2008年水泥sap項目05用戶培訓user training01po流程設(shè)計quick guide for easy process umentation dyy

QuickQuickGuideforeasyVersion1.0,releasedJanuary

TheprimaryobjectivesoftheQuickGuideforeasyProcessationare:簡易流程文檔快速指南的主要目的是：Tocreateawarenessabouttherelevancyofaationandwhyqualityandmaintainabilitymatters.創(chuàng)建文檔間關(guān)系的說明，以及為何質(zhì)量和可Toshowthatthisobjectiveisachievablewithoutadditionaleffortbyusingtherightapproachandprocessationmethod.通過使用正確的方法和流程文檔顯示目標可完，無須其他的工作Youdonotneedtobeaspecialisteveryonecanapplythemethod.It’ssimple-to-useandverywellacceptedbyusers.你不必是專家－每Eventhemethodistoolneutral,supportingtoolslikeARISaremeaningfulandavailableARIS，是有意義和有效的Thevariousexamplesprooftheflexibilityofthemethodandthatitssimple-to-useandeasy-to-understandforeveryone.通過各種各樣的TheguidelinesandexamplesareavailableinHolspaceunderthefollowinglink:https: /webs/ics/操作手冊和例子可參Otherreferencematerialavailableonrequest根據(jù)需要，其他的參考ICSProcessFramework ationinARISARISICS流Holcim ationGuidelinesHolcimTableof Introduction:The6stepsapproach介紹：6步方 ProcessHierarchy流程層 ProcessHierarchyConcept流程層次概 ProcessHierarchyExample 流程層次示例 ProcessFlow:EventDrivenProcessChain(EPC)流程圖：驅(qū)動的流程鏈 EPCDefinition驅(qū)動的流程鏈定 EPCSymbolsEPC使用的標識符 EPCExample–Quotation EPC實例-報價管 EPCDesign EPC設(shè)計規(guī) layout（EPC自由布局 layoutwithvisualstructure（EPC形象構(gòu)造自由布局 layoutwithvisualstructureanddescriptionEPC可視結(jié)構(gòu)描述版 EPC(ColumnDisy)–predefinedlayout–Example1EPC（柱狀展示）—預定版面—例1EPC(Table y)–predefinedlayout(Example1)時間驅(qū)動流程鏈－預定義規(guī) EPC(Table y)–predefinedlayout(Example HowtouseProcessInterfacesintheprocessation如何在流程文檔中使用流程分界 LogicOperatorsRulesTypes邏輯算子規(guī)則類 LogicOperators 邏輯算子規(guī) IntroductionThe6stepsapproach介紹：6步方Ifoneormoreofthisstate-mentsarevalidinyourthenthispapermightbevaluablefor的一點或在

…everyprocessationlooksdifferent每個流程文檔看上去都不…wehavedifferentsaboutthesameprocesses我們對于相同的流程有不同的文…wedonotknowwhetherthesarestillvalid-wehavenoassignedowner我們不知…wehavenoguidelinesandreferenceswheningprocesses在處理流程文檔時我們沒…wehavenooverviewwhatprocessationisavailable,itsnotcentrallymanaged我們…wedonothaveamaintenanceconceptince,theyoudidithasleftthe我們沒有一個替代概念，那個先前做文檔的人已經(jīng)離開公司了…wedonotreallyunderstandit,weneedtotalktothewhocreatedit我們并沒有真正理Yourationshouldbecorrect,Yourationshouldbecorrect,completeandItsmaintainabilityiscrucialfor n-Do-Check-Actmanagementquality它的 Defineandlistentoyourstakeholders定

Defineyourstakeholdersandaskthemwhattheyexpectandneed.定義你的權(quán)益所有Definewhatthe ationisusedforandhowitdoessupporttheirwork.定義文檔

Defineaprocessframework–tointegrate/alignallprocess Defineaglossaryincl.definitionstoensureacommonlanguageandwording定義包ApplyaMethodandLook&Feel使

