2023年最全宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)題庫

Ｍacroeconｏmｉcs,10e(Pａrkin)Ｃhapｔer10AｇｇregateSupｐlyandAｇgregaｔｅDemand６8)Intheａｂovefigure,theｓhort－ruｎaｇgreｇateｓｕpｐｌｙcｕｒvｅiｓSASaｎdｔheａggｒegatedemandcurｖｅisAD.AｎinflatiｏnarygａｐexｉsｔsA)iｆｔｈｅlong-ruｎaｇgregateｓｕpｐｌycurveisLAS1.B)ｉｆthｅloｎg-rｕｎａgｇregaｔesｕppｌycurveisLAＳ2.C)ｉfｔhelｏｎg-runａggregatesupｐｌycurveiｓLAS3.D)Ａlloftheａboveanswｅrsareｃｏrrｅｃt.Aｎｓｗer：AＴopic:InflaｔｉonaryGaｐSkill：AnaｌyticalQuestiｏnｈisｔｏrｙ：Pｒeviouｓedition,Chａpter1０AＡCSB：ＡnalyｔｉcalSkiｌｌｓ69)Inthｅabｏveｆigure,ｉftｈeeｃonomｙisatｐoinｔA,ｗhiｃhoftｈefolｌowingｉsｔｒｕe?Ａ）PｏintAｉｓthelong-rｕneqｕilibriｕmpoint．B）Thｅe(cuò)conｏmyiｓｉｎaｒeｃesｓion.C)Ｍｏnｅyｗageｓcanbeexpｅcｔedｔofall．D）Theeconomymigｈtbeａt(yī)poｉntAａｓaresuｌtofarｅcｅntcutiｎｔｈetａxraｔe．Ａｎswｅr:DTopic:Shoｒt-RuｎMacroecｏnoｍicEquilibrｉumSkill:CoｎcepｔualＱueｓtiｏｎhiｓtory:Pｒeviousediｔion,Chapteｒ1０AＡCSB：ＡnalｙｔｉcalSｋillｓ

７0)Iｎthｅａbｏvefigｕre,iｆtheecｏnomyisatpoiｎｔA,whichofthefoｌlowiｎｇistruｅ?A)Thｅｒｅｉsarecessionarygaｐ.B)Tｈeｒeisaｎｉｎfｌatioｎarｙgap．C)ＰoiｎtAisｔhelｏｎg－ruｎｅquilｉｂｒｉumｐｏint.D)Ｎoneoｆthｅabovｅａnｓｗｅrsａｒecorｒeｃt.Anｓwｅｒ：BTopic：ＩnflaｔionaryGapSｋill:ConｃeptuａlQueｓtionhistorｙ:Pｒeviouseditｉｏn,Ｃhapｔer１０AACSB：ＡnaｌｙtｉcaｌＳｋｉlls71)ＴheabovｅfiｇuredepiｃtsａneconomyＡ)wiｔhanｉnfｌationａryｇap.B)wｉtharｅcessionaｒygap.C）pｒoducingａt(yī)ｆｕｌｌemploｙment.D）Ｎｏnｅｏｆthｅabｏvｅansweｒsｉscoｒreｃt.Answeｒ:ATopic:InflaｔiｏnaryGaｐＳkill:AｎａｌytiｃalQuｅstｉｏnhisｔory:Ｐreviouｓediｔｉoｎ,Cｈaptｅr１0AAＣＳＢ:AnalyｔiｃalSkｉlls?7２)Intheabovefigｕrｅ,theshort－ｒuneqｕiliｂriumwilｌevｅnｔｕaｌlyadjustｔoalｏｎｇ-runeｑuilｉbｒｉumwithaA)ｌowerpricelevｅｌａｎdsmallerｒｅａlGＤPＢ)higherpricｅｌeｖelａnｄlargerrealGDP.Ｃ)hｉｇｈerpriceleveｌanｄｓmallerｒｅalGDP.D)lowerpriｃeｌeｖelandlａｒgｅrｒeａｌGDP.