2023年雅思劍橋9聽(tīng)力和閱讀文本

雅思聽(tīng)力閱讀文本IEＬTS劍９(TEST1）聽(tīng)力Ｓecｔion1W：Gｏｏdｅｖｅning.King'ｓｒestauｒａnt.M:Goodevｅning.I'mｒiｎgｉngａboutthejｏbIundersｔandｙｏuhavevacant？W:Oh，yes.M:I'ｄlｉketofinｄoutafｅwmoｒedetaiｌｓifImay.W:Yｅｓ,ofcourｓe．CａｎI(lǐng)ｔaｋeｙoｕrname?Ｍ:It＇sPｅterＣhｉn.W:Oｋ，Peter.Ｗell，ifyouｗaｎttoasｋaboｕｔｔｈeｊoｂandtｈenｉfwe'rｅbothｓｔｉlｌinteresｔed，wecouldaｒrangeｙoｕtocｏmｅfｏraniｎtｅrｖiew.M:Ｇreat,thanｋs.Ｉ'mafraidImissｅｄｔheadvｅrtｆorthｅjoｂbutIｈearｄaboutitfｒoｍafrｉend.W:Ｔhａt(yī)'snoproblemａｔalｌ.Whａt(yī)woｕｌｄｙouliketｏｋnow?M:Wｅll,um,wｈａｔsortｏｆwoｒkisit-wａｓhｉngｕｐ?W:Ｉｔ＇saｎｓwｅｒｉnｇthｅphone.M:Oh，right,fｉne.W：Andｎｏtｗａitiｎgattable.M：That＇lｌｂeｇood．Ａndhoｗｍaｎynigｈｔsａweekｗouldｉtｂe?W：Well,we'reｒeaｌlyoｎｌybuｓyattheweｅkｅｎｄ.Ｍ：Ｓotwｏｎigｈts?W：Thrｅe(cuò)actually,soiｔｗｏuldwｏrkout１2hｏurｓaｗｅe(cuò)k.M：Thａt(yī)'dbｅfｉnｅ.Iｔwouldｎ'ｔｉnteｒfｅrewitｈmｙｓtudies.W:Areyouinthｅｕniversity?M:Yeｓ,fiｒstyｅａrPｈysｉｃsstudeｎt．W:Oh,righｔM:ＢecauseI'mnoｔaｎEUnationａl,wouｌdInｅｅｄａworkpｅrmit？W:Yes,ｙouwｏuld．Jusｔｇetyoｕtｕtoｒtosｉgnit.M：Tｈatwｏuldn'ｔbｅaｐrｏblemifIweretｏgｅtｔhejｏb.Um,ｗherｅe(cuò)xａcｔｌyｉsｔhereｓtａuｒaｎt?W：Well,wehavetwobｒanｃｈｅｓ-theonewe'rerecruitiｎgfｏｒisｉnHｉllsdunnerｏad.M:Eｍ,Idon'tknowtｈat．Hoｗdoyouspelｌｉｔ,pleaｓe?W：It＇sH-I-doｕbｌeＬ-S-D－U－doubｌｅN－EＲoaｄ．Ｍ:Gotthａt(yī),ｔｈaｎks.Isiｔneａrａbusｓtoｐ？W：Yes,thenｅarestonewouldprobaｂlybejustbesｉdetｈelｉbrary.Ｍ:Ｏh，yes，Ｉｋnowit.Ｔhaｔ'lｌbefｉｎefｏｒme.AndｃoｕldIasｋaboutthepａy?W:We'reoffｅｒing4.45ｐoundｓanhouｒ.M:Tｈat'sｖerygood.Myｌastjｏbwas3.９5anｈour.W:Wefｅe(cuò)ｌｉt'spｒettygoodanｄwealｓoｏffeｒsomｅgｏodfringebｅnefits（附加福利）．M:Ｒealｌy?Ｗ:Welｌ,ｗegiveyouafreedｉnnｅｒ,ｓoｙoｕｅａt(yī)weｌl.M：Righｔ.Bｅttｅrthanhosｔelｆoｏｄ.W:Ｗeceｒtaiｎｌyhopeｓo.Anｄwealsoｏｆfereｘｔrapayfｏｒworkingonｎatiｏnalholidａys.M:Ｏｈ,ｔhat＇sarｅａllｙgoodpeｒk(額外收入),ｉsｎ＇tit?Ｗ:Yｅs,ｗeｔhｉnkｓo．Andthenｂecauｓeofthｅdifficultiesoｆgettingpuｂliｃtrａnｓpｏrｔ，ｉfyoｕ'reworkingaftｅr1１o'cｌock,wｅdrｉvｅyｏuhｏme.M:Ｏh,that'sgｏoｄtｏknｏｗ.Ｗ:Ｗe'dｃerｔaiｎlybeiｎｔeｒｅstedininvitingyｏuｆoraninｔervｉew,ifyｏｕ＇reｓtｉllｉntereｓteｄ？M:Oｈ，yes,ｃertainly.CouｌdIjuｓtalsｏaｓkwhatquａｌitieｓｙoｕ'ｒｅlooiｎgfoｒ?W:Wｅlｌ,fortｈisparｔicｕlarjoｂ,ｗewaｎtaｃlearvoice,whiｃhyoｕobviｏuslydohａveＭ:Thａnks.W：Andyｏumustbｅablｅtoｔhiｎkquｉckly，yoｕknow.Ｍ:Ｗelｌ，IｈoｐeI'd．..Ｗ:Ｓｏ,ｗhｅncouldyoｕcomeinforaniｎterview?We'reａctualｌyｑuitequｉｅｔtonｉghｔ？M:Sorry,Icoｕlｄｎ'tcomｅtoniｇｈtｏrｔoｍorroｗ,I'mａfrａｉd.Thurｓdayisok,that'ｄbe２2ｎdofOctobｅr.Ｗ:Ｆinｅ,after５ｐm?M:Yeｓ,finｅ．Would6o'cloｃkbｅok?W：Pｅrfecｔ.Andcouldyoｕbｒinｇalｏｎgthenamｅsｏftworeｆｅrees？Ｍ:Yes,tｈａｔ'ｓｆinｅ．Noｐroblem.W:Goｏｄ,Iｌｏｏkforwarｄtｏseeinｇyｏu.M:Oh,bytheｗay,ｗhoshouldIaskfor?W:Oh，yｅs,ofcｏuｒse,sorry.MynａｍeｉｓSamirａManｕja.Ｍ:Canyouｓpｅllthaｔplｅａsｅ?W:M-a-n-u-j-aM:Ｏk,Ｉ'vｅgｏｔthat.Ｔhankｙouveｒymｕch.W:Lookforwａｒdtｏｓeｅｉnglateｒ．.．聽(tīng)力Sｅcｔion2Ｍ：ＮowwegoｔoJａnｅｗhoiｓgoiｎｇtｏtellusaboutwhat＇sｈaｐpeningintoｗnｔhiswｅe(cuò)kend．W:Ｒight,thａnks,Andｒｅｗ,aｎｄnｏｗｏｎtowhat'snew，anｄｄoｗereaｌｌynｅe(cuò)dｙetanotheｒsportsｓhoppinｇBｒadcasｔer？Well，ｍoｓtofyoｕproｂablykｎowSportsWorld-tｈｅbranchofaDanishsｐｏrtsgoodscompanyｔhaｔoｐeｎｅdafewｙeａrｓago-it'ｓaｔtraｃｔedalotofｃｕstom,ａｎdsothｅｃompaｎｙhasnoｗdｅciｄeｄｔooｐenaｎｏtheｒbｒanchｉntｈearｅa.It'sgoｉｎｇtobeiｎthｅshoppiｎｇceｎterｔothｅwestoｆBradcasｔer，sｏｔhａt(yī)wｉllbegoｏdnｅｗsfｏraｌlｏｆyouｗｈofoundtｈｅorｉgｉnalｓhopintheNoｒｔhoftｈeｔownhardｔoｇｅtto.IｗasｉnviｔｅdtoaspeciaｌprｅｖiewａndIcaｎpｒoｍiseyou,ｔhiｓistheultimaｔｅｉnsportsretａilｉng.Tｈｅｗｈoleplaｃeｈasbeengiｖenanewminimａlist(極簡(jiǎn)主義者)lookｗiththｅcｏmpａnｙ＇sｓｉgnaｔurecolorsofblackａｎdrｅd．Thefirｓｔｔｈreefloorshａｖeaｈugeranｇeofsportscｌothinｇaswelｌaｓｔheeqｕipmeｎt．Anｄonthｅtoｐfloor,theｒｅiｓacａｆeaｎdabook&DVDｓｅctｉoｎ.Ｙｏｕ'llｆiｎｄallｔheweｌｌ-ｋnownnamｅｓaswellassomelessweｌｌ-knoｗnoneｓ.Ｉｆtｈeyhaven'tｇoteｘaｃｔlyｗhatyoｕｗantｉnｔhestoｃk,thｅypｒoｍiseｄｔogetitforyouｉn10daｙs,unliketheotheｒsｔoｒe,whereitcanｔakｅupto14days.Tｈeｙcoveｒaｌltｈemａjoｒsports,iｎcluｄingfoｏtbａll,tｅｎｎis，ａｎdsｗiｍmｉng，buttheｙparｔiculaｒｌyfocusonｒuｎniｎganｄｔheycｌａimｔｏhａvethewidesｔranｇeｏfeqｕｉｐmeｎtinthｅcountｒy.Aｓwellasthat,awｈoleseｃtｉoｎoftｈethirdｆloｏｒisdevotｅｄｔoｓｐｏrtsbagｓ,incluｄｉｎgtheｌａt(yī)ｅsｔdesignfrｏｍｔheStates-Ｉｆyｏucan'tfｉnｄwｈａt(yī)youｗａnthere，iｔdoeｓｎ'ｔexist.Thｅsｈｏpwouldｂｅopｅnfｒｏm9aｍthｉsＳａt(yī)uｒday,andｉｆyouｇoａloｎｇtotｈｅoｐenｉngthenｙou'llｈavetheｃhａnｃetomeetthｅnaｔｉｏnal400metｅrsｒunｎingｃhaｍｐioｎPaulKing,who'scｏmingalongtoopenthｅshop，aｎdｈewillbeｓtａyａｒoｕnduｎtilaboutthemiddayｔochａｔtoanｙfａnswhowａnｔtomeethｉmandsiｇnａutographs．Thｅｎｔhｅrewｉｌlbeawhｏｌｅrａngｅｏｆspecｉalatｔractioｎsａllwｅｅkeｎｄ.Therewillｂefrｅe(cuò)tｉcketsｆｏrlｏｃalspoｒtｉｎｇｅveｎtsfortheｆiｒｓt50ｃｕsｔｏmerｓ,andalsｏaspecｉalｃompeｔｉtiｏnopentoall,justａnsweｒ15outｏf20ｓｐoｒtsｑuestｉｏnsｃoｒrectlyｔｏwinasigｎeｄｃopｙoｆPaulKｉng'ｓDVD'ＳpringTips',whiｌethｅfirsｔｐersontｏgetalｌthｅquestｉonｓcorrectgｅtsayear'ｓｆｒeemeｍｂershipoｆtheBｒadcasterGym.AlleｎｔrancewｉllｒecｅiveａspeｃialSportｓcaleｎdarwithdetailsoｆａllBradcasterfｉxｔｕresｉntｈeｃoｍingyear.Ｏnｅofthespecialopｅningｏffｅrsisaｆitnesstｅst-aｃｏmpletｅｒeviewofyourｃardiacfitnessandmｕscleｔｏnｅ,aｃtｕallydoｎeintｈeshopbyquaｌifiｅdsｔaｆf.Thiｓwｏuｌdnorｍallyｃｏsｔ3０poundsｂｕtisaｖaiｌablｅathaｌfｐriceforｔhｉｓmoｎthoｎly.Thereａｒeonlyaｌｉｍiｔｅdnumｂerofｐlacesavailabｌｅｆｏrtｈｉｓ,sotomakeabooｋｉngphonｅ560341．Inaｄｄitｉｏn,iｆyｏuopenaｎaｃcouｎｔyｏuｇｅtlotsmorespｅcialofferｓincludingthechaｎcｅtotrｙouttheeｑuiｐｍentaｔtｈespｅciaｌｏpeninｇeｖeniｎｇs．．.聽(tīng)力Ｓectioｎ３Prｏ：Ｂefoｒｅwｅstart,SpiroｓａｎdＨiroko，ｔhanksforcｏmingiｎtodａytｏtaｌkabouｔyourｒecentstuｄｙexperiencｅsａndｃｏnｇratuｌａt(yī)ionstoyoubothindoiｎｇsoｗellｉnthefiｒstsemｅｓｔeｒeｘamｓ.I'ｄlｉkｅtodiscusswithｙouthevaｌuｅoｆthｅEｎglisｈｆｏrAｃａｄeｍiｃＰurposｅscｏurseｙoｕｄidherｅlastyｅarbeforestaｒtｉngyｏurunｉversitycｏurse．Spiros,iｆＩcoｕldstartwitｈｙou,wｈａt(yī)pａｒtsoftｈepｒoｇrammehａvenｏwprovedtｏbeparticularlｙvaluaｂletｏyoｕ?S：Itｈiｎktｈathａvingtｏdoasｅmiｎaｒpreseｎtationreａｌlyhelpｅdme.Foｒｅｘａmple,acouplｅｏfwｅe(cuò)ｋｓagoinoｕｒmａｒkｅｔiｎｇsｕbjｅct，wｈeniｔwaｓmyturnｔogｉveｐresentation,Ifｅｌtｑuiｔecｏnfident.Ofcourse，IwasstillnerｖousbutbeｃaｕseIhaｄdoneoｎeｂeｆｏre,Ikneｗwhattoexpecｔ.Also,IknｏwＩwａswellprｅｐaredａndIhadｐraｃtiｓedｍｙtｉｍing.Infaｃt,Ithinkthａt(yī)iｎrｅlatｉｏntosomｅofｔｈｅotheｒｐeopleｉnmｙgrｏup，Iｄidqｕiteaｇoｏｄjobbeｃaｕseｍyoｖerallstylewaｓｑｕiteprofｅssｉonal.Pｒｏ：Whａt(yī)aｂｏutyｏuHiroko?H：Mmｍ,tｈaｔ'sintｅrestinｇ.Inmｙgroｕp,Iwaｓrｅallｙｓuｒｐrisｅdbyｔｈｅwａystudｅｎtsdidthｅiｒｐresentａt(yī)iｏns－theyjustｒeadｔｈenotesalouｄ．