新視野大學(xué)英語讀寫教程第二冊一單元textb單詞unit1textb

spiten.inspiteof:notbeingpreventedby(sb./sth.);regardlessof(用于短語)雖然；不顧，盡管Theywentoutinspiteoftherain.盡管下雨，他們還是外出了。(U)desiretohurt,offendanotherperson;illwill惡意；怨恨,Hewrotethatarticlefrompurespite.他寫那篇文章純粹是為了泄憤。adj.spiteful懷恨的，惡意的adv.spitefully懷恨地；懷惡意地n.spitefulness懷恨在心clashvi.1.disagreeseriously(aboutsth.)嚴(yán)重不一致，沖突Thecoupleclashedonthequestionofwheretospendtheirholidays.上哪兒去度假意見不一2.cometogetherandfight沖突，交鋒，遭遇Thetwoarmiesclashedneartheboundarythismorning.今晨兩支軍隊(duì)在邊境附近發(fā)生了交火n.1.不一致，爭論Thereisaclashofinterestsinthisproject.在項(xiàng)目中存在著利益上的沖突2.抵觸，沖突Thedemonstrationendedinaviolentclashwiththepolice.示威游行與警察沖突traditionn.[U,C]傳統(tǒng)，慣例Bytradition,peopleplayjokesonApril1.Theydecidedtobreakwithtradition.他們決定打破慣例。adjustmentn.調(diào)整N-COUNTAnadjustmentisasmallchangethatismadetosomethingsuchasamachineorawayofdoingsomething.(對機(jī)器、做事方法等的)調(diào)整Theadjustmentoftheinterestratewillmoderate.javascript:void(0);利率的調(diào)整將會(huì)放緩。.N-COUNTAnadjustmentisachangeinaperson'sbehaviourorthinking.(對行為、思想等的)調(diào)整Hewillhavetomakemajoradjustmentstohisthinkingifheistosurviveinoffice.他要想繼續(xù)任職的話，就得對他的思維方式作大的調(diào)整。honeymoonn..蜜月期，和諧期n.honeymooner度蜜月的人They'regoingtohoneymooninEurope.javascript:void(0);他們打算在歐洲度蜜月。marvelous(英marvellous)a.surprising;outstanding;wonderful驚奇的，奇妙的，不可思議的Theperformanceissimplymarvelous.演出精彩極了！adv.marvelously奇跡般地；不可思議地；令人驚訝地n.marvel奇跡vi.marvel感到驚訝vt.marvel對…感到驚異amusevt.1.make(sb.)laughorsmile逗......樂（笑）Everyonewasamusedatthestoryaboutthedog.大家都被那只狗的故事逗笑了。Sheamusedthechildrenwithtricks.她玩一些小把戲來逗孩子們快樂。2.Maketimepasspleasantlyfor(sb.)給......娛樂（消遣）；以......自娛Hereadsthebooksonlybecauseitamuseshim.他讀書只是因?yàn)槟墙o他帶來樂趣。amusementn.1.[C]thingthatmakestimepasspleasantly娛樂（消遣）活動(dòng)，娛樂品，娛樂場所Thehoteloffersitsguestsawidevarietyofamusements.這家旅館為客人們提供各式各樣的娛樂活動(dòng)。Outdooramusementwillrelaxyouafteraday'sworkinoffice.在辦公室里呆了一整天之后，戶外娛樂活動(dòng)可使你得到放松。2.[U]stateofbeingamused娛樂，快樂Shecouldnotcoverheramusementathismistake.對他的錯(cuò)誤，她禁不住覺得好笑。Toeverybody'samusement,theactorfelloffthestage.那個(gè)演員從舞臺上掉了下來，大家都感到好笑。endingn.[C]end,esp.ofastory,filmorword（尤指故事、影片、戲?。┙Y(jié)局，結(jié)尾astorywithahappyending一個(gè)結(jié)局幸福美滿的故事Peoplewanttobeentertained;theywantlovestorieswithhappyendings.人們希望能享受快樂；他們喜歡結(jié)局美滿的愛情故事。