Capgemini-設計下一代數(shù)字產品（英）

ENGINEERINGNEXT-GENERATIONDIGITALPRODUCTSFOREWORDSoftwarizationcanprovideawealthofopportunity.Thereare,however,challengesthatmustbeovercome.esssWithsoftwarization,theynowcandrivethemselvesanduploadgranularinformationaboutthewnsexampleofhowsoftwarizationenablesnewrevenueopportunitiesanduserexperiences,especiallywhenittakesadvantageof5Gmobilenetworksforover-the-air(OTA)twarizationalsoprovidesengineerswithunprecedentedwaystogetinformationabouttheperformanceoftheirproductsintherealworldandhowcustomersreallyusethem.TheseToachievetheseandotherbenefits,businessesmustovercomefourmajorchallenges,startingwithfindingenoughpeoplewiththenecessaryskillstodevelopsoftware-centerproducts.AstesWhileofenterprisesareactivelythinkingaboutintegratingsoftwareInthispaper,myteamatCapgeminiEngineeringispleasedtobringyouasix-pointframeworkdevelopedbyEverestGrouptoovercomethesechallenges.Italsoincludessuccessstoriesfrombusinesseswellintotheirsoftwarizationtransformations,suchasAbbottLaboratories,JohnulftwareOfficerCopyright?2022,EverestGlobal,IncCopyright?2022,EverestGlobal,Inc.Allrightsreserved.EngineeringNext-GenerationDigitalProductsTheRoleofSoftwareinModernSmart,Connected,AutonomousProductsThisdocumenthasbeenlicensedtoCapgeminiEngineeringeD|EGR-2022-40-V-5225|EGR-2022-40-V-5225Introduction03Whatwemeanbysoftwarization04ofproductsCurrentstateofthemarket04Enterpriseimperativesforsuccess07Conclusion16|EGR-2022-40-V-5225Softwareisthemostcriticalcomponentintheproductengineeringecosystemtoday.Thenumberoflinesofcodeinproductssuchasautomobiles,airplanes,electronicdevices,andmedicaldevices,hasincreasedtounprecedentedlevels.Acrossindustries,next-generationsoftware-enabledtechnologiessuchasArtificialIntelligence(AI),MachineLearning(ML),InternetofThings(IoT),5G,andAugmented/VirtualReality(AR/VR),arebeingembeddedintophysicalproductstoconvertthemintosmart,connected,andautonomousdigitalproducts.Thetwinleversofconnectivityanddataarealsoincreasinglycriticalforenterprisesdevelopingnew,as-a-servicerevenuestreams.AssoftwareiskeytoproducttransformationaswellasengineeringandR&Dprocesses,itiscriticaltounderstandtheincreasinguseofsoftwareacrossindustriesandthestepsthatengineeringenterprisesneedtotaketoavoidcommonpitfallsintheirsoftwarizationjourney.Inthisresearch,weexploretheseissuesandanswerthefollowingthreequestions:1.Whatarethedriversofsoftwarization?2.Whatarethecommonpitfallsforenterprisesastheyintegratesoftwareintotheirproducts?3.Howcanenterprisesensuresuccessastheystartandthensustaintheirproductsoftwarizationjourney?|EGR-2022-40-V-5225NEXTGENERATIONDIGITALPRODUCTS4WhatwemeanbysoftwarizationofproductsSeveraltermsandnomenclaturesareusedtodescribetheemergenceofsoftwareasthemostsignificantcomponentinproductsacrossindustries.Softwarizationofproducts,software-definedtransformation,digitaltransformation,anddigitalproductshaveallbeenusedinterchangeablytodescribethesamephenomenon.EverestEverestGrouptakeWedefinedigitaltransformationasthesoftware-driventransformationofthewholeenterprise,encompassingthetransformationofvariousinternalprocesses,ITsystems,andoperations,aswellastheintegrationofsoftwareandplatformsinengineeringandmanufacturingprocesses.Forthepurposesofthisresearch,however,wewilltalkprimarilyaboutthesoftwarizationofproducts,whichreferstotheincreasingshareofsoftwareanddigitaltechnologiesinphysicalproductsthataddsmart,connected,andautonomousfeaturesandconvertthemintodigitalproducts.Thisconversionofphysicalproductstodigitalproductsviasoftwarizationhasenabledfourkeycapabilities:Monitoring–Connectivityenabledbytheintegrationofsensors,communicationgateways,andthecloud,facilitatesdatatransferfromtheproduct,allowingforcontinuousmonitoringoftheproduct’scondition,environment,andforalertsandfeedbackregardingusageControl–Softwareintegratedintheproductenablesmorecontrol–oftenremotely–oftheproductfunctionsaswellaspersonalizationoftheuserexperienceandfeatureenhancementviaOptimization–Theuseofsoftwarealgorithmsanddataanalyticscanbeusedtooptimizeproductperformanceandenablepredictiveandpreventivemaintenance,diagnostics,service,andrepairAutonomy–Digitalproductscanbemadeautonomousbyintegratingintelligenttechnologieswithsensors,connectivity,andanalyticsforautonomousoperations,self-diagnosisandservice,andautonomousinteractionswiththeproductenvironmentthemarketTheconversionofphysicalproductsintodigitalproductsviasoftwarizationhasacceleratedacrossindustriesoverthelastfewyears,withmultiplefactorsdrivingenterpriseengineeringteams'|EGR-2022-40-V-5225NEXTGENERATIONDIGITALPRODUCTSDriversofsoftwarizationRapidlyevolvingcustomerexpectations:Softwarizationofproductsisakeyenablerinconvertingthemintosmart,connected,andautonomousdigitalproducts.Today’sendusersaredigitallysavvyanddemandahyper-personalizedexperienceandimmediatefeedbackthatcanonlybegeneratedthroughthesesmartandconnectedproducts;forexample:–Acrossthefitnessandhealthcareverticals,theneedforimmediatefeedbackhasresultedinthebirthofthesmartwearablesindustry,withdevicesconfiguredtomonitoruserdataandprovidecustomizedinsightsandrecommendationsinreal-timeFurthermoreintegratingautonomousfeaturescansignificantlyreducethecostofrunningtheseample–AttheConsumerElectronicsShow2022,JohnDeereunveiledafullyautonomoustractorthatwillenablefarmerstotilltheirlandwithouttheneedforexpensivelaborFasterproductupgradesandreleases:TheadventofconnectedproductshasenabledenterprisestorolloutupdatesandupgradesOver-The-Air(OTA),shorteningtheproductlifecycleandeliminatingtheneedtorecallproductswhentheyfail;forexample:–ThewidespreadprevalenceofconnectedcarshasenabledmostautomotiveOEMstorolloutupdatesOTA.Tesla,forinstance,whichhasbeenaleaderinOTAsoftware,releasessoftwareupdatesremotelytoimprovein-carandownershipexperiences.Updatestotheinfotainmentsystemsandvehiclesafety,enhancementstovehiclepartsandfunctionality,andnewdrivingmodesareoftenreleasedOTA.Thesignificantsoftwareimprovementsthatcanbeaddedtothevehicleoftenresultsinanincreaseinthepost-purchasevalueofthecarEnablingalternaterevenuestreams:Connectedproductsenableenterprisestogeneraterevenueviaas-a-servicebusinessmodels.Theservicizationofproductsgeneratesacontinuousrevenuestreamforenterprises,whilealsoreducingtheircustomers’capitalexpenditures.Withuserconsent,bytakingadvantageofdataprivacyprotectionsafeguardssuchasdifferentialprivacytoenablesharinginformationatanaggregatelevel,datageneratedbyconnectedproductscanalsobesoldtothirdparties,sometimescreatingasignificantincomestream;forexample:–KaiserCompressors,whichmanufacturescompressedairandvacuumproducts,introducedabusinessmodelinwhichtheircustomersdonotpurchaseaircompressors,butinsteadmakepaymentsbasedonthevolumeofcompressedair.Themanufacturerinstalledsensorsontheirmachines,whichcapturesdataregardingthevolumeofaircompressedandothermetricsforpredictivemaintenance,whileretainingtheownershipofthemachineandretainingresponsibilityforinstallations,operations,andrepairsGenerateinsightsforengineeringteams:EmbeddingconnectivityandsmartnessintoproductsbenefitsboththeenduserandtheenterprisebygeneratingdataaboutproductperformanceandeakdownstoimprovetheRDprocessforexample–Amazoncontinuallyreviewsitssmarthomedevices’(suchasAlexa-enabledEcho)usagedatatomodifyordeletefeaturesthatmaynotbepopular.InNovember2021,forinstance,AmazonremovedtheAlexaintegrationwiththird-partyemailservicesthatcouldbeactivatedbyvoice,duetolackofcustomerinterestAdvancesintechnologyAdvancesinchipsets,AI/ML,AR/VR,IoT,andconnectivitystandardssuchas5Ghaveenabledmanynewusecasesacrossindustriesthatwerenotfeasibleuntilafewyearsago,leadingtotheintroductionandintegrationofthesedigitaltechnologiesintoproducts.Exhibit1providesaperspectiveonvariousdigitalproducts'enablingtechnologiesandthekeycapabilitiestheysupport(monitoring,control,optimization,andautonomy).NEXTGENERATIONDIGITALPRODUCTSEXHIBIT1enablersourceEverestGroupOptimizationControlMonitoringConnectivityImprovementsincommunicationprotocolsandnetworkstandards(Bluetooth,4G/LTE,Wi-Fi,5G,etc.)haveenabledthemonitoringofphysicalproductsandallowedthemtoconnectandinteractwithotherproducts,externalsystems,andusers,exchangingdataatextremelylowlatenciesandenablingamultitudeofusecases.InternetofThings(IoT)TheriseofIoThasenabledproductstocollectdataviasensors,whilesoftwareandcommunicationtechnologiesembeddedintheproductitselfenablestheprocessingandtransferofdatawithotherdevicesandsystemsovertheinternet.CloudAdvancesincloudcomputinghavemadetheproductcloudacriticalcomponentofalldigitalproducts.Productcloudshosttheentireproductdatabaseandprovideaplatformtobuildsoftwareapplicationsthatsupportthephysicalproduct,allowingforgreaterpersonalizationandcontrolviadataanalyticsandsmarttechnologies.Cloud-basedinterfacesalsoallowenterprisestorolloutupdatesandupgradesOTA.Intelligenttechnologies–AI/MLandcomputervisionTechnologiessuchasAIandMLthatbringaboutthesmartcomponentwithinaproductaresupportedbyalgorithmsembeddedwithintheproductoronthecloud.Advancesinthesetechnologiesareaddressinguserdemandforgreatercustomization,improvedfeedbackandrecommendations,enhancedproductperformance,andmoreautonomy.DataengineeringDataanalyticsisthekeyenablerforincreasingpersonalizationandimprovingfeedbackforusers,whilealsoincreasingproductcontrol.Digitaltwins/simulationDigitalreplicasofproducts(twins)areincreasinglybeingusedinindustriessuchasautomotive,aerospace,CPG,andindustrialproductsforproductdesign,shopflooroptimization,andgatheringreal-timedataonperformancetoimprovepredictivemaintenanceandmakeoperationssafer.HapticsandbiometrictechnologyImprovementsintouchandotherbiometrictechnologies(voiceandgesturerecognition)enabledbyintelligenttechnologiesarekeytoenhancingtheuserexperienceacrossproducts.Immersivetechnologies(AR/VR/MR)Usecasesinvolvingimmersivetechnologiessuchasaugmentedreality,virtualreality,andmixedrealityareontherise,primarilyasameanstoimproveuserexperienceandremoteuserassistance/support.OthersApplicationsoftechnologiessuchasblockchaininproductshavenottakenoffyet,althoughsomeofthesetechnologiesareusedextensivelyinareassuchaspaymentsoptimization.––––|EGR-2022-40-V-5225|EGR-2022-40-V-5225cednofductscednofductsuctsAdvancesinthesekeydigitaltechnologieshasdriveninvestmentsindigitalproductstounprecedentedlevels,withenterprisespendingonsmart,connected,andautonomousproductsreachingaboutUS$250billionin2021,withexpectationsofa15-20%CompoundAnnualGrowtheCAGRthroughEnterprisedigitalproductengineeringadoptionDespitethefairlysignificantscaleandinvestmentsinthedigitalproductengineeringspaceinrecentyears,themarketisstillinitsadolescence.DatafromEverestGroup’senterprisesurveysandDigitalProductEngineeringPEAKMatrix?Assessment2022indicatesthat,whilemorethan90%ofenterprisesareactivelythinkingaboutintegratingsoftwareanddigitaltechnologiesintheirproducts,onlyabout~25%havemanagedtoscaletheirinitiativesacrossmultipleproductlinesandgeographies,indicatingthehugepotentialforfuturegrowth,asExhibit2indicates.italproductengineeringmaturityacrossenterprisesourceEverestGroupPercentageofrespondentsrisewideccessSoftwarizationandtheintegrationofdigitaltechnologiesinproductsisatrendthat’sheretostay–enterprisesthathavebeenabletobrandthemselvesassoftwarecompanieshaverealizedextremelyhighvaluationscomparedtotraditionalenterpriseswithproductscenteredaroundhardware.Forinstance,Teslahasamarketcapthatis10XthatofVolkswagen’s,despiteVolkswagensellingalmost5Xthenumberofvehicles.Asaresult,enterprisesarepivotingtowardsoftwareandinvestinganincreasingshareoftheirR&Dbudgetsinsoftware-drivenconcepts.Whilesomeofthisisnetnewspend,reducedfocusontraditionalproductsisalsodrivinginvestment.Intheautomotiveindustry,forexample,OEMssuchasStellantis,Audi,andMercedes-Benzhaveannouncedthattheywillnolongerinvestinnewinternalcombustionengines,shiftingthebulkofthatbudgettoelectric,autonomous,andconnectedvehicles.NEXTGENERATIONDIGITALPRODUCTSWewillnolongerdevelopanewinternalcombustionenginebutwilladaptourexistingenginestonewemissionguidelines–RalfBrandst?tter,CEO,AudiVolkswagenSimilarlyconnectedwearables,smarthomedevices,andtheintegrationofvoice,AI/ML,andanalyticsindevicesaredrivingspendinginthemedicaldevicesandconsumerelectronicsindustries.Eveninasset-heavyindustries,productssuchassmartmetersandsmartgrids,andconnectingindustrialequipmenttoenableusecasessuchasremotemonitoringandassettracking,aredrivingengineeringspend.Exhibit3offersaviewonkeysoftware-enabledusecasesinwhichenterprisesplantoinvestbasedonEverestGroup’sDigitalProductEngineeringPEAKMatrix?Assessment2022.Softwarizationislikelytohavethegreatestimpactintheautomotiveandmedicaldevicesindustries,followedbytelecom,consumerelectronics,andindustrialproducts.GrowthoutlookfordigitalproductsandkeyusecasesbyindustryHighLowourceEverestGroupHighLowAerospaceAerospaceanddefenseRetailEnergyandutilityIndustrialproductsConnectedConnectedaircraftanddigitalcockpitsAutonomousstoresandSmartgridsandmeterssmartrefrigerationRemotemonitoringttrbuyingandiencesanceeventivetonomousflightforpilotstagsandsignsAssettrackingConsumerConsumerelectronicsTelecomMedicaldevicesAutomotiveystemsalizationofnetworkfunctionsSDN/NFV)SmartwearablesandSoftwareasaMedicalDevice(SaMD)ConnectedcarsandtelematicsvoiceoutersandValue-basedcare–patientmonitoringandconnectedcaredeliveryonomousvehiclesAIAIintegrateddevicesscamerasDevelopmentofcloud-nativecorefor5GnetworksandRANtransformationformentInfotainmentsystemsConnectivityProductsthatcanbeconnectedtotheinternet,oranetworktocaptureandtransferdata2IntelligenceConnectivityProductsthatcanbeconnectedtotheinternet,oranetworktocaptureandtransferdata2IntelligenceProductsthatcanproduceusefulinsights forusersbasedoncaptureddata3DigitalproductivitymaturitycurveAsExhibit4shows,thedigitalproductmaturitycurvehasthreestages:stage1bringselementsofconnectivitytotheproducts;stage2integratessmarttechnologies;andstage3addsalayerofautonomytotheseproducts.ductmaturitycurveourceEverestGroup11AutonomySmartandconnectedproductsthatcanoperateindependentlybasedonasetofpredeterminedrules/algorithmsMostindustrieshaveadvancedbeyondconnectivity(stage1)andarenowintegratingsmartfeaturesintheirproducts,drivenbytechnologiessuchasAI,ML,andanalytics(stage2).Theautomotiveindustryisafrontrunner,withsignificantprogressinautonomousproductsaswell(stage3).Asenterprisesmatureandthesedigitalfeaturesgainwidespreadacceptancefromendusers,bothconnectedandsmartfeatureswillbecomeubiquitous,andenterprisespendwillstarttoconcentrateondevelopingautonomousfeatures.Irrespectiveofthepaceofadoptionacrossindustrieshoweverthereislittledoubtthatdigitalproductsarethefuture.Enterprisesshouldseriouslyconsidermappingtheirdigitalproductinvestments,whilealsoappreciatingthattherearepotentialpitfallsonthesoftwarization|EGR-2022-40-V-5225investmentpriorityxtmonthsNEXTinvestmentpriorityxtmonthsKeyenterprisechallengesThekeychallengesenterprisesfaceinsoftwarizationfallintofourbroadcategories.TalentThepaceofsoftwarizationacrossindustrieshasledtoasignificanttalentshortageandaconsequentincreaseintalentcostsintheengineeringmarket,asOEMsnowcompetedirectlywithpuresoftwareprovidersandtheBigTechfirmsTheneedtointegratehardware,embedded,software,andconnectivityaspectswiththerequisitedomainknowledgerequiresenterprisestoaccessdiverseskillsetsatscale,whichisasignificantchallengegiventhedemand-supplygap.Exhibit5comparestechnologyskillsetsandtheirrelativedegreeofcriticalitybasedonenterpriseinvestmentpriorityandtalentsourcingchallengesTKeytechnologyskillsets:talentsourcingchallengesversusenterpriseinvestmentprioritiesourceEverestGroupHighLowPriorityandtalentgap:LowMediumHighCloudengineeringataanalytics CybersecurityExtendedReality-AR/VR/MREdgebiometricsing5GHighLowngeinsourcingHighLow1X-axisreflectstherelativepositioningofthedigitalengineeringthemesthatenterprisesfindthemostchallengingfromatalentsourcingstandpoint2Y-axisdenotesthedigital/next-generationtechnologyprioritiesofenterprisesinthenext6-12monthsSource:EverestGroup2022KeyIssuesStudyOrganizationTheshifttowardaplatform-centeredapproachandtheincreasingmixofsoftwaredemandsaculturalshiftwithinengineeringteamsawayfromlegacysystemsandprocesses.Hardware-centricenterprisesareoftenrisk-averse,whereassoftware–byitsverynature–demandsenterprisestobemoreagile,performquickeriterations,andfailfaster.Thelackofachangemanagementstrategytoaddressthisfocuslimitsmanagementbuy-inofdigitalandisoftenanimpedimenttofull-scaleadoptionofdigitaltechnologiesLackofbudgetsforexperimentationofteninhibitsenterprisesandmakesthemwaryofinvesting|EGR-2022-40-V-5225NEXTGENERATIONDIGITALPRODUCTSThecomplexnatureofdigitalproductsrequiresclosecollaborationbetweenengineeringteamstoacceleratetimetomarketandnewproductarchitecturestoenablescalability,upgradability,andsafetyThesiloednatureoftraditionalengineeringteamshowever,makescollaborationacrossthevaluechaindifficult,delayingproductcyclesTechnologyUncertaintyregardingnewtