desires.C.Discoveries. D.Experiences.10.Howdoesawetakeeffectaccordingtothetext?A.Bystressingthegreatnessofnature.B.Byhelpingpeopleforgettheirworries.C.Byencouragingpeopletobelostinnature.D.Bymakingpeople’sproblemsseemlessserious.11.WhatdoesAndersonsuggestpeopledo?A.Maketimetodoexercise. B.Showrespecttonature.C.Getintouchwithnature. D.Makeacomparisonwithothers.【答案】8.D9.A10.D11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，身處自然界中會(huì)讓人們感到幸福，這是因?yàn)樵谧匀唤缰挟a(chǎn)生的敬畏之情發(fā)揮著關(guān)鍵作用?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Scientistsbelievenatureisgoodforourwell-being.Butwhat’sthesecretthatbringsaboutthebenefit?ArecentstudybyresearcherCraigAndersonandhisworkmatessuggestsitcouldbeawe.(科學(xué)家們相信大自然對(duì)我們的健康有益。但帶來好處的秘訣是什么？研究人員CraigAnderso及其同事最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明，這可能令人敬畏)”以及第二段中“Afterthetrip,theresearchersdiscoveredawe—aboveotherpositiveemotions—seemedtoexplaintheimprovement.(旅行結(jié)束后，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)敬畏（高于其他積極情緒）似乎可以解釋這種改善。)”可知，Anderson和同事們的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明在自然界中的敬畏之情能夠增加人們的幸福感，故可推測，他們通過實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)了使身處自然界變得有益的因素。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文“Duringthetrip,theykeptdiariesabouttheirsentiments,includingwhetherthey’dfeltawe,peace,gratitude,joy,orpridethatday.(在旅途中，他們記錄了自己的，包括當(dāng)天是否感到敬畏、平靜、感激、喜悅或自豪。)”可知，“敬畏、平靜、感激、喜悅或自豪”這些都是情緒，所以猜測實(shí)驗(yàn)要求參與者們記錄下自己的“情緒”。故選A項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Andersonsaysthatawemaybenefitwell-beingbycausinga‘smallself’...whichmaymakeworriesandstresseslesssignificantbycomparison.(安德森說，敬畏可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致“渺小的自我”，從而有益于健康……相比之下，這可能會(huì)使擔(dān)憂和壓力變得不那么重要。)”可知，敬畏感可以創(chuàng)造一種“小我”的感覺，讓人們感覺身處某些更大的事物面前，自身似乎顯得有些渺小，從而使人們?cè)诒容^之下內(nèi)心的焦慮和壓力顯得不那么重要了。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Anyway，Andersonbelievesthere’senoughevidencetoencourageustoaddmorenaturetoourdailylife.‘Peopleneedtoslowdownandmakespaceforthatintheirlives,’Andersonsays.(無論如何，Anderson相信有足夠的證據(jù)可以鼓勵(lì)我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪屑尤敫嗟淖匀辉?。Anderson說，人們需要放慢腳步，在生活中留出空間。)”可知，Anderson建議人們放慢生活的節(jié)奏，騰出時(shí)間來接觸大自然。故選C項(xiàng)。DOsaisanathleticyetstubborn62-poundGermanshepherd(德國牧羊犬).Thesix-year-olddoghasmasteredtheartofsniffing(嗅)outcancerandiskeytoaresearchprojectthathasthepotentialtochangeoncology(腫瘤學(xué)).OsaispartofanambitiouseffortlaunchedfiveyearsagoattheUniversityofPennsylvaniathataimstodeveloponeofthemostpowerfulscent-detectionmachinesintheworld:thecaninenose.Sheisabletodistinguishbetweenbloodsamplestakenfromcancerpatientsandtheirhealthypeerssimplybysniffingthem.Infact,Osaisoneoffivecancer-detectiondogstrainedbyAnnmarieDeAngeloandherco-workersattheuniversity’sPennVetWorkingDogCenter.Themostimportantgoalistodevelopan“electronicsniffer”thatcanapproachthecancer-sniffingsuperpowersofOsaandherpartners.OsaarrivedatthePennVetWorkingDogCenterfromabreederattwomonthsofage.Eversince,shehastakentraining.Theprocessisdemanding,challengingandrepeateduntilthedoghasmasteredthemostessentialtaskofall.Finally,shehassucceededinsniffingoutcancer.TotransformOsa’sremarkableabilitiesintoanelectronicnose,researchersuseasimilarapproachtotrainthemachine.Anelectronicnoseprototype(雛形)hasbeenbuilt,andit’ssuccessfulinsniffingoutcancer90to95percentofthetime.Thatteamhasalsocorrectlydetecteddifferenttypesofcancer,andisbuildingacancer-detectingdevicefortheNationalInstitutesofHealth.Oneobjectiveistobeabletodistinguishbetweenearly-andlate-stagecancer.“Itwouldbeincredibletoidentifypeopleatanearlystageandreallyhaveanimpactonsavinglives,”saysaresearcher.“Thedogshavebeenabletodetectthat.Withthatability,abloodtestcouldbesenttoacentrallab,orideallyperformedinadoctor’soffice,makingsomehiddencancersathingofthepast.Weexpectthatthecancer-snifferdevicewillbecompleteinashorttime.”12.WhatcanwelearnaboutOsafromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.SheusedtobeastrongGermandog.B.Shewashardtodealwithintheresearch.C.Sheuseshernosetoknowthepresenceofcancer.D.Shecanchangethedevelopmentoftheoncology.13.WhichwordcanbestdescribethetrainingOsareceived?A.Strict. B.Complex. C.Unstable. D.Endless.14.Whatcanweinferfromtheresearcher’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Bloodtestswillbemoredifficultinthefuture.B.Therewillbemoredogsusedfordetectingcancer.C.Distinguishingcancersisimportantinearlyexperiments.D.Hiddencancersmaybedetectedbyanelectronicnosesoon.15.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.TheResultsofaStudyonSpecialDogsB.TheImportanceofDogsinDetectingCancersC.TheApproachestoDistinguishingCancersD.TheProblemofHavingaCancerBloodTest【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了研究人員通過訓(xùn)練使得五只狗可以利用嗅覺提前發(fā)現(xiàn)癌癥，這為電子嗅探器的完成奠定了基礎(chǔ)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thesix-year-olddoghasmasteredtheartofsniffing(嗅)outcancer(這只六歲的狗已經(jīng)掌握了嗅出癌癥的本領(lǐng))”以及第二段中“Sheisabletodistinguishbetweenbloodsamplestakenfromcancerpatientsandtheirhealthypeerssimplybysniffingthem.(她只需嗅一嗅，就能區(qū)分癌癥患者和健康同齡人的血液樣本)”可知，Osa用鼻子來知曉癌癥的存在。故選C項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Eversince,shehastakentraining.Theprocessisdemanding,challengingandrepeateduntilthedoghasmasteredthemostessentialtaskofall.(從那以后，她一直在接受訓(xùn)練。這個(gè)過程要求很高，很有挑戰(zhàn)性，而且反復(fù)進(jìn)行，直到狗掌握了最基本的任務(wù))”可知，該訓(xùn)練非常嚴(yán)格。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“‘Itwouldbeincredibletoidentifypeopleatanearlystageandreallyhaveanimpactonsavinglives,’saysaresearcher.