hostilea.1.showingstronghateorobjectingto;veryunfriendly懷有敵意的，敵對的Shefoundhisattitudetoherobviouslyhostile.她發(fā)現(xiàn)他對自己的態(tài)度明顯地懷有敵意。Shegavehimahostilelook.她懷有敵意地看了他一眼。2.ofanenemy敵方的ahostilearmy敵軍hostilityn.1.[U]beinghostile(tosb./sth.)敵意，敵對，敵視Thereisnowopenhostilitybetweenthetwoleaders.兩位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之間的敵意已經(jīng)公開化了。Theirfriendshipisregardedwithhostility.人們用敵意的眼光注視著他們間的友誼。2.[U]beingagainst抵制，反對Hisideasmetwithsomehostility.他的意見遭到了一些反對。Hishostilitytoyourplaniswell-known.他反對你的計(jì)劃是眾所周知的。3.（pl.）actsofwar;fighting戰(zhàn)爭，戰(zhàn)斗HostilitiesbrokeoutbetweenGermanyandFrancein1939.德法之間于1939年爆發(fā)了戰(zhàn)爭。Theenemysuggestedstoppinghostilitiesfor24hours.敵方建議?；?4小時(shí)。moreoverad.(usedtointroducesth.newthataddstoorsupportsthepreviousstatement)further;aswell;inaddition再有，此外，而且Idon'twanttogoskating;moreover,theiceistoothin.我不想去滑冰；再說，冰也太薄了。Theideawasnotgood;moreover,itwouldhavebeentooexpensive.這個(gè)建議不太好，而且實(shí)施起來花費(fèi)也太大。distressn.1.[U](causeof)greatpain,sadness,suffering,etc.痛苦，苦惱，憂傷（的原因）Herdeathwasagreatdistresstoallthefamily.她的去世使全家人感到萬分悲痛。Twoindistressmakessorrowless.同病相憐。Hisdistresswassharedbyallhisfriends.他的朋友們都幫他分擔(dān)憂愁。2.[U]suffering(causedbylackofmoney,food,etc.)（缺錢、缺食物造成的）窮苦，貧困Hespenthismoneyinreducingdistressamongthepoor.他疏財(cái)濟(jì)貧。3.[U]astateofbeingindangerordifficultyandrequiringhelp危險(xiǎn)，危難anairplaneindistress遇險(xiǎn)的飛機(jī)adistressflag危險(xiǎn)信號旗vt.causedistressto(sb./sth.)使痛苦，使悲痛，使憂傷，使貧困Pleasedon'tdistressyourself.請別憂傷。Iwasmostdistressedtohearthesadnewsofyourfather'sdeath.聽到你父親去世的噩耗我非常難過。devisevt.thinkout(aplan,tool,etc.)想出（計(jì)劃），發(fā)明（設(shè)備、工具）Theteacherhasdevisedanewmethodofteachingforeignlanguages.那位老師發(fā)明了一種教授外語的新方法。Hedevisedaplanforgettingthejewelsoutofthecountry.他想出了一個(gè)把珠寶運(yùn)出國的計(jì)劃。mechanismn.[C]【心】心理機(jī)制，機(jī)理Heroffensivewayisjustadefensemechanism.她的粗魯不過是出于防衛(wèi)心理。[C]methodorstepsforgettingthingsdone手法，技巧，途徑Thereisnomechanismforchangingthedecision.這決定是不能改變的。Themechanismforcollectingtaxesneedsimproving.收稅制度需要改進(jìn)。[C]workingpartsofamachine,etc.機(jī)械裝置，機(jī)件Somethingiswrongwiththemechanismofourradio.我們收音機(jī)的裝置出毛病了。Theyaredevelopinganewturningmechanismforthedevice.他們正在研制這一設(shè)備的新的旋轉(zhuǎn)裝置。copevi.