Ａｎsweｒ:CＴopiｃ:Long-RuｎMacroeｃｏnomiｃEquｉliｂriumSｋill:AnalyticalQueｓｔｉonhiｓｔorｙ：Pｒeｖiouseｄition，Chapter１0AＡCＳＢ:AnａｌｙticalSkilｌs73)TheａboveｆigurｅｉｌｌｕｓtratesA)arecessｉonarｙgａp．B)ａfull-employｍｅntequｉｌibrium．Ｃ)ａｎinflationaｒｙgaｐ．Ｄ)aneｑｕｉｌｉbriumaｔtｈeｅconomy＇sphｙsicallｉmits.Ａｎｓwer:ＡToｐic:ReceｓsionａrｙGａpSｋiｌｌ:ＡnａlｙtｉｃａlＱｕestionhistory:Preｖiouｓeｄitｉoｎ,Chaｐｔｅr10AACＳB:AｎaｌyｔｉcalSkills?74)Intｈeabｏveｆｉguｒe，ifagｇreｇａｔedeｍａnddoｅsｎｏｔchangetｈeshort-runequilibrｉuｍwillA)evenｔuallyadjusttoalong-rｕｎeqｕｉｌibriumｗｉtｈahigherpriceｌevｅｌ.B)wilｌｎotadjustｏnitsoｗn.C)eventｕallｙadjusｔｔｏalong－ｒunequilibｒiumwiｔｈaｌoｗｅrｐriｃelｅｖeｌ．D）Ｎoneｏｆtｈｅaｂoveaｎswersarecorrecｔ.Ａｎsweｒ:CToｐic:Long-RｕnＭacroｅconomicEqｕｉｌibriumSkill：ＡnalyticaｌＱuestｉonhistoｒｙ：Ｐrevｉousｅdiｔion,Chapter10AＡCSＢ：ＡnaｌyticalＳkills７5)Ｓupposｅｔheecoｎomyｗａsiｎitｉalｌyinaloｎｇ－ruｎequiｌibrium.Ｔheｎtｈewoｒldecｏnomyeｘｐａnｄｓsoｔhaｔfｏreigｎincｏｍesrise.U.S.ａggｒeｇaｔｅdｅｍａnd______＿_(dá)aｎdｅvｅnｔuallythemoneｙwaｇeraｔe＿＿_(dá)_____.A)ｉncreａsｅs;ｒiｓesB)inｃreaseｓ;ｆａllsC)dｅcreａseｓ；risesD)ｄecrｅａｓｅs;fａｌlsAnｓwer:ＡToｐic：Fｌuctｕａt(yī)ionｓinAgｇｒｅgateDemaｎdSｋｉll:AnaｌytｉcalQuｅstionｈiｓtｏry:Prｅvｉousｅditioｎ,Cｈapter10AACSＢ：ReｆlectiveＴｈinking７６)Ｉftheeconomyiｓｉnｌoｎgrunｅquｉlibrｉuｍanｄaggrｅgａｔedｅmanｄincreaseｓ,ｔｈeniｎtheshortruｎＡ)ｎｏtｈinghappｅnsbecａusethｅｅｃonomｙiｓiｎｌoｎgｒunequｉlｉbriｕm.B）tｈepｒicelevｅlrisｅsandｒealGDPdoeｓｎotchangｅ.C)realGDPinｃｒeasｅsandtheprｉcelevｅlｄoｅsnotchａnge.Ｄ)thepｒiｃelevelriｓesandrealGDＰincｒｅases.Anｓwer：ＤＴopｉc:FluctｕationｓｉnAggreｇateＤemandSｋill:CｏｎcｅptｕalＱueｓtionｈiｓtory:Preｖiouseditｉoｎ,Ｃｈapter1０AACSB:ＲeflectｉveThinｋiｎg７7)TheFedｅraｌReserｖｅlowersinｔｅrestｒatｅs.Ａｓarｅsｕlｔ,iｎｔｈｅｓhorｔｒun，realＧＤP_____＿_(dá)＿andthｅpｒｉcelevｅl________．A）inｃｒeaｓes;rｉsesB)ｉnｃreａsｅs;faｌlsC）ｄｅcreaseｓ；risesＤ)decreaｓes;fａｌlｓAnsｗer:AＴopic:FluctuationsｉnAgｇrｅgａｔeDeｍａnｄSkilｌ:ConｃepｔｕalＱuestiｏｎｈｉstorｙ:Previｏｕseｄｉtｉｏｎ,Cｈａpter10AACSB:RｅflecｔiｖeThiｎｋiｎg７8)Theｇovｅｒnmｅntincreaseｓｔaxes．Asａresult,inthｅshｏrｔrun,realGDP__＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿_(dá)ａndthｅｐｒｉcelevｅl____＿_(dá)__.A)inｃrｅasｅｓ;riseｓＢ)ｄecreａses;fallsＣ)ｄeｃｒｅａses；riｓesD）increａｓes;ｆａllsＡｎsｗｅr：BTｏpic：ＦｌuctuationsinAｇgreｇaｔeDeｍanｄＳkiｌl:ConceｐｔuａlQueｓtionhiｓｔｏry:Pｒevｉoｕｓeditｉon,Chａptｅr1０AACSＢ:RefｌectiｖｅThinking７9)Inｔheshortruｎ,ａnincrｅaseｉnｇovernmenteｘpendｉtureongoodsandｓervices＿_(dá)_＿＿_(dá)__rｅalGDPand__＿＿_(dá)___thｅpriceleｖel．A）increaseｓ;rｉｓesB）ｉncｒeａseｓ;fallsC)decｒｅasｅs；rｉsesD）deｃreaｓes;faｌｌsAnｓwer：ＡＴoｐic:ＦｌuctｕatｉoｎｓｉｎA(yù)ｇgreｇａｔeDemaｎdＳkill:CｏncｅptuａlQｕestionhistoｒy:Ｐreｖiousedｉｔion,Cｈaｐｔｅｒ10ＡACＳB：RefｌｅctiveTｈinkiｎg80)Intheshoｒt-ｒｕn，adecrｅaseiｎgovernmentｅxpenｄｉture____＿_(dá)__reaｌGＤPaｎd_____＿_(dá)_thｅprｉceleｖel.A)ｉｎcｒeaｓes;incｒｅａｓｅsB)inｃreａseｓ；ｄecreaｓｅsC）dｅcrｅａｓes;ｉｎｃｒｅaseｓＤ)ｄecreａｓes；ｄeｃreasesAnswer：DＴｏpｉc:ＦlucｔuaｔｉｏnsinAggregateＤemａndSkiｌｌ:CoｎcepｔualQuestionhiｓtoｒy：Previousedition,Cｈaptｅr1０AACSB:RｅflecｔiveＴhiｎkinｇ８1）Intｈeｓhortrｕｎ，aniｎｃreａｓeiｎaｇgreｇatedemaｎdＡ)ｌoweｒsｔｈeprｉｃｅlｅvｅｌanddｅcｒeasesrｅaｌＧDP.B)ｌoweｒsｔhｅpriｃeleｖｅlａndinｃreａsesrealＧＤP.Ｃ)raｉｓestｈepｒiceleｖelaｎdincreasesrｅalGDP．Ｄ)ｒaｉsesthepｒiceｌｅvelanddecreａsesｒｅalGＤＰ.Ansｗer:CＴoｐic:FlucｔuatiｏnsiｎA(yù)ggrｅgateDｅmaｎdSkill：ＣonceptualQｕｅstioｎhｉstoｒy:Pｒeｖｉouseditiｏn,Ｃhaptｅｒ１０AAＣSB:ＲｅflecｔiｖeTｈｉｎkｉng82）AlowerprｉceｌeｖeｌｃｏmbinｅｄwithadｅcreaseｉｎreａｌGDＰｏccursｗhentheA)ｓｈｏｒｔ-ruｎaｇgregatesupｐlｙcｕｒveshifｔsrigｈｔwａrd.B)shｏrt－ｒuｎaggrｅgatｅsupplycurｖｅｓhｉftsleｆtward.C）aggregatedemandcurveｓhiftｓrightwarｄ.D）aggregａt(yī)ｅdemandcurveｓhifｔｓｌｅftｗａrd．Answeｒ:DToｐic:FluｃtuationｓｉnAｇgregatｅDemanｄSkill：ＣonceｐtualＱuｅｓｔionhｉｓtory:Pｒｅvｉｏuseｄitiｏn,Ｃｈａpter10AAＣSＢ:RｅflecｔiveThiｎｋiｎg8３)Iｎtｈｅabovefｉguｒｅ,supposｅｔｈeecｏnoｍyｈaｄbeenａt(yī)poｉntAａndnowiｓatB.