Canyouｂelieｖethaｔ?Ｔheyｄｉdｎ'twoｒryａbouｔtheirpｒeｓenｔationstｙleｏｒkeｅpinｇeyｅcoｎtaｃtwitｈtheiraudienｃe-aｎｄIremeｍbeｒthaｔtheｓｅtｈingｓweｒｅｒeallyｓtressedtousinthecｏursehere.Pro:So,howdidyouａpproachyｏurpｒeｓeｎtatiｏnＨirokｏ?H:Ｗｅｌｌ，tosｐｅakfranklｙ,Irｅadmynotestｏo.Aｔｔhetiｍe,ｉｔwasａｒeｌiｅｆｔodｏitthisｗay,butａctｕalｌyｗheｎI(lǐng)ｈaｄfｉniｓｈｅｄＩdｉｄｎ'ｔｆelｌaｎyｒｅalsenseｏfsatisｆaｃtiｏn．Ididｎ＇ｔｆeｅlpｏsiｔiveaｂouｔtheexperiｅnceatａｌｌ.S:That'sapity.ＹｏuｋnoｗalthougｈIwasｐleaｓｅdwiｔhｍyｐｒesentａｔioｎ,I'mnotｓｏplｅaｓｅdｗithｍyaｃｔualpeｒfｏｒｍanceriｇhtnoｗintheｔｕtoriａｌs-durinｇtheｗｈoｌesemｅsｔeｒI'vｅnotｓaidaｎythｉngiｎourtuｔorｉalｄiｓcussionｓ.Nｏｔaｗord．H:Reａlly,Ｓpiｒos,whｙisｔhaｔ？Dotｈｅotherstｕdenｔｓtaｌktoomuｃh?S:Ｉt'spartlythaｔ，butｉt＇ｓmostｌybecauseIhaveｈaｄｎoconｆｉｄeｎcetospeａkouｔ.Theiｒsｔyleoｆｓpｅakiｎgissoｄiffeｒｅn-it＇ｓnotｔhestｙlewewerｅusｅdtoｄuｒingｔhｅcｏurse.Thｅreａresomanycolｌｏquialisｍ(白話，口語(yǔ)，俗話，方言)，thｅｙｎoｔveｒypolitｅaｎdｓｏｍetimesｔheyseｅｍstoｂｅnoorderｉｎtheirdｉｓcussion.Aｌｓoｔｈｅyarevｅryfamｉliarｗitheachｏｔｈer,sｏbecauｓetheyknowｅachoｔhｅｒ'shａｂiｔs,theycaｎlｅteaｃhotheｒiｎtoｔhedｉscussion.H:You＇reright,Sｐiｒｏs.I'vｅｅxｐerienceｄthaｔtoo.H:Fｏｒｍostoftｈｉssemesｔｅr,Ｉ'veｓａｉdaｂsoluｔelynoｔhiｎgｉｎtwotutｏrialｓ.ButreｃeｎtlｙＩ'ｖebeentryingｔospeakｕpｍoreanｄＩjustjumpiｎ．ＡndI'vｅnoticｅdanｉnteｒｅstiｎgthing.Ｉ'ｖenoｔiｃｅdｔhａt(yī)ｉｆthｅythougｈtmypointwasinterestｉｎgａndnew,thenthｅｎeｘｔtｉmeｔheyaｃtｕallyaskedformyopiniｏn,anｄthenｉtwasmuｃheasierｆｏrｍetｏｂepａｒｔｏfthedｉscuｓｓioｎ．S：Ｔhat'sｇreat,Hirｏko.Ihopｅthａt(yī)ｈappeｎsfoｒmeｎextsemｅｓteｒ-I'lｌｈavetｏwｏｒkhａｒdtofindsomｅｉntereｓtingｐoinｔs．Ｗｈathelpyoｕtofindｔhesｅｉdeas?H:Ithinktｈaｔonｅｔｈingthaｔheｌpedmewiththiswastｈeｒeadinｇ．I'vehadｔodｏsomuchreadiｎｇthissｅmeｓterjuｓttoｈelpmｅｔomaｋｅsenｓeofthelｅｃtuｒeｓ.AtｆirsｔＩcouｌdn’ｔundersｔandwhatthｅlecturｅｒsweretalkｉngaｂｏｕt,sｏＩhａdｔotｕrntotheｂookｓａnｄjournaｌs.EｖeｒｙnightＩrｅadforhouｒｓ，usiｎgｔheｌｉstｓｏｆreferenｃestｈatwereｇｉven,ａｎdIｍadepaｇesｏｆnotｅs.Ａｔbreakｆast,Ｉrｅadandreadmynotesagain．Ｔhishaｂithａｓhｅｌpeｄｍｅtoｆolｌowtheiｄeasinthelｅｃtuｒｅs,ａｎｄit'saｌsｏgiｖenmｅsｏｍeｉdeastouｓｅiｎｔｈeｔutｏrials．S:ＢｕtIdidsomｕcｈreadingsanｙwａy-Idon'ttｈinkthｅre'sanyｔimeｌeｆtoｖeｒforａnyｔｈingextra．Myreａdingsｐeedisstｉllqｕiteslow，ｔhoughＩ'mmuｃhbetteratdeａlｉngｗｉｔhvocabulａｒyｔhanＩusｅｄtｏｂｅ．Pro:Whatｅlseｄoyouthinｋwecoｕlｄａddtｏthecoursｅprogrａmｔohelpwiththisｒeadingpｒobleｍ?S:Ｅr,tｈere'snotrｅaｌlｙanytｈingbecauｓｅit＇ｓmyproblem.Iremeｍbｅrｗewerｅgiveｎlonｇarｔiclestorｅａd.Ｗeｄidｎ'tｌikｅtｈａt(yī)butｎowIrealisethaｔreaｄingtｈoselongartiｃｌesｗasgoodprepａraｔｉonfortｈeｔhinｇsＩｎeedtｏreadnow．Alｓo,inｃlasswerｅｇｕlarｌyｈadsｐeｅｄ－ｒeａdiｎgｔａskstodｏ,andwｅkeptaｒｅcordoｆourreadiｎgspｅe(cuò)d,sotheteaｃheｒsｗerｅe(cuò)ncouｒａgｉngｕstoｗorkｏnthａt(yī)．H:That'strｕe,Spiros,buｔｗhaｔwereaｄｃoulｄｈavebeendifｆerenｔ．SｏmetiｍeｉｎtheＥngｌｉsｈclaｓsIｆｅｌtfrustｒａｔedwhｅnＩｈadｔｏｒeadａrｔicｌｅsａbouttheenｖirｏnmentoｒhealthoreｄuｃation,ｂecauseIｗantedtoｃoncｅntrateonｍｙownfｉeld,buｔwediｄn'trｅadａnytｈingabouteｎgineeｒｉng.So,IｔhiｎkIwａstedｓometimｅleａrningｖocａbuｌａryＩdidｎ'ｔｎeｅｄ.Pro:Ｂuｔｓurｅlyｔhisstrａt(yī)ｅgiｅsyouweｒetaｕghｔfordeａlinｇwiｔhthａt(yī)vocaｂuｌａrywerｅｈelpfuｌ？H:Yｅs，ｂutｐsｙｃhologicａlｌyspeａkinｇ,Ｉwouldｈaｖefeltmｕchbｅtterworkingonreadiｎgｆｒoｍｍyｏwｎfieｌd.WｈatｄoｙoｕｔｈinkSpiｒos?Ｓ:Weｌl，Iagree.Ｔhａt(yī)ｗoｕldｈavｅhelpｅdｍyｃｏnfｉdeｎｃetｏo,aｎdIwouldhａvebeenｍoｒｅmｏtｉvateｄ.Andｉtwasgoodthoｕｇｈthatwecouldｗｏrkonouｒoｗntoｐｉcsｗhenｗewｒotethereseａrｃｈａssignｍents.Prｏ:Ｏk,ｔhａｔ'smｏvｅｏntowritiｎgnow...聽(tīng)力Section4Ｇｏodafｔｅrnooｎevｅryｏnｅ.Welｌ,wｉthsomeｏfyouwillｇoouｔonfｉelｄworkit＇stimelｙthａｔinthiｓafterｎoon＇ｓsessionI'llｂｅshariｎgsomｅideａsａboutｔhereａsonswhｙｇroupｓｏfwｈalesanｄdolpｈiｎssｏmetimesswimashorｅfromtheseaｒｉghｔontｏｔhebｅacｈanｄ,mostoften,dieinwhatwerｅknownas"masssｔraｎdinｇ＂.Uｎfｏrtunateｌｙ,tｈistypeｏｆevｅnｔisafｒequentoccｕrｒeｎceｉnsoｍeofｔｈelocatｉonsthatyｏu'lｌbetraveｌlingｔo,whｅrｅsomeｔiｍesthetidegｏesoｕｔｓuddenly,confusingtheanimaｌs.Howeveｒ,theｒeａrｅｍaｎyｏthertheｏriesaboutｔｈeｃａuseｓofｍassstrandingｓ.Thefirｓｔiｓthａt(yī)thebeｈavｉorislinkedｔopａrasites.Iｔ'sｏｆtenfoundｔhａt(yī)strandedａniｍalswereｉnfestedwithlarｇenumbersoｆparasitｅs.Forinstance，ａt(yī)ｙpeofwormiｓcommｏnlyfouｎdintheｅａｒsoｆdｅadwhaｌes.Sincemａrineanｉmaｌsrｅlyheavilｙontheirｈeａrｉngtonavigate,ｔhiｓtypeｏfiｎfesｔatiｏｎhａsthｅpoteｎｔialtobeｖeｒyharmｆuｌ．Anotheｒtheoryisreｌａｔedｔｏtoxins,orｐoisoｎs.Thesｅhavealsobeｅｎｆouｎdtｏcｏｎｔｒiｂuｔeｔothedeaｔhofmanｙmarineanimａls．Manｙtoxiｎs,asI'msureyou＇reａｗａre,origｉnatｅfroｍplants,ｏranｉmaｌs.Thewhaleiｎgeｓtｓｔhｅsetoxinsinitｓnormalｆeeｄingbehａvｉorbutｗｈeｔherｔhesepoｉsｏnｓｄirｅctlyoｒindiｒecｔlyleaｄtostraｎdingaｎdｄeatｈ,sｅｅmstodepenｄupoｎｔhetoxiniｎvolｖed.Iｎ1９88,forｅｘaｍple,foｕrteenｈｕmpbaｃkｗhalｅsexcｌａiｍｅｄafｔｅrstranｄｉngalonｇthebeａcｈesofＣaｐeCodewerｅfoundtｏhavebeenｐｏisoｎedaｆtｅｒeａt(yī)ingtuｎaｔｈatcontaｉｎedsａxｉｔｏxiｎ,ｔhesａｍetoxｉnthatｃanbefataltohｕmans.Alteｒnａt(yī)ively,ithasａlsobeｅｎsuggesｔｅdthatsｏmeａniｍalｓｓｔrandeｄaccｉdeｎtallybｙfollｏwinｇtｈｅirprｅyashoreintheconfusionofthecｈａse．In1995DavidThｕｒstonｍonitoｒedpilotwhalesthatbｅaｃhedaｆteｒｆollowiｎｇｔhesｑuidashoｒe．Hoｗever,thｉsideaｄoesnｏtｓeemｔｏhｏldtｒuｅforthemajoritｙofmassｓtｒandiｎgsｂｅcauseexａmｉnａt(yī)ｉoｎofｔheａnimaｌs'ｓｔomachｃonｔeｎｔsrevｅalｔhaｔｍｏstｈaｄnｏtｂeenfeedingaｓtheystrａｎded.Tｈeｒewｅｒeａｌsｏsomenewｔheｏries，ｗhｉchｌｉnkstｒandingstohunmanｓ.Agrｏwｉngcoｎcerniｓthａt(yī)ｌoｕｄｎoiｓesinthｅoｃｅanｃaｕsｅstｒanｉngs.Ｎoisｅsｓucｈasthesecａuｓｅdbymilitａryeｘercisesareｏｆpaｒticulaｒconcｅrnａndｈavebeenpinｐｏintedａｓｔhecaｕseoｆｓomeｓtrａndiｎgsoｆlaｔe.Oneｏfthese,ａmａssstraｎdｉｎgｏｆｗhalｅｓin2０23intheBahａmasｃoniｎｃiｄｅｄcｌoselywiｔhexpeｒimentｓusiｎgａｎewsｕbmarinｅdetecｔioｎｓyｓtem.Tｈereaｒeｓeveralfaｃｔｏrsthaｔmａdeｔhｉsstraｎdingstａndouｔasdｉｆfereｎtfromｐreｖiｏusstｒaｎdｉngs.Ｔｈisｌｅdｒｅseaｒchｅrsｔolookforａneｗｃause.Forone,ａlltheｓtrａnｄedanimａｌsｗerehealthy.Inaddｉtion,tｈeaｎiｍalｓweｒｅｓpreaｄoutalong３８kiｌometersofcoast,whereasｉt'smorefｏrtheaｎimalｓｔｏｂeｆoundinaｇｒoupwhenｍassstｒａｎdingsｏccｕr.Ａfiｎalｔheｏrｙｉsreｌatedｔogｒoupbehaviouｒ，andsugｅｓtstｈａt(yī)seamaｍmaｌscanｎotdistinｇuiｓhｂｅtwｅe(cuò)nsiｃkaｎｄhealthylｅadersanｄwillｆollｏwsickleaders,eｖentoanineｖitableｄｅatｈ．Ｔｈisisaｐａrticuｌａrlyｉnterestｉｎgtheoｒysinｃeｔhｅｗhaｌestｈatarethoughtｔobemosｔsocｉal-thetoothedwｈａled-arｅthｅgrouptｈatstranｄｔhｅmostfreｑuenｔｌy.Thetheｏryisalsosｕpporｔedbyevｉdencefｒｏmadolphｉnstrａｎｄingiｎ1994．Exａminaｔioｎoｆtheｄeadａｎimalsreｖｅaledthataparｔfｒomthelｅadeｒ,alltheｏtｈershadｂｅe(cuò)ｎhealthyatthｅｔiｍeoftheｉｒｄeath.Ｗithouｔｏnｅcoｎsistｅnｔｔｈeoryhｏwevｅｒitｉsｖeｒyhaｒdfｏrｕｓｔoｄoａnythingabｏuｔtｈispｈeｎomｅｎoｎexｃepｔｔoassｉｓtanｉmalwherｅandwhｅnwｅcan.Strａndingｎeｔwｏrkｓhａｖｅbeeｎｅsｔaｂlｉshedaｒoｕnｄtheworｌdtoaiｄｉnｒescuｉngaｎｉmalｓandｃoｌｌeｃｔinｇsaｍｐlesformｔｈoseｔｈatcouldnｏtbehelpｅｄ．IｒecommendedJｏｈｎConｎor'sＭarineMammaｌsashoreaｓａnexceｌlｅntstartinｇpoinｔiｆyou'reiｎterestediｎｆindｉngｏｕtmoreaboｕｔｔherenetwｏrｋｓ,ｏrestａｂｌｉsｈｉｎgｏneｙourself.RｅadiｎgPaｓsage１WｉllｉamHｅnryPerkinＴhemanwhoｉｎvｅｎｔedsynthｅticdｙｅsＷillｉａmHｅｎｒyＰerkiｎwasbｏrnｏnMarch１2,1838,ｉnLｏｎdｏn,Enｇlaｎd.Aｓaboy,Perkiｎ’scuriosityｐrompteｄｅａrｌｙinteｒesｔsintheａrtｓ，ｓciencｅs,phｏtography,andengｉneerinｇ.Butitｗasａchancｅｓｔumblｉngｕponａrun-dｏwｎ,yetｆunctｉoｎaｌ,laｂｏratｏryiｎｈislategrandｆather’sｈomｅthａt(yī)soｌidｉｆiｅｄthｅyｏuｎgman’sentｈｕsiaｓmfｏrｃｈｅｍisｔｒｙ．AsaｓｔｕdeｎtaｔtheCityofＬondonSchool,Perkｉnbecaｍeiｍmerseｄinthesｔｕdyoｆcheｍiｓtry.Hｉｓtalenｔaｎddｅvotionｔotｈesubｊｅctｗerｅｐerceiveｄbｙｈisteachｅｒ,ＴhomasHall,ｗhoｅｎｃouragedhimtoaｔteｎdaseｒｉｅsｏfｌectureｓｇiｖenbyｔheeminｅntscientisｔMｉcｈaｅｌFaradayａt(yī)theＲoｙａlInstitution.Thosespｅｅchｅｓfiredｔｈeyoungchｅmist’seｎｔｈusiasｍfuｒｔher,aｎdhｅlaterwentoｎtｏattｅndtheRｏyaｌＣollegｅofCｈemistry，whiｃｈhesucｃeedeｄinｅｎterinｇin18５3,aｔtheaｇeof15.AttｈetimeｏｆＰｅｒkin’seｎrolmeｎｔ，theRｏyalＣollｅgｅｏfCｈｅmｉstrｙwasheａdｅdbｙthｅｎｏtedGermanchemisｔＡuｇｕｓｔＷilｈｅｌmHofmanｎ.Pｅrkｉn’sscientiｆicgiftssoｏncaughtHofmann’sａt(yī)tentｉonand,withinｔwoyearｓ，ｈeｂecameHｏfmａnn’syｏungestassisｔant．Nｏtｌongafteｒｔｈat,Pｅrkinmａdeｔhescientificbrｅaktｈｒoｕgｈｔhaｔwouldbringhimbothfameaｎdｆoｒtune.Ａtthetiｍe，quiｎｉｎewasthｅonｌｙviablemｅdicaｌtｒｅaｔｍentformalaria.Thｅdｒｕgisderivedfrｏmthebａｒkofthｅciｎｃhonaｔrｅe(cuò),natｉvetoＳoutｈＡmeriｃa,andby1856demａndfortｈｅdrｕｇｗassuｒpａssｉngｔheavailablｅｓｕｐply．Thuｓ,ｗｈｅnＨofmａnｎmadesｏmepassｉngｃoｍmｅｎtsａboｕtｔheｄeｓirabilｉtyofasynｔhｅｔｉcsuｂｓtituteforqｕinｉne,ｉtwａｓunsurｐriｓingthathisｓｔａrpupilwａsmｏｖeｄｔoｔakｅｕptheｃhallenge.Duｒinghｉsvacationin1856，Perkｉnsｐenthｉstimeinｔheｌaborａｔｏｒyoｎｔｈetopfloorofhｉsfamily’sｈouse.Hｅwasattemptｉｎgtomａnufactuｒeｑuiｎinefroｍａｎiline,ａninｅxpensiveaｎdreadilyavａｉlablｅｃoalｔaｒwaｓｔｅproduｃt.Dｅsｐiｔehｉｓｂestｅfforts,ｈoｗever,heｄidnotendupwitｈｑuｉｎinｅ.Instead,heprodｕｃedaｍyｓterｉousdarkslｕｄｇｅ.Ｌuckily,Perｋin’ｓsｃientificｔrainiｎgａｎｄnatureｐｒompｔedhimtｏinｖestiｇａｔeｔhesubstaｎcefurtｈeｒ.Incoｒpoｒａt(yī)iｎgpotasｓiumｄichromatｅandａlcｏholiｎtoｔheanilinｅatvariousｓｔagesｏftｈeexpｅrimｅntaｌｐroｃｅsｓ,hefｉｎallyproｄucedａdｅe(cuò)ｐｐurplesolutｉon.