Applyacommonmethod-e.g.HolcimProcess ationGuidelines使用一個通 Ensureacommonvisualappearancedefineasetofstandardlayoutscolorsetc.確Applyacommonnamingconventions使用一套通用名規(guī)Set-up建立結(jié)

Assign (group)whichcreatesandmaintains ation–asaAssignanownerforeachprocesstovalidateandapprove為每個流程分配一個負責Managethe Managethemasterdatacentrallye.g.roles,positions,controls,s,etc.集中管

Useaprocessationtoolthatiseasytouse,thatensurestheproperapplicationofthemethodandthatensuresaneasymaintenance.Ideallytherearealsoysisandreportingfunctionalitiesavailable.HGRSCorporateIT ARISisusedgloballybymanyFortune500like,Credit-Suisse,UBS,Holcimetc..HolcimhasaCorporateLicenseforARIS.OpCo’sandITSC’scanuseARISwithoutlicenseForfurtherinformationpleasecontact ARISisasimpleto-useweb-basedprocessmodelingtool.Informationisstoredinadatabase.ARIShasatoprankingwithGartnerandis mendedbySAP.Itensureseasydesignandmaintenanceofyourprocessation.Additionallythereare ysisandreportingfunctionalities.使用一個容易使用的流程文檔工具，以確保正確的應用方法及簡單的。最好也有分析和報告功能提供。HGRSIT推薦ARIS。許多500強公司在全球性使用ARIS，象西門子，Credit-Suisse,UBS,Holcim等。Holcim有ARIS企業(yè)證。OpCo’sandITSC’s使用ARIS無需證費用 ARIS是一個容易使用基于WEB的流程建模工具。信息在數(shù)據(jù)庫中。ARIS與Gartner公司有一個頂級級別，并被SAP所推薦。它能確保設(shè)計和流程文檔簡便。Assurance質(zhì)量

Crosscheckcorrectness,completeness,easy-readabilityandeasyIntegratethevariousprocess ationsintooneenterpriseprocessation集成不同的流程文檔到一個企業(yè)流程文檔中Concept:ProcessHierarchyandProcessFlow概念：流程層次和流程ArchitectureHierarchies&Flows流程體

Startwithelaboratingontheprocessarchitecture.Theprocesshierarchydefinesthescopeincludingthelevelofdetail.流程層次定義包括Theprocessflowillustratesthesequenceofactivities.Theactivitydetailshowsallrelevantaspectsofanactivitye.g.input (s),businessrules,controlsrisks,etc.活動細節(jié)展示一個活動所有相關(guān)Figure1:ProcessFrameworkHierarchyandFlow圖1：流程框架－層次和流Note:Theprocesshierarchyfacilitatesas“navigator”tothecorrespondingprocessflows.Inthisexampleonlythelowestlevelofthehierarchy(procedurelevel)isedinmoredetailasprocessflow.TheguidelinesareavailableinHolspace在Holcim空間有指南提供: ProcessHierarchy流程層ProcessProcessHierarchyConcept流程層次Hierarchywith4 OpCo主流 Sub-子流過ProcessProcessHierarchyExample 流程層次示例(資本支出采購訂單/貨物/OpCoICS流程層次Theprocesshierarchyfacilitatesas“navigator”tothecorrespondingprocessOftenonlythelowestlevelfromthehierarchy edasprocessProcessFlow:EventDrivenProcessChain(EPC)流程圖：驅(qū)動的EPCEPC EPCEventProcess