（with）managesuccessfully;beabletodealwithsth.difficult（成功地）應(yīng)付，能對付Therewastoomuchworkforourcomputertocopewith.工作太多，我們的計(jì)算機(jī)難以應(yīng)付。Schoolcommunitieshavetocopewithchangingnumbersofpupils.學(xué)校體制必須能適應(yīng)學(xué)生人數(shù)的變化。repressionn.1.[U]controlorpreventing【心】壓抑（把本能的欲望和沖動(dòng)，尤與一般公認(rèn)的行為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相沖突的，壓抑于潛意識中），壓抑作用，壓抑機(jī)制Therepressionofone'struefeelingsiswrong.抑制自己的真實(shí)情感是不對的。Hefeltthatmuchunhappinesswasbecauseofrepression.他感到許多的不快都是由壓抑引起的。2.[U]cruelandseverecontrol鎮(zhèn)壓，抑制Thepoliticalrepressioninthiscountryisimposedbyseverefear.這個(gè)國家的政治鎮(zhèn)壓是通過恐怖行動(dòng)來實(shí)施的。regressionn.[U]returntoaformerstate【心】回歸，倒退（指當(dāng)個(gè)人追求的愿望得不到滿足或受嚴(yán)重挫折時(shí)，即以與其年齡不相稱的發(fā)展早期的某些原始的幼稚行為來適應(yīng)當(dāng)前，由意識狀態(tài)倒退到無意識狀態(tài)的一種變態(tài)心理現(xiàn)象。）isolatevt.putorkeepsb./sth.entirelyapartfromotherpeopleorthings;separatesb./sth.使孤立，使隔絕，使隔離Severalvillageshavebeenisolatedbyheavysnowfalls.因?yàn)橄铝舜笱┯袔讉€(gè)村莊與外界斷絕了聯(lián)系。Thepatientsweresoonisolated.病人被立即隔離。isolationn.[U]isolatingorbeingisolated隔離，孤立，分解，分離Theyliveincompleteisolationinamountain.他們在一座山里過著完全與世隔絕的生活。fightinisolation孤軍奮戰(zhàn)avoidvt.keeponeselfawayfromsb./sth.避開，逃避He'sbeenavoidingmesinceourquarrel.自從我們上次吵嘴后，他一直躲著我。Theoldmanavoidedhisneighbors'eyes.那個(gè)老人躲避著鄰居的目光。stopsth.happening;prevent避免，防止Ijustavoidedrunningoverthecat.我的車險(xiǎn)些軋著那只貓。Youmustavoidgivinganyunnecessaryinformation.你應(yīng)該盡量不要提供不必要的信息。rejectvt.1.refusetoaccept(sb./sth.)拒絕，不接受Sherejectedhisofferofmarriage.她拒絕了他的求婚。Hewasrejectedforthearmybecauseofhispoorsight.他由于視力差而未被接受入伍。2.throw(sth.)awayasnottobeused,chosen,done,etc.拋棄，丟棄Damagedproductswererejectedbyourqualitycontrol.受損的產(chǎn)品經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)不合格而報(bào)廢。Itwashardformetorejectmybeliefs.要我放棄自己的信仰是困難的。n.[C]rejectedpersonorthing被棄或被拒的人或物ThisTVischeap,becauseit'sareject.這臺電視機(jī)很便宜，因?yàn)槭堑韧馄贰society'sreject社會(huì)棄兒rejectionn.[U,C]rejectingorbeingrejected拒絕，被拒，拋棄，被棄Thecompany'srejectionmadehimdisappointed.公司的回絕令他很失望。I'veappliedfortenjobs,butallI'vegotbackisrejections.我申請了10份工作，但都被回絕了。helpfula.givinghelp;useful有幫助的；有益的He'salwaysveryhelpfultohismother.他對他母親總是很有幫助。ahelpfulfriend益友recognitionn.1.[U]thestateofbeingacceptedaslegal,real,orvaluable承認(rèn)，認(rèn)可Someartistsgainrecognitionafterdeath.有些藝術(shù)家死后才得到認(rèn)可。Thenewgovernmenthasnotyetreceivedrecognitionfromothercountries.新政府尚未獲得其他國家的承認(rèn)。2.[U]thefactofknowingsb.orsth.認(rèn)出，認(rèn)識Shehopedshewouldavoidrecognitionbywearingdarkglassesandahat.她戴上墨鏡和帽子，希望這樣就不會(huì)被人認(rèn)出來。Isaidhellotohimbutheshowednorecognition.我跟他打招呼，但他沒有認(rèn)出我。3.[U]rewardorhonor酬謝;賞識，表彰Theygavetheboyamedalinrecognitionofhiscourage.他們授給這男孩一枚勛章，以表彰他的勇敢精神。recoveryn.1.(sing.)[U]returntoanormalstate恢復(fù)，復(fù)原，痊愈He'snowwellonthewaytorecovery.他在順利地康復(fù)。He'spastrecovery.他已全無康復(fù)的希望。2.[U]gettingback尋回，追回，收復(fù)therecoveryofstolengoods贓物的追回therecoveryofafallencity失陷城市的收復(fù)comprehensionn.1.[U](powerof)understanding理解（力），領(lǐng)悟Thiswilldevelophiscomprehension.這將會(huì)培養(yǎng)他的理解能力。Shehadnocomprehensionofherhusband'sproblems.她絲毫不理解她丈夫的問題。2.[U,C]exerciseaimedatimprovingortestingone'sunderstanding(writtenorspoken)（書面或口頭）理解力練習(xí)，理解力測驗(yàn)Wearegoingtodoalisteningcomprehension.我們打算做聽力理解練習(xí)。favorable(英favourable)a.1.helpful;suitable有幫助的，適宜的favorablewinds順風(fēng)Thepositionofhisshopisfavorabletobusiness.他的商店所處位置有利于生意。2.givingorshowingagreement贊同的It'sencouragingtoreceiveafavorablereportonone'swork.收到一份對自己工作表示贊同的報(bào)告，是令人鼓舞的。Wefoundthatmostpeoplewerefavorabletotheidea.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)大多數(shù)人都贊成這個(gè)意見。symptomn.1.[C]changeinthebodythatshowsanillness癥候，癥狀Thesymptomsdon'tappearuntilafewdayslater.癥狀要到幾天后才會(huì)出現(xiàn)。Allthesymptomspointtoacold.所有的癥狀都表明是感冒。2.[C]signoftheexistenceofsth.wrong（壞事物存在的）跡象，征兆，征候Herecognizesthesymptoms,butrefusestoadmitthathehasmadeamistake.他承認(rèn)這些跡象，但不愿承認(rèn)自己是犯了錯(cuò)誤。TheGovernmentmustnotignorethesesymptomsofpresenteconomicproblems.政府不應(yīng)忽視這些現(xiàn)存經(jīng)濟(jì)問題的征候。distinctionn.1.[C]specialelement,specialoruniquequality個(gè)性，特征Hehadthedistinctionofbeingthefirstmantowalkonthemoon.他作為月球上行走第一人而聞名于世。2.[C,U]adifferenceorcontrastbetweenoneperson/thingandanother區(qū)分，區(qū)別Thereisnoobviousdistinctionbetweenthetwins.那對孿生兒之間沒有明顯的差異。There'sacleardistinctionbetweentheformsofspeechinthetworegions.兩地的方言有明顯的差異。3.[U]aqualityofexcellence卓著，盛名adancerofdistinction鳳毛麟角的舞蹈家appreciatevt.1.understandandenjoy(sth.);valuehighly欣賞，賞識Youcan'tfullyappreciateShakespeareintranslation.你無法通過翻譯去充分欣賞莎士比亞的作品。2.understand(sth.)withsympathy理解，意識到，懂得Iappreciateyourproblem,butIdon'tthi