Ａｎd,ｐrovidinｇｔｈetｒｕｔｈoｆthefａmoussciｅntisｔLouisＰaｓteｕr’sｗordｓ‘chaｎcefavourｓonlyｔheprepａredmiｎｄ’,Peｒkinｓａwｔhepｏtenｔialofhｉsunexpｅｃｔeｄｆinｄ.Hiｓtoricallｙ,textiledyesｗerｅmａｄefromsｕchｎatｕralsoｕrceｓasplaｎtsandａnimaｌeｘcretionｓ．Soｍｅoftheｓｅ,suchastheglａndularmucｕsofsｎails,ｗerｅｄｉｆfiｃuｌtｔoobｔaｉnandoｕtraｇｅｏuｓlyexpeｎｓiｖe.Indeed，thepurｐlｅcoulourextracｔｅｄfromasｎaｉlwaｓoncesｏcostｌytｈatinｓocｉeｔyattｈetｉmeｏｎlyｔherｉchｃoｕldaffｏrdｉt.Furtｈｅｒ,naturａldyesteｎdedtoｍeｍuddyinhueａndfadequickly．Ｉtwasaｇainstｔhｉsbacｋdrｏpthａt(yī)Ｐｅrkin’ｓdiscovｅrywａsmade.Perkiｎquicklygraspedｔｈathispurplｅｓｏlｕtioncouｌｄbeｕsedｔｏcolourfabric,thｕsmaｋingitｔhｅworｌd’sfirstsynthｅticdye.Realiｚｉｎgtheimpｏrtanceoｆｔhisｂreａｋthroｕgh,helostnotimeiｎpatentingit．ＢutperhaｐsthemoｓtfaｓciｎatingoｆallＰｅrkiｎ’sｒeaｃtionstohｉｓfindwasｈiｓnearlｙinｓtantreｃognitiｏnｔhatthｅnewdyehaｄｃommercｉaｌpoｓsibilitｉｅs.ＰerkinorigｉnａllynameｄｈisｄyeTyriａｎPurple,bｕtiｔlａt(yī)ｅｒbecameｃｏmｍonlykｎoｗnasｍauｖｅ(ｆromtheFrｅｎcｈfortｈｅplａnｔusｅdtomakethｅｃoｌourｖiolet).HｅasｋｅｄａdviceofScｏttishdyｅworｋsownｅｒRobｅｒtＰｕlｌar,whoasｓuredhiｍtｈaｔmanｕｆaｃtｕriｎgthedyewoｕldｂｅwellwｏｒｔhitiftｈecoｕlｏuｒｒemaｉｎedｆａsｔ（i.e.wouldnotfadｅ）anｄtｈecｏｓtwaｓｒelａt(yī)ivelylｏw.Ｓo,oｖerｔhefierceobjｅcｔioｎsｏfhiｓmｅntoｒＨofｍaｎn,helｅftcoｌleｇetoｇivｅbirthtｏｔhemoｄerｎｃｈemicalｉndustry.Witｈｔheｈｅlpｏｆｈｉｓfatherandbrｏther,ＰerkinｓetupafactorｙnoｔｆarfromＬondon.UｔiliｓiｎgthecheaｐandｐｌeｎtｉｆulcoａｌtａrｔhaｔwａsaｎalmostunlｉmiteｄbyproductofLondｏn’sｇasstrｅe(cuò)ｔlｉghtiｎg,tｈｅdyeworksｂｅganproｄuciｎgtｈeworｌd’sｆｉrｓtｓynthｅticaｌlｙdyedmaterialｉn1857.ThｅcompaｎyｒeｃｅiｖedacomｍerciaｌbｏostｆoｒｍtheEmpｒesｓEugeniｅofFraｎce，whｅnshedeｃidedthenewcoloｕrflａt(yī)terｅdheｒ.Verysｏon,mauvｅwaｓthenecessaryshadeforaｌltｈｅｆaｓhｉoｎａblelａdiｅｓinｔhａｔcouｎtry．Nottobｅｏｕｔｄoｎe，Enｇland’ｓQuｅe(cuò)nVｉctｏrｉａａlsｏappearedｉnpｕbliｃwｅarｉｎgａmauvegown，thuｓｍakｉngiｔalｌtheｒageinEngｌandasｗelｌ．Ｔhedyewasｂoldandfａst,andｔhepｕbliｃclaｍouｒeｄformore．Pｅrkｉｎwentbａckｔotｈeｄrawinｇboard.AｌthｏuｇhPerkin’sｆａmeｗasａｃhｉevｅdandfｏｒtuneassuredbｙｈｉｓｆｉrｓtdiscovｅry,thechemistcontinuedhisresｅarch.Aｍｏngotheｒdyesheｄevelopeｄａnｄｉntroｄucｅｄwereａniｌinerｅd(1859)aｎｄanｉlineblack(186３）and,ｉnthｅlate1860ｓ，Pｅｒkin’ｓgreen.ItisiｍportanｔｔonoｔeｔhatPerｋin’ssyntheticdyｅｄisｃoveｒｉeｓhadoutcomesfａrbeｙonｄｔhｅmereｌydecorative.Tｈedyeｓａｌsoｂｅcａmｅvitaltｏmｅdicａlreｓearchinmａnywａys.Ｆoｒinsｔancｅ,theyweｒeuseｄtosｔainpreviｏuｓlyinvisｉblemicrobesandbacｔeｒia,allｏｗｉnｇrｅsearchersｔoｉdentifyｓuchbａcilliａsｔuberｃｕlosis，ｃholｅra,ａndanｔｈrax.Artｉficialdyｅscｏntｉnuetopｌayacruｃｉａlroletｏday.And,inwhatwouldhavebeｅnｐartｉcｕlarlyｐleasingtoPerｋｉｎ,tｈeiｒｃurｒentuseisｉntｈeｓeａrchfｏravaｃcineagaｉnsｔmaｌａrｉａ.ＲeａdｉngＰassage2IsＴhｅreＡnybodyOutＴｈere?TheSearchｆorExtra-terresｔriａlIntelliｇenceTｈeｑuestiｏnofwhethｅrweaｒeａlonｅintｈｅUniｖersｅuni(一)+vers(轉(zhuǎn))+ehａsｈaｕntｅdhunt-haunt;h(home)+aunt大姨媽來(lái)家里hｕmanｉtｙhuman+i+ty.hum(潮濕/泥土/人)+anforcｅnｔuｒieｓ,butwemaｙnowｓtaｎｄｐｏｉsedpoise=pois(懸放)+e。pend/pens/pent(懸)frompos(放)(懸著,平衡,泰然鎮(zhèn)定）ontｈｅｂrｉnｋｏfｔheanswｅrｔotｈaｔｑueｓtiｏｎ，asweｓeａｒchfoｒradiosigｎalssign四個(gè)牛。sign(簽/標(biāo)注)+al(形綴/名綴)fｒomoｔｈeｒinｔelliｇentintelligent=inter(之間uni(一)+vers(轉(zhuǎn))+ehunt-haunt;h(home)+aunt大姨媽來(lái)家里human+i+ty.hum(潮濕/泥土/人)+anpoise=pois(懸放)+e。pend/pens/pent(懸)frompos(放)sign四個(gè)牛。sign(簽/標(biāo)注)+al(形綴/名綴)intelligent=inter(之間)+lig(leg/lect選)+ent。ent=ant,ence=ance,ency=ancy智能的civil(民事的，公民的。civilwar內(nèi)戰(zhàn))+iz(e)(動(dòng)綴)+a+tion。文明，文化acro(高/頂/首。雜技的代稱(chēng)acrobatics在高處行走)+nym(=name。anonymous匿名的)terrestrial=terra(地球,大地)+e+str(=st站立,佇立)+al地球的，陸地的inter(之間between)+mitt(=mit投射)+ent，間歇的，斷續(xù)的techn(=tech科技。hi-tech高科技)+o+logy(學(xué)問(wèn))?？萍糰xx+tempt(得罪宙斯的國(guó)王，被宙斯困入水中，食物近在嘴邊，卻吃不到。努力爭(zhēng)取，嘗試)嘗試，試圖。temptation誘惑物，引誘。ATheｐｒiｍarｙreａsonｆorthesearcｈiｓbａｓｉccｕrioｓity–ｔhesameｃｕriosityaｂｏutthenatｕrａlworldthatdｒivesaｌｌpuresciｅncｅ.WｅwaｎttoｋnowwhｅtheｒweaｒeａlonｅｉntheUnivｅrse.Wewanttoｋnoｗｗheｔherlｉfeｅｖoｌvesnaturalｌyiｆgiventhｅrightcoｎditiｏnｓ,ｏrwhｅｔhertｈｅreｉsｓomeｔhiｎgveｒyspecialaboｕtthｅEarｔｈtoｈavefosｔeredthevarietyoｆlifeｆormstｈatｗｅseeａrounduｓontｈeplanｅt.Thesimpleｄeｔｅcｔionofａrａｄiosｉgnalwilｌbesufｆiｃienttｏａｎswerｔhismostbasicoｆaｌlquｅstions.Inthissensｅ,SETIｉｓａnothｅｒｃｏｇintｈｅｍacｈｉnerｙofpurescieｎceｗhichiｓｃontinuallypusｈinｇouttheｈorizｏｎofouｒkｎowledge.Hoｗeｖer，tｈerｅaｒeｏtheｒreａｓｏnsforbｅinginterｅstedinｗhetheｒlifeexｉstselsｅwhere.Forｅxａmplｅ，wehａｖehadcｉvilizatｉonｏnＥａrthforpｅrhapsｏｎlyａfewｔhousanｄyears,aｎdｔhetｈreatsoｆnuｃｌeａrwarandpoｌlutionｏｖerthｅｌasｔfewｄecadｅshavetｏldusthatouｒｓurｖivalｍaybetｅnuoｕs．Ｗｉｌlwelastanｏthｅrｔwｏｔhｏuｓandyｅarsorwｉlｌwewipeoｕrselvesout？Ｓincｅthelｉfetimｅofaｐlａnｅｔlikｅouｒｓissｅvｅrａlｂilｌionｙeaｒs,wecanｅxpeｃttｈat,ifｏｔheｒcｉvilｉzationsdoｓurvivｅinoｕｒｇａlａｘy,ｔｈeirageｓwiｌlｒanｇｅfｒomzerotｏseveｒａｌｂｉlｌiｏnyears.Ｔhusａｎyotheｒcｉvilizatiｏｎthaｔｗehearfroｍiｓliｋelytｏｂefａroｌdeｒ,onavｅｒage,tｈaｎｏｕrselves.Ｔhemereexistenceｏfｓuｃhaｃiｖilizatｉｏnｗiｌlｔelｌusthattｈeｏldercｉvilizationmａｙpassontｈebenefitsoｆtheirexperieｎceinｄｅａlｉngｗiｔhｔhｒeaｔstosurvｉvａｌsucｈａsnuclearwarａｎdglobａｌpolｌutioｎ，aｎdoｔｈｅrthreatsthａt(yī)ｗehaｖeｎ'tyetdｉscoｖeｒed.BIndｉｓcusｓingｗhetherwｅaｒｅaloｎe,mostSEＴIsｃｉentistsadopｔtwogrouｎｄrules.Ｆirｓｔ,UFＯs(UniｄentifiedFlyｉngＯbｊecｔs)arｅｇenｅrallyignｏredｓｉncemｏstｓｃｉentistsｄoｎ’tcｏnsiderthｅｅｖidencｅfoｒtheｍtobeｓtrongｅnｏuｇｈtoｂｅarｓeriｏuscｏnsiｄｅｒatioｎ(alｔhougｈitisalｓoｉmportａnttoｋeｅpanopｅnminｄinｃａseanｙreallｙconvｉｎｃiｎgevidｅnceemergeｓｉnｔｈefutｕrｅ)．Secoｎd,wemakeavｅryconsｅrvａt(yī)iｖeassｕmｐtionthａt(yī)ｗeareｌｏokingｆorａliｆeforｍｔｈａｔｉｓpreｔｔywｅｌlｌikeus,ｓincｅｉfiｔｄiffｅｒsradicａｌlyfｒomuｓweｍayweｌlｎｏtrecｏgnizeitasａliｆｅfoｒm,qｕiteａparｔfrｏmwｈetherweareａbleｔocommuniｃatewithｉt.Inotheｒwｏrds,theliｆeｆorｍｗeａrelookiｎgformaｙｗellhａveｔwoｇｒeeｎｈeadsandsｅveｎfingｅrs，ｂｕtｉtwillｎeｖertｈeｌessｒesembleusinthatitshoulｄcommｕnｉcateｗithiｔsfellｏws，ｂeintereｓｔeｄintｈｅUnｉveｒsｅ,liveonａｐlanｅtorbｉtingaｓtarｌｉkｅouｒＳun，anｄpeｒhａpｓmoｓｔrｅｓｔrictivelｙ,ｈavｅaｃhｅmｉsｔｒｙ，likｅｕs,ｂａsｅdoｎｃａｒboｎaｎdwaｔer.CＥｖerwheｎweｍakｅtｈeseａssｕmptions,ｏurunｄerstaｎdinｇofｏtheｒｌifefｏrｍsｉｓstillsevｅreｌylｉmited.Weｄonotｅvｅnｋｎow,ｆoｒexａmple,howｍanystａrｓhａveｐlanets,ａndwecerｔainlydonotknowhowlikelyiｔiｓｔhatlifewｉlｌａriseｎaturally,ｇiｖｅｎtｈeriｇhtconditioｎs.Howeveｒ,whenwelｏokatthe100bilｌionｓtarsｉｎoｕrgａlaxy(theMilkｙWay),ａnd100ｂilｌionｇaｌaxiesｉnｔheobservaｂleUniverｓe,ｉtseｅmｓiｎconceｉvablethａｔａt(yī)leaｓtoneｏfthesｅplａｎetsdoesｎｏｔhavealiｆｅforｍonit;ｉnfact,thｅbesｔeｄucatedguｅsｓwecanmake,usingtｈelittlｅthatwｅdoknowabouttheｃondｉtｉoｎsｆorcａｒbon-bａｓedliｆe，ｌｅａdｓuｓtoeｓtｉmatetｈａt(yī)pｅrhａｐｓoｎeiｎ１00,000starｓｍiｇｈtｈａｖeａlifｅ-bｅaｒingｐｌanｅtorｂitｉngiｔ.Thatｍｅansｔhatourneａrestnｅiｇhbｏuｒｓａreｐerhａｐs100lightyearsawａy,wｈichiｓａｌmｏsｔｎexｔdｏｏrinastｒoｎomiｃaltｅrms.DAnａｌiｅncｉvilizatiｏncouｌdchｏosemanydiｆfｅｒｅntwayｓofｓendingｉnｆormatｉonacrossｔhｅgalａxｙ，butmanyｏｆthesｅe(cuò)ｉthｅrreｑuireｔｏｏmuchenergy,ｏrｅｌsｅareseｖeｒelyatｔeｎｕatedｗhiｌetraｖersingthｅvastｄistancｅsacｒoｓｓtｈegaｌａｘy.Itturｎsoutｔｈat，fｏraｇｉvenａmｏｕｎtoftrａnsｍittｅdpower，radioｗａvesinthefrｅｑuencｙrange10０0to30００ＭHztraｖelthｅgｒeateｓｔdistance,anｄsoallsearcheｓtodaｔeｈavｅcoｎｃentrateｄonlookｉnｇｆorradioｗavesintｈiｓfrｅquencyrange．Sofａｒthｅｒehaｖｅbｅe(cuò)ｎanumｂｅrofsearchｅsbyvａrｉouｓgrｏｕｐsaroundtheworld,ｉｎcludingAuｓｔralianseａrchｅｓｕsinｇtｈeradiotelescopeaｔPａｒkes,NewＳouthＷalｅs.Uｎｔilnowthｅrehavenotbeｅｎanydetｅctioｎsｆｒomtｈeｆewhunｄreｄstarｓwｈichｈavebeｅnsearｃhed．Tｈescalｅofｔhesearcheｓｈasｂeenincreaseddramatｉcallysinｃe1992,whｅntheUＳＣoｎｇrｅssvoteｄN(xiāo)ASA$１０millioｎpeｒyearfoｒtenyeａrstoｃonｄuctatｈorougｈsｅarchｆoｒｅxｔｒａ－teｒｒestｒiallife.Ｍucｈoftheｍoneyｉnthｉsproｊectｉsbｅingspentondevelopingthｅｓpｅcialhardwaｒeneｅｄedｔoｓearcｈｍanyｆrequeｎciesａt(yī)ｏｎｃe.Theprojeｃｔhastwopａrtｓ.Onepartiｓatargetedsearｃhusingｔheworｌd’sｌarｇeｓtradiotelescｏpｅs,thｅAｍeriｃａn-opｅratedtelescopeｉnＡrｅcibｏ,PuertoRｉcoandtheFｒeｎchtelｅscｏｐeinNancｙｉｎFrance．Thiｓｐarｔofｔheprojectｉsseａrｃhiｎｇｔhｅnearest１000liｋelystａrswｉｔhhighsｅnsitivｉｔｙｆorsｉgnalsinthefreｑueｎｃyrange1000to３00０MＨz.Theotherparｔｏftｈeｐｒojecｔisanｕndireｃｔeｄseaｒchwhichismonitoringallofsｐａcｅwiｔｈalowｅrsｅnsｉtivity,usingthｅｓmallerａnｔeｎnａｓｏfNAＳＡ’sDeeｐＳpaceNetwｏrk.ETｈereｉscoｎｓideｒabledｅbａｔeｏveｒhoｗweｓｈouldrｅaｃtｉｆｗedetectａｓignalfroｍanalｉencｉｖilizatｉoｎ．Evｅryboｄｙagrｅe(cuò)sｔhaｔweshｏuldnoｔrｅｐlｙimmedｉａt(yī)ely.Ｑuiteapartｆormthｅimｐｒactｉcalｉtyoｆsendingareplyoversｕcｈlarｇedistａｎcｅsａt(yī)ｓhｏｒｔｎｏｔice,ｉtｒaiｓｅsahｏstofetｈｉｃａlquestｉonｓthatwouldhａvetobeaddressedbyｔｈeglobalcomｍuｎiｔybefｏreａnｙreplｙcｏｕlｄbeｓent．Woｕldthｅｈumanraｃｅfａｃetheculturｅｓhｏckifｆacedwithaｓupｅrｉoranｄmuｃholdｅrcivｉlisａitｏｎ?Ｌuckｉｌy，thｅreisnotｕrgencyaboutthｉs.Thestarｓｂeinｇseａrcｈedarehuｎdｒeｄsofｌighｔyｅarsawａy，soiｔtakeshundｒeｄsofyeaｒsｆｏrtheiｒsiｇnaｌｔorｅａchus,anｄａfuｒtherfｅwｈｕndrｅdyｅarsforourｒｅplｙtoreachtheｍ.Ｉt’snotimｐortａnｔ,ｔhen,ｉfｔｈerｅ’ｓaｄｅlayofａfｅｗｙears，orｄecades,ｗhiｌｅｔhehｕmanｒacedｅbaｔｅｓthequeｓｔionofwhethｅrtｏreplay,andpeｒhapｓcａrefullyｄraｆｔsareply.RｅadiｎgＰassaｇe3ＴhehiｓtorｙoftｈeＴｏrtｏisｅ RichardDawkins,TheGuardian,Saturday26February2023。InthesecondofthreeessayswrittenonarecentvisittotheGalápagosIslands,RichardDawkinsconsidersanotheroftheextraordinarycreaturesthathelpedinspireDarwin'stheo