TheEvent-drivenProcessChainmethod(EPC)isusedbymanycompaniesforing,yzing,andredesigningprocesses.Simple-to-useandtheeasy-to-understandnotationaremajorstrengthsoftheEPC.ThismakesEPCawidelyacceptedtechniquetoprocesses.EPCEPCSymbolsEPCEPC被TheEventrepresentsastatethatinfluencesorcontrolsthefurtherflowofacustomerorderreceivedcustomerorderconfirmedFunctionsdefinetasksoractivitieswithintheprocess–thewhat.功能定義在流EntercustomerorderCheckmaterialonstockSystemFunctionsdefinetasksoractivitieswithintheprocessthatareautomatedbyasystem.系統(tǒng)功能定義在流ValidatecustomerordervaluewithcreditlimitAND,XORandOROperand“與”，Ref:AppendixTheProcessInterfacereferstoapreliminaryprocessatthesameMasterDataManagement Function功System系統(tǒng)功Logical邏輯算子操Process流程接hierarchicallevel.流程接口 hierarchicallevel.流程接口 TheRoledefineswhocarriesoutanactivity.Note:Forsimplicityreasonroleequals注釋：簡單來講角色可等同于HeadControlling控制負責FinancialAccountant財務會TheOrganizationalUnitdefineswhocarriesoutanactivity.組織單元定義那個組Controlling,Marketing,Withthes/InformationboxtheinputandoutputoftheactivitiesanbeCustomerOrder客戶訂單TaxCalculationWorksheetApplicationsareusedtodefinewhichactivitiesaresupportedbyanapplication.SAPSDSAPFI-CODepartment部AdhocAdhocrequestforquotebythe Opportunitycanbequoted或沒 創(chuàng)建客戶報Create價 carriesQuoteStructure:-BusinessPartner-ListofProducts產(chǎn)-Price&RebatesCalculatecarries價格滿足PricemarginPricedoesmeetmarginValidate簽字的有by carries效報 處后的Quote報價單送forquoting給客 QuotenotapprovedforSendquote給客 carries基于被接受Orderced的報價單下basedon達了訂單acceptedquoteQuoteisnotacceptedbyHeadofEPCExampleQuotation hasoutput Description描述ThepriorprocesstoQuotationManagementisOpportunityManagement.Thestartevents“Opportunitycanbe”,Adrequestforquotebythe”withoutmaintained”.Onlyifonemore(OR-Rule),ofthiseventaretrue,theprocesscanstart.是， 1.SalescarriesoutthecreateQuoteforoutputofthisprocessisthe“CustomerNote:Focusontherelevantelementsinatione.g.showonlyrelevantsasinputandoutput.2.SalescarriesoutthecalculatePriceforIfpricemeetsthemargin,processflowcanIfpricedoesnotmeetmargin,theprocessflowloops3.TheHeadofSalescarriesoutthevalidateQuotebydoubleIfquoteisapprovedforquotingthenprocessflowcanIfQuotehasnotbeenapproveditloopsback.Thereare2possibleendeventsintheprocess:a)IfQuoteisnotacceptedbythenthisisthefinalresult/statethequotingb)IftheeventceOrderbasedaccepted,thenthequotingprocesscompletedandtriggerstheOrderManagementProcess.b)是流程結(jié)束并且觸發(fā)訂單管理流程EPCEPCDesign EPCProcess

Rule1:Diagram/Ingeneral,anEPCdiagram'must'startwithevent(Event1)andendwithevent(Event4).（可選

Fromwhichprocessarewecoming

通常，一個EPC圖‘必須’ 開始（1：Event啟 1Activity

e.g.quoterequestedbye.g.createcustomer

且結(jié)束于（4）Rule2:NamingConventionforVerb(active)ande.g.createcustomer規(guī)則2：功能名規(guī)2：Activity2Thisreflectsthetraditionalif-thennotationXORmeans,thatonlyoneeventcanbetrue.異或規(guī)

Event

一 實現(xiàn)Event

Rule3:NamingConventionfor報價被通過QuoteSystem

Quoteisapproved

Event/StatetriggeringanOpportunitycanbeEvent/Stateresultingofan

(actual)e.gCredit系統(tǒng)功能實際

支 4：Event結(jié)