‘Thedogshavebeenabletodetectthat.Withthatability,abloodtestcouldbesenttoacentrallab,orideallyperformedinadoctor’soffice,makingsomehiddencancersathingofthepast.Weexpectthatthecancer-snifferdevicewillbecompleteinashorttime.’(一位研究人員表示：‘在早期階段就識(shí)別出對(duì)挽救生命有影響人，這將是難以置信的。狗已經(jīng)能夠檢測到這一點(diǎn)。有了這種能力，血液檢測可以被送到中央實(shí)驗(yàn)室，或者最好在醫(yī)生的辦公室進(jìn)行，讓一些隱藏的癌癥成為過去。我們預(yù)計(jì)癌癥嗅探器設(shè)備將在短時(shí)間內(nèi)完成?！?”可知，研究人員已確定狗經(jīng)訓(xùn)練后具備知曉癌癥的能力，這種能力可以使一些隱藏的癌癥成為過去，并預(yù)計(jì)癌癥嗅探器將很快完成。從而可推斷出，一些隱藏的癌癥可能很快可以通過電子鼻被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“OsaispartofanambitiouseffortlaunchedfiveyearsagoattheUniversityofPennsylvaniathataimstodeveloponeofthemostpowerfulscent-detectionmachinesintheworld:thecaninenose.Sheisabletodistinguishbetweenbloodsamplestakenfromcancerpatientsandtheirhealthypeerssimplybysniffingthem.(Osa是五年前賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)發(fā)起的一項(xiàng)雄心勃勃的計(jì)劃的一部分，該計(jì)劃旨在開發(fā)世界上最強(qiáng)大的氣味檢測機(jī)器之一：犬鼻。她只需嗅一嗅，就能區(qū)分癌癥患者和健康同齡人的血液樣本)”以及上下文可知，文章主要介紹了研究者通過訓(xùn)練使得狗能夠通過嗅覺區(qū)分癌癥患者與正常人體的血液樣本，以此判斷病人是否患有癌癥，這將為癌癥嗅探器的完成提供了很大幫助。從而可知，本文主要在說明狗在檢測癌癥中所起的重要作用。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whereveryouliveyouallwantahomewhereyoucanjustgetinandforgettheoutsideworld.Peopledon’toftenturnitintowhattheywantbecausetheyworryaboutthecost.___16___－youdon’tneedtospendalotofmoneyinordertomakeyourhomecozy(溫暖舒適的).Herearesomeinexpensivewaystogetyoustarted.ClearThefirstthingyouneedtodobeforebuyingorrearranginganythingisclear.___17___.Thereisnowaytoturnacluttered(雜亂的)spaceintoaninvitingonewithoutorganizingit.So,thefirstthingyoudoisclear.Youdon’thavetothrowouteverything—clearingcanbeanongoingprocessthattakestime,andthat’sokay.AddGreenery___18___.Asidefromtheeye-pleasingeffectplantsandflowershave,theyalsoremovetoxins(毒素)fromtheair,makingyourenvironmenthealthier.Ifthatisn’tenoughforyou,theytendtohelpcalmpeopledown.TryDarkerColorsAnotherthingyoucandotomakearoomlookwarmeristousesomedarkershadesinthedecoration.Lightercolorsaregreatformakingaroomfeelbigger,butdarkercolorscreatemoreofacozyandinvitingfeeling.___19___.AdjusttheLightingLast,butcertainlynotleast,islighting.Thelightinginaroomcanmakeorbreakit,dependingonhowyougoaboutit.___20___.Thinkofusingthefireplaceifyouhaveone,lightingsomecandlesandhangingupsomestringlights.Evenalampcanmakeallthedifferencetotheenvironmentofaroom.A.However,thisisacommonmisconceptionB.Don’tkeepplantsandflowersinyourbedroomC.DisorderistheexactoppositeofwarmandinvitingD.Ifyouwanttheroomtofeelcozier,gofordim,warmlightingE.Asidefrommakingiteasiertokeepwarm,blanketsaddmorecolortoaroomF.Nottomention,throwinginsomedarkercolorswillmaketheroomlookperfectG.Thebestwaytomakearoomlookmoreinvitingistoaddplantsandfreshflowers【答案】16.A17.C18.G19.F20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了四種讓家變得溫暖舒適的方法?！?6題詳解】空前“Peopledon’toftenturnitintowhattheywantbecausetheyworryaboutthecost.(人們不常把家變成他們想要的，因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心費(fèi)用)”強(qiáng)調(diào)裝扮家的費(fèi)用過高問題，空后“youdon’tneedtospendalotofmoneyinordertomakeyourhomecozy(溫暖舒適的).(你不需要花費(fèi)許多錢來使得你的家溫暖舒適)”講述不用花太多錢，前后句意呈轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；A選項(xiàng)“However,thisisacommonmisconception(然而，這是一個(gè)常見的誤解)”中的代詞this指代前文所說的費(fèi)用過高問題，承上啟下，符合邏輯。故選A?！?7題詳解】本段小標(biāo)題是“Clear(整理)”，所以本段都在圍繞整理這一話題；空后“Thereisnowaytoturnacluttered(雜亂的)spaceintoaninvitingonewithoutorganizingit.(如果不整理的話，就沒有辦法把一個(gè)凌亂的空間變成一個(gè)吸引人的空間)”強(qiáng)調(diào)凌亂的房間是沒辦法讓人感覺到舒適的，C選項(xiàng)“Disorderistheexactoppositeofwarmandinviting(凌亂與溫暖和吸引人正好相反)”中的“Disorder”呼應(yīng)后文的“cluttered”，選項(xiàng)中的“warmandinviting”呼應(yīng)后文的“inviting”。故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“AddGreenery(添加綠化)”可知，本段內(nèi)容與花草有關(guān)。G項(xiàng)“Thebestwaytomakearoomlookmoreinvitingistoaddplantsandfreshflowers(讓房間看起來更有吸引力的最佳方法是添加植物和鮮花)”中的“addplantsandfreshflowers”與小標(biāo)題相呼應(yīng)，且與設(shè)空處下一句“Asidefromtheeye-pleasingeffectplantsandflowershave,theyalsoremovetoxins(毒素)fromtheair,makingyourenvironmenthealthier.(除了植物和花卉的養(yǎng)眼效果外，它們還能清除毒素，讓你的環(huán)境更健康)”中的“plantsandflowers”屬于同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“TryDarkerColors(嘗試深色)”可知，本段主要介紹的是要嘗試一些深色調(diào)?？涨啊癓ightercolorsaregreatformakingaroomfeelbigger,butdarkercolorscreatemoreofacozyandinvitingfeeling.(較淺的顏色非常適合讓房間感覺更大，但較深的顏色更能營造出舒適和誘人的感覺)”強(qiáng)調(diào)深顏色更好，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Nottomention,throwinginsomedarkercolorswillmaketheroomlookperfect(更不用說，加入一些深色會(huì)讓房間看起來很完美)”，與前一句構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，進(jìn)一步說明了在家里使用深色調(diào)的好處。故選F。【20題詳解】根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“AdjusttheLighting(調(diào)節(jié)燈光)”可知，本段主要介紹的是燈光。D選項(xiàng)“Ifyouwanttheroomtofeelcozier,gofordim,warmlighting(如果你想讓房間更舒適，那就選擇昏暗溫暖的燈光)”呼應(yīng)本段主題；后文“Thinkofusingthefireplaceifyouhaveone,lightingsomecandlesandhangingupsomestringlights.(如果你有壁爐，可以考慮使用壁爐，點(diǎn)燃一些蠟燭，掛上一些串燈)”是對(duì)D選項(xiàng)中的“dim,warmlighting”具體例子描述。故選D。第二部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenIwasstillateenager,therewasanewdaycareprogramstartedforkidsthreetosixyearsoldinourcommunity.Idecidedtohelpatthenurseryasanassistant.OnelittlegirlthatIrememberwas___21___whotrulylovedbeinginourclassandgettingtoplaywiththeotherlittlekids.Unfortunately,shealsosufferedfromsevereseparationanxiety.Shewouldcrywhenshewasdroppedoff.Thisledtoa(n)___22___situation:achildthatlovedtobeinourclassroomandyetcried___23___shewasbeingtortured(折磨).IhadonegameI___24___playingwiththekidsduringsnacktime.Iwouldgouptothechildrenandtellthemnottosmile,and___25___iftheywerestartingtosmile.Sincethegirlhappenedtohavethemostbeautifulsmile,capableoflightinguparoom,shewasalmostalwaysoneofthekidsI’ddothisgamewithjustto___26___thatsmile.Eventually,shegottothepointthatjusttellinghernottosmilewouldleadtoagiantsmile.Notwantingto___27___,shewouldcoverherfacewithherhands.SothenthegamewastoseeifIcould“find”thesmileshewas___28___.Thetrickwasso___29___thatIstartedtouseitonherwhenevershewasdroppedoff.Shewouldalwaysbehandedtome___30___loudly.I’dfindsomewayto___31___herattentionsoshewouldlistentome.ThenIwouldtellhernottosmile.Herhandswould___32___gotocoverupabigsmile,andafterabriefgameof“hunting”forthesmile,shewouldstopcrying.Thenshewouldforgetallabouther___33___fromhermotherandhappilyrunofftofindsomekidstoplaywith.Istillhavefondmemoriesofthatsweetlittlegirl,herbeautifulsmiles,andhowshe___34___hermotherthatIwasa(n)___35___worker.21.A.outgoing B.sensitive C.shy D.generous22.A.urgent B.dangerous C.common D.strange23.A.asif B.evenif C.everytime D.incase24.A.imagined B.considered C.avoided D.enjoyed25A.argued B.commented C.rose D.waited26.A.see B.wipe C.touch D.greet27.A.lose B.help C.explain D.appear28A.believing B.noticing C.hiding D.ignoring29.A.flexible B.reliable C.simple D.silly30.A.laughing B.speaking C.shouting D.crying31.A.escape B.fix C.shift D.force32.A.gradually B.constantly C.immediately D.obviously33.A.attraction B.suggestion C.concentration D.separation34.A.answered B.convinced C.recommended D.impressed35.A.beautiful B.honest C.amazing D.polite【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.D25.B26.A27.A28.C29.B30.D31.C32.C33.D34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者曾經(jīng)在社區(qū)幼兒園當(dāng)助教的經(jīng)歷：有一個(gè)笑容十分燦爛的小女孩每次和媽媽分離的時(shí)候都會(huì)大哭，作者想出了一個(gè)辦法讓她忘記哭泣，并迅速開心起來。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我記得有一個(gè)小女孩很外向，她真的很喜歡在我們班上和其他小朋友一起玩。A.outgoing外向的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.shy害羞的；D.generous慷慨的。根據(jù)下文“whotrulylovedbeinginourclassandgettingtoplaywiththeotherlittlekids”可知，小女孩很喜歡待在“我們”班，和其他小朋友一起玩，所以她性格外向（outgoing）。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)奇怪的情況：一個(gè)孩子喜歡在我們的教室里，卻哭得像是在遭受折磨。A.urgent緊急的；B.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；C.common普通的；D.strange奇怪的。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)ovedtobeinourclassroom”和“cried3shewasbeingtortured(折磨)”形成對(duì)比可知，這是一種奇怪的（strange）情形。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：這導(dǎo)致了一個(gè)奇怪的情況：一個(gè)孩子喜歡在我們的教室里，卻哭得像是在遭受折磨。A.asif.好像；B.evenif即使；C.everytime每次；D.incase萬一。由下文“shewasbeingtortured”可知，這個(gè)小女孩既喜歡待在“我們”教室，又哭得好像（asif）受到折磨一樣。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我有一個(gè)游戲，我喜歡在零食時(shí)間和孩子們玩。A.imagined想象；B.considered考慮；C.avoided避免；D.enjoyed享受。由上文“onegame”以及下文可知，作者經(jīng)常和孩子們玩這個(gè)游戲，所以此處指作者有一個(gè)喜歡（enjoy）和孩子們?cè)诹闶硶r(shí)間玩的游戲。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我會(huì)走到孩子們面前，告訴他們不要笑，并且告訴他們?nèi)绻麄冮_始笑了會(huì)指責(zé)他們。A.argued辯稱；B.commented評(píng)論，指責(zé)；C.rose站起；D.waited等待。由后文“iftheywerestartingtosmile”可知，作者會(huì)走到孩子們面前告訴他們不要笑，如果他們開始笑了，作者會(huì)對(duì)此指責(zé)（comment）。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)檫@個(gè)女孩恰好有著最美麗的笑容，能夠照亮一個(gè)房間，所以她幾乎一直是我玩這個(gè)游戲的孩子之一，只是為了看到她的笑容。A.see看見；B.wipe擦拭；C.touch觸摸；D.greet打招呼。由前文“Sincethegirlhappenedtohavethemostbeautifulsmile”可知，作者這樣做僅僅為了看到（see）她的笑容。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她不想輸，會(huì)用手捂住臉。A.lose失去；失??；輸?shù)簦籅.help幫助；C.explain解釋；D.appear出現(xiàn)。由后文“shewouldcoverherfacewithherhands”可知，小女孩用手遮住她的臉是因?yàn)椴幌胼敚╨ose）。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，接下來的游戲是看我能否“找到”她隱藏的笑容。A.believing相信；B.noticing注意到；C.hiding隱藏；D.ignoring忽略。根據(jù)上文“shewouldcoverherfacewithherhands”可知，游戲就變成了作者是否能找到小女孩隱藏起來（hide）的笑容。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)把戲太可靠了，每當(dāng)她下車時(shí)，我就開始用它對(duì)付她。A.flexible靈活的；B.reliable可靠的；C.simple簡單的；D.silly愚蠢的。根據(jù)下文“Istartedtouseitonherwhenevershewasdroppedoff”可知，這個(gè)小把戲是如此可靠（reliable）奏效，以至于她每次被送到的時(shí)候作者都會(huì)使用它。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她總是被遞到我身邊大聲哭泣。A.laughing笑；B.speaking說；C.shouting喊；D.crying哭。根據(jù)上文“achildthatlovedtobeinourclassroomandyetcried”可知，每次到幼兒園小女孩被送到作者這邊的時(shí)候總是大哭（cry）。故選D項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我會(huì)想辦法轉(zhuǎn)移她的注意力，讓她聽我的。A.escape逃生；B.fix修復(fù)；C.shift移位，轉(zhuǎn)移；D.force強(qiáng)迫。根據(jù)上文“Shewouldalwaysbehandedtome10loudly.”和下文“soshewouldlistentome”可知，作者會(huì)找到某個(gè)方法來轉(zhuǎn)移（shift）小女孩的注意力。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她的手會(huì)立即去掩蓋一個(gè)大大的微笑，在短暫的“尋找”微笑后，她會(huì)停止哭泣。A.gradually逐漸地；B.constantly不斷地；C.immediately立即地；D.obviously明顯地。由上文“Iwouldtellhernottosmile”可知，聽到作者的指令后，小女孩的手就會(huì)立刻（immediately）蓋住笑容。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，她會(huì)忘記與母親分離的一切，開心地跑去找?guī)讉€(gè)孩子玩。A.attraction景點(diǎn)；B.suggestion建議；C.concentration濃度；D.separation分離。根據(jù)上文“Unfortunately,shealsosufferedfromsevereseparationanxiety.”可知，小女孩會(huì)忘記一切有關(guān)和她媽媽的分離（separation）的事情。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我仍然記得那個(gè)可愛的小女孩，她美麗的笑容，以及她如何說服她的母親我是一個(gè)了不起的工作者。A.answered回答；B.convinced說服；使信服；C.recommended推薦；D.impressed使印象深刻。由下文“hermotherthatIwasa(n)15worker”可知，這里指小女孩使她媽媽信服（convince）作者是一個(gè)令人覺得神奇的工作者。故選B項(xiàng)。【35題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我仍然記得那個(gè)可愛的小女孩，她美麗的笑容，以及她如何說服她的母親我是一個(gè)了不起的工作者。A.beautiful美麗的；B.honest誠實(shí)的；C.amazing驚人的；D.polite有禮貌的。由前文“Thenshewouldforgetallabouther13fromhermotherandhappilyrunofftofindsomekidstoplaywith.”可知，作者成功讓女孩開心上學(xué)，是一個(gè)令人覺得神奇的（amazing）工作者。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheSilkRoadseemsratherfamiliartopeople,butnoteveryoneknowsabouttheHexiCorridor(河西走廊)andtheQilianMountains.The___36___(long)oftheHexiCorridorisabout1,000kilometers.It’s___37___goldenchannel