ＷhatcouldｈaveleａdｔｏthｅmovemｅｎttoB?A)Atａxhike.B）Goveｒnmenteｘpeｎdiｔuresｏnｇoodsanｄｓeｒvicesｉncｒeased.Ｃ)Ｗinterstoｒmscausefａctoriesinthｅｎortｈtｏbeshutdｏｗnｆｏrseveralwｅe(cuò)kｓ.D）Moneywageraｔesｒose．Anｓwer:BTｏpiｃ：Flｕctuａt(yī)ioｎsinＡｇgregaｔeDemaｎdSkｉll：ＡｎａlytｉｃａｌQueｓｔｉｏnhistｏry:Ｐreviｏｕsedition,Chapter10AAＣSB：AnａlｙticaｌSkilｌs８４)ＳupposeｔｈeeｃoｎomyiｓatｐoinｔB．Iffｉrｍsexpecｔprofｉtswillbehighｅｒintｈｅfｕtuｒe,towhatpointmｉghｔtheｅconｏmy'sｍｏvｅinthｅshoｒtrun？A)ItstaysatpoｉnｔＢ.B)ＩtshｉｆtｓtoａｐoinｔsuchasＡ．C）ItshiｆtstoapｏintsuchasC.Ｄ)NonｅoｆtｈeabｏveaｎsｗersarecorrectbecａｕseitｉstｈeSＡScｕｒｖethａt(yī)shｉftｓ，ｎottheAＤcurｖｅ.Aｎswｅr:ＣＴoｐiｃ：ＦluｃtuatｉonｓiｎA(yù)ｇgreｇａt(yī)eDemａndSkilｌ:ＡｎalyｔｉcａlQueｓtｉｏnhｉstｏｒy：Previouｓeｄiｔiｏn,Cｈａpｔer10AＡCＳB:AnalｙｔicalSｋiｌlｓ85）Suppoｓethｅe(cuò)conomyisａt(yī)pointＢ.Ｉｆaｒｅcessioｎinanotheｒｃountrydｅcreａseseｘpｏｒtｓ，tｏwhaｔpointmｉｇｈｔecoｎomymoveintheshｏrtrｕn?A)ItsｔaｙsatpoｉntB．B)ItshiftstoapoinｔsｕchasＡ.C）ItsｈiｆtｓtoapoｉｎｔｓｕchａｓC.D)NｏnｅofｔheaboｖeanswｅrsarecorrectｂeｃausｅｉtistheSAScuｒｖｅtｈaｔshiｆts，nottｈeＡDcuｒve．Anｓｗer:ＢTopic:FluｃtuationｓｉnAggregaｔeＤemａndＳkiｌｌ:AnalyticaｌＱuestiｏnhｉstory:Pｒevioｕｓｅｄitiｏｎ,Chaｐter1０AＡCＳB：ＡnalytｉcalSkills86)ＴhefiｇuｒeiｌｌustraｔｅsａｇｇregateｄemａnｄａndａggregａｔeｓupｐlyinSｐarｔa.WhｉｃhofthｅfollowingｅｖｅｎtｓwｉｌldeｃreａseSｐarｔa'srealＧＤPinthesｈortruｎ?A)ａdecreaｓeiｎtaxesＢ)afａllｉnresourcepriｃesC）aｄeｃreaseｉｎgovernmｅnｔeｘpenｄitureＤ)aｎｉncreａsｅininｖesｔｍentAnsｗer：CTｏpic:Flｕctuａt(yī)ionsinAｇgｒegaｔeＤｅmａｎｄSｋill:ＣonceptualＱｕeｓtiｏｎhｉstorｙ:Ｐrｅｖioｕsediｔion，Chapter１0AＡCSB:AnalyticalSkiｌls87)ThefigurｅaｂoveｉllｕstratｅsaｇｇregaｔedeｍandaｎdａｇｇregatｅｓuｐplyiｎSparta.Sparta＇spricｅlevelwillriseaｂovｅ100if__＿_(dá)____.A)govｅrnmentexpendituｒedeｃｒｅａsesB)theｑuanｔitｙｏfmoｎeyincreasesC)tｈeｑuaｎtitｙofcaｐｉtａlincｒｅaseｓD)taｘesiｎcreaseＡnsｗer:BＴopic:FlucｔuatｉonsinＡggregateDｅmandSkiｌl:ＣoｎｃeptｕalQｕesｔionｈｉstory：Prｅvioｕseｄition,Ｃhａpter1０AＡCSB:ＡnaｌyticalSkｉlls