Order （可選）(Optional

能夠報價的機/狀態(tài)作為一個活動的結(jié)果客戶訂單EventsarepassiveelementsinEPC.Unlikeafunction,whichisatime-consumingoccurrence,aneventisrelatedtoonepointintime.是EPC中的元素，不同于功能，功能是一個持續(xù)發(fā)生的事情，一個是與一個時間點關(guān)聯(lián)Aneventistherelevantcondition,whichcontrolsorimpactsthefurtherprocedureforoneormoreLayoutOptionsandExamples（設(shè)計方案及實例 layout（EPC自由布局

Thefollowingexampleisaveryflexiblelayoutoption;thecoreistheprocessflows.Thislayoutisoftenusedforverycomplexprocesseswithmanyloops,branchesetc.It’sthemostflexible流程被執(zhí)行流程被執(zhí)行的

注釋:開始HARP和本地

localtaxtobe

StartConditionwhythisprocessshouldbeexecuted.

布局方案；其是流程圖GLaccountscontributingthedifferencebetweenHARPandlocal

Providesalland

carries

gGeneralLed(GL)gListwith

regulations

提供所的非減持和

現(xiàn)金條

非減持條deductable(Draft)（草稿Cash-

非現(xiàn)金和供應不同的b)Noncashandprovis

運貶值/攤銷和勾

defferalmovc)Depreciation/Amortizationandwrite-offs關(guān)聯(lián)公司未分配利潤d)Undistributedofassociatedc非減持

carries

-供應或延-改變金融

deductableitems分類規(guī)則RuleMovementofprovi-sioning/deferralChangein

Reviewlistandupdatetaxcalc.Listwithdeductableitemsiscorrect

WorksheetDraft)Listwith Listwith-固定資產(chǎn)的估計和它的andits分類規(guī)則

3&ClassifyItemsinTaxCalc.

carries

TaxRule-永久差異permanenttime-暫時差異temporarytime

3&4計稅工作

Worksheet計算工作表（Journal

CreateJournalJournalVoucher

carriescarries

GLDivisionJournalAccontingJournal JournalVoucherisapproved

JournalVouchernotapprovedPostJournalVoucherin

carries

General(GL)

correctnessofdataentriesin

carries

GLDivision 數(shù)據(jù)在SAP中修正本 數(shù)據(jù)在SAP未修localtaxdataentriescorrectin

localtaxentriesnotcorrectin layoutwithvisualstructure（EPC形象構(gòu)造自由布局 Thislayoutisusedwhenactivities,theirrelatedcontrolsand(optionally)risksshouldbevisualizedonone Forleanandeasyprocessesthislayoutworksfine.It’snotidealforverycomplexprocessesduetothelimitedspacefortheactivitiesandevents–onlyhalfofthepage.（這個方案通常是活動的，它描述的控制與風險“可選應該呈現(xiàn)在一頁上。因依靠簡單的流程這個設(shè)計更好，它并不適合非常復雜的流程，由于空間有限,對活動和只成Controlclosing回顧資產(chǎn)總數(shù)和 layoutwithvisualstructureanddescriptionEPC活客戶到貨控制功和活動風險和活客戶到貨控制功和活動風險和收貨記錄檢查支持文文件包錯文檔與采購定單效驗，交貨記錄在中，以合同來確認準確性 完整性。與相關(guān)人研究更新文如果確認有例外，相關(guān)人員被通知調(diào)整外。舉例，如果收貨在SAP中不被凍結(jié)，要求者被通知鎖住交貨。如 SAP中關(guān)鍵細在SAP中自 信息使用功能：TCODE數(shù)量正10%，并數(shù)量正10%，并SAP自動檢驗，有兩和三種合并方應付自記財務會貨物由地磅員接收，如果數(shù)量正負 Comment:注釋

EPC(Column ypredefinedlayoutExample1EPC（柱狀展示）ofallmodelswithapre-definedlayoutisthecreationofinvisble