８8）Inaｓhｏrｔ－runｍaｃroｅconｏmiｃequiｌiｂrium,pｏｔenｔiaｌGDPｅxceedｓrealGＤP．Ifaggｒｅｇａt(yī)eｄeｍanddoesｎotｃhange,thentheA)ｓｈorｔ-ruｎaggｒｅgatesuｐｐlycurvewiｌlｓｈiｆtrigｈtwardasthemoneyｗagｅratefaｌｌs.B）sｈorｔ-runaggregaｔesuｐplｙｃｕｒvｅｗillｓhｉｆtｌeｆtwａrdasthｅmoneｙwａgeratｅrises.C)lｏｎg-ｒｕｎagｇregaｔesｕｐｐｌycurvewiｌlshiftlｅftwardａsｔhemoｎeｙwageraterisｅｓ.D)lｏng-ｒunagｇregatｅsuppｌｙｃurvｅwｉllshiftleｆｔwardaｓthemoneywagｅrａt(yī)ｅfallｓ.Ansｗeｒ:ATopｉｃ:ＭovｅｍeｎttotheＬｏng-RｕｎEquilibｒiuｍSkｉll:CｏｎceptualＱuｅsｔiｏnhｉstory:Moｄｉfieｄ10theditiｏｎA(yù)ＡCSB:ＲefｌｅctivｅThｉnkｉng８9)Inaｓｈort－runmａcroeconomiceｑuilibrium,ｒealＧDＰｅxｃeedｓｐotentiaｌGDP．Ｉｆａggrｅgaｔｅdemanddoesnｏtcｈａngｅ,thｅntheＡ)shｏrｔ-ｒｕnaggreｇateｓuppｌycurvewillshｉｆtｒightｗarｄasthｅmｏｎeｙwaｇerａｔeｆalls.B)shorｔ-ruｎａggｒeｇatesupｐｌｙｃurveｗillshiｆtlｅftwａrdａsthｅmoneyｗagerateriseｓ.C）long-ｒunaggreｇatesuppｌyｃuｒvｅwilｌshｉftlｅftwaｒdaｓtheｍｏnｅywaｇerａt(yī)erisｅs.D)ｌoｎg-ｒunａggregateｓupplycurvewillｓhifｔlefｔwａrｄastheｍonｅｙwageｒatefaｌｌs.Answer：BTopic:MｏvｅmeｎttoｔheLoｎg-RｕnEｑuiｌｉbｒiumSkｉｌl:ConｃｅptuaｌQuｅｓｔioｎhiｓtｏrｙ:Ｍodified１0thedｉtioｎA(yù)ACSB:ReflｅctiveＴhinkｉng9０)ＴhecountryofStanleyisａｔanaｂovｅ-fuｌｌemplｏｙmenｔeｑuilibriｕm.WhｉcｈoftheｆolloｗiｎgeveｎtｓwiｌｌｒetｕrnＳｔaｎleytofull-emｐloyｍent?A）aｎincreａseｉnｇovernmenｔexｐｅｎdituresB)adｅｃreaｓｅiｎtheintereｓｔｒateＣ)aｎｉｎcrｅaseinｔhemｏneywagerａt(yī)eＤ)ａｎincreａsｅｉnthｅｑｕantiｔyofmoneｙAnsｗer:CTopic:ＭovemｅnttｏthｅＬong－RunEquｉlibriumSkiｌl：CｏnceｐtuaｌQuestionhｉstory:Previｏusedｉtioｎ，Chapter10AACSB:ReflｅctｉｖeThｉｎｋing９1)Aneｃoｎoｍycurreｎｔlｙhasainflatiｏnaｒyｇａｐ.Anincreａsｅinthｅmoneywaｇeｒatewｉll＿＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)_ｔheinflａt(yī)ionａrygａｐａnd＿_(dá)__＿＿_(dá)＿ｔheｐriｃelevｅｌ.Ａ)ｄecreaｓe;ｄecrｅaｓeB)increaｓe;iｎcreaseＣ)iｎcrｅase;decrｅaseＤ）ｄeｃrease;ｉnｃreaseAnswer:DTopic:MovementtoｔｈeＬｏnｇ-ＲunＥquilｉbriumＳkill:CｏncｅptualＱｕestionｈiｓtｏrｙ:Ｐrevｉousedition,Cｈａpter10AAＣSＢ:ＲｅfleｃtiveThiｎking92)Ｓuｐｐosethecurｒentsｉtuationｉssuchｔhatthｅpricelevelis12０,realGDＰiｓ$１３ｔrilｌiｏn，aｎdＧDＰalongｔhｅlｏng-ruｎaggregatesｕｐplyｃuｒveｉs$12.６trillｉon．Whatwｉｌlｔａkeplaceｔorestorethelｏng-ｒunequilibriｕm?A）Theprｉceｌeｖelｗillfａlluｎｔilｌong－rｕnaggregａｔesuppｌyincreasesto$1３ｔｒiｌｌｉon.Ｂ)ThepricelevelwillfalｌａndmｏｎeyｗagｅraｔeswillrｉsｅuｎtiｌrealGDＰａlｏngtｈelong－ruｎaggregａt(yī)ｅｓupｐｌycｕrveis$1３triｌlion.Ｃ）MｏnｅyｗａgｅratｅswｉllrｉseuｎtｉlｒｅａlGDＰis＄1２.６ｔriｌlioｎ.Ｄ)Aｇgｒegａt(yī)ｅdｅmａndwilｌinｃrｅaseuntilboｔhshｏrt-ｒｕnａndlonｇ－ruｎaｇgreｇatesupｐｌyeqｕal＄１3triｌlｉｏn.Aｎswer:ＣToｐiｃ:ＭoveｍｅｎttｏtheLonｇ-RｕｎEquiｌｉbriumSｋill:CｏncｅｐtualQuesｔionhiｓｔory：Ｐrｅviｏusｅｄiｔion，Ｃhａｐtｅr10AACＳB:ＲefｌectiｖeTｈinking9３)Thelonｇ-ｒｕnaggｒegatesupｐｌｙcｕrveｉsvｅrｔｉcalat＄12triｌlioｎｂuttheｓhoｒt-rｕnaggregaｔｅsuppｌyｃｕrｖeintersｅctｓｔheaggｒeｇatedemanｄcurveat$１３triｌlion.ＷeｋnowｔｈaｔA)theeconｏmyisｐroduｃiｎｇｂelowfullｅmｐloｙｍentｉnthesｈoｒtrun,aｎｄwilｌadｊustbｙhｉrｉngmｏreｗｏrｋers，tｈｕsdｅcｒeａsｉnｇuｎｅｍplｏymeｎt.B)theｐrｉcｅleveｌistoｏhigh.Ｔhelｏｎｇ-rｕneｑｕiｌiｂriｕmwilｌoccuｒwithalowerｐriceleveｌ.C)adjｕstmeｎtswilloｃcurｓothattｈeloｎg-runａggｒｅgatesupplyeｑｕals$１３tｒillion.Ｄ)adｊustｍｅntsｗilloｃｃursｏthattheshoｒt－ｒｕnａggｒegatｅsupplyevｅntuallyiｎtersｅctｓtｈeaｇｇrｅgａt(yī)eｄemandcuｒveat＄1２triｌlion．Ansｗeｒ:ＤＴoｐic：MovementｔothｅLoｎg-RｕnＥｑuilibriumＳkiｌl：CoｎceptualQueｓtｉonhｉｓtory:Prｅviouseｄitioｎ,Chaｐter10AACSB:RｅfｌｅcｔｉveTｈinking94）Iｎlｏng-ｒｕnmaｃroeconomｉcｅquilｉbriｕm，thｅＡ)realwagｅratｅhaｓaｄjustｅdsoｔhatthｅｅcoｎomyiｓoｎtheshort-ruｎaggreｇａt(yī)eｓｕpｐｌycurvebutnｏtoｎthelong-rｕnaggregatesupplycuｒve.B）long-rｕnaggreｇaｔesuｐplycuｒvehaｓshiｆｔｅdsoｔhatpｏｔentiaｌＧDＰequalsrｅａｌGDＰ．C)aggｒegatedeｍaｎdcurｖeａdｊuststothｅｐointwheretheｌｏng-rｕnaggregateｓupplycurveanｄtheshor