ModelingoccursfromtoptobottomintheEPC(ColumnDisyForexample,whenmodelingorganizationalelements,thecarriesoutrelationshipwillbecreatedimplicitlybetweenorganizationalelementsandfunctions.EPC中，樣式變化從頂部到底部，（以柱狀展示為例，當模型組織元素時，“發(fā)生”關(guān)系將新新總帳會區(qū)域經(jīng)財務經(jīng)當注釋：為什么流程必須包區(qū)域經(jīng)理復更推斷條推斷條目沒Organi EPCTable ypredefinedlayout(Example1EPC(表格展示)-預定義布局圖(Thefollowingdiagramshowsahighlystructuredlayoutwithmany“hidden” Caries.IsinputforHasoutpListwihnon- Listwihnon-RRlocaltaxto

帳戶在什么之間的不anera

)Accoun

difference

Providesallandprovision

計算工作表(初稿RRitemsis

Reviewlistandupdatetaxcalc.列出正deductableitemsiscorrect

區(qū)域經(jīng)

列出非可列出非可判斷Listwithnon-分類控制項目

TaxCalculaionTaxCalculaionWorksheetListwihnonListwihnon(已計算工作(初稿項目分

3&TaxCalc.

區(qū)域經(jīng)

ItemClassificaionRuleItemClassificaionRuleTaxCalculaionWorksheet(Draft)創(chuàng)建分類帳憑

CreateJournal

區(qū)域經(jīng)

分類憑證(初稿

分類憑證( JournalVoucherJournalJournalVoucher分類帳憑RRJournalVoucher

財務經(jīng)

ning

JournalVoucherisapproved分類帳憑系統(tǒng)內(nèi)

PostJournalVoucherinSAP

一般分類帳

分類憑證(初稿GeneralGeneralLedger(GL)JournalVoucher在SAP系統(tǒng)內(nèi)生成

correctnessofdataentriesin

區(qū)域經(jīng)GLGLDivisionR在SAP系統(tǒng)內(nèi)地方的條目R

在SAP系統(tǒng)內(nèi)地方localtaxentriesnotcorrectin

localtaxdataentriescorrectinFigure2:EPC(Table

一般會計帳

列出非可判斷的項(初稿 EPCTable ypredefinedlayout(Example2)EPC(表格展示)-預定義布局圖(客客戶發(fā)詢價請創(chuàng)建詢供應者主數(shù)客戶詢價請?zhí)厥庖I需求價格1萬美需求價格小1萬美詢采購經(jīng)客戶詢價請詢價批通詢不通Figure3:EPC(Table ModellingTechniquesforadvancedProcessModellers先進的流程建模 HowtouseProcessInterfacesintheation口Extendedevent-drivenprocesschains(eEPC)onthesamedescriptivelevelareinter-linkedusingprocessinterfaces.Inthisprocess,itshouldbeensuredthatthemodelnameofthelinkedeEPChasthesamenameastheprocessinterface.Itshouldalso在相同的描述級別上的延伸的驅(qū)動流程鏈（eEPC）通過使用流程接口來實現(xiàn)內(nèi)在連接。在這個流程中，應該確保連接的eEPC的模型名稱與流程接口中的名稱保持一致。同時也應注意前一模型的輸出與被連接的模型的開始應該是一致的。RuleRule1ThemodelnameofthelinkedeEPChasthesamenameastheprocess連接的eEPCRuleRule2規(guī)則Theoutgoingeventisidenticaltothestarteventforthemodeltobe前一模型的輸出的事情將是被連接的模型的開 Rule3規(guī)則Theprocessinterfacesisusedtolinkprocesseswithinthesameprocess流程接口用來連接相同流程級別內(nèi)的流程 ABB A Figure4:EPCProcessInterfacewithinthesameProcess圖形4：在相同流程級別內(nèi)的EPC流程LogicOperatorsRulesTypes邏輯算子規(guī)則類EventrulesandFunctionRulesrepresentlogicoperators,whichallowspecifyingthelogicallinksthatexistbetweenEventsandFunctionsinprocesschains.Therefore,wecanbasicallydistinguishEventrulesandFunction規(guī)則和功能規(guī)規(guī)則表現(xiàn)邏輯算子，允許指定存在于流程鏈中的和功能之間的邏輯連接。因此，我們基本上能區(qū)規(guī)則和功能規(guī)都都必須發(fā)生過程能夠開始之前，兩EventRules:ThestartingeventsarelinkedbyanANDrule.ThismeansthattheprocedureReleaseoperationprocedureisonlystartedifaroutingisavailableandthenecessaryresourceshavebeenverified.Thereforebotheventsmusthaveoccurredbeforetheprocedurecan規(guī)則：以AND規(guī)則連接開 。意思是：當一種“通路是可的”所有必要條件都確認時，“釋放運行”的過程才能開始。因此Figure5:Event圖形5：規(guī)詳詳個常用的規(guī)則被用于在EPC（后面將以一個標準圖表的形式進細的描述）中進行呈復雜的關(guān)系也是可以想像的。在這個案例中，“包含OR”原則acceptingorinrejectingthequote.Bothresults,however,cannotoccuratthesametime.Besidesthesetwocasesandthe"inclusiveOR"rule,morecomplexrelationshipsarealsoconceivable.Inthiscase,ageneralrulescanberepresentedinanEPCwhichwillbedescribedlaterinmoredetailintheformofarulediagram.功能規(guī)則：“檢查供應商報價”功能的結(jié)果可以是“接受報價”或絕報價”。然而，這兩種結(jié)果是不可能同時發(fā)生。除這2個案例之外rofferfunctionmayeitherresultFunctionRule:TheFigure6:Function圖形6：功能規(guī)EventRules規(guī)FunctionRules功能規(guī)Figure7:OverviewofEventRulesandFunction圖形7：和功能規(guī)則的概Inthiscontext,specialattentionmustbepaidtotherestrictions,whichexistforfunctionrules.Duetothefactthateventscannotmakedecisions(onlyfunctionscandothis)atriggeringeventmustnotbelinkedusinganORorXORrule!Below,possiblerulesareexinedusingexamples.在本內(nèi)容中，需特別注意由于功能規(guī)則而存在的相關(guān)限制。由于不能作決定的實際情況（只有功能能夠決定），一個觸發(fā)必須不能使用OR或XOR原則來連接！接下來，將通過舉例來解釋可能LogicOperators 邏輯算子規(guī)ANDANDRulefortriggering 觸發(fā)的“與”規(guī)Thefunctionwillbecarriedout have所發(fā)生后這個功能才能實allFigure8:ANDRulefortriggeringEvents觸發(fā)的“與”規(guī)ORRulefortriggeringevents:觸發(fā)的“或”規(guī)Thefunctionwillbecarriedoutafteratleastoneofthehasas至少有一個發(fā)生后這個功能將能夠?qū)岶igure9:ORRulefortriggeringEvents觸發(fā)的“或”規(guī)XORRulefortriggeringevents:觸發(fā)的“異或”規(guī)Thefunctionisstartedafterexactlyoneandonlyoneevent有且只有一個發(fā)生后這個功能才開Figure10:XORRulefortriggeringEvents觸發(fā)的“異或”規(guī)ANDANDRuleforcreated被創(chuàng)建的“與”規(guī)Thefunctionresultsinallevents這個功能導致的結(jié)果是所的發(fā)Figure11:ANDRuleforcreatedEvents被創(chuàng)建的“與”規(guī)ORORRuleforcreated被創(chuàng)建的“或”規(guī)Thefunctionresultsinatleastoneoftheevents這個功能導致的結(jié)果是至少有一發(fā)Figure12:ORRuleforcreatedEvents被創(chuàng)建的“或”規(guī)XORXORRule(Either/Orrule)forcreated被創(chuàng)建的“異或”規(guī)Thefunctionresultsinoneeventatthemost這個功能導致的結(jié)果是有且只有一發(fā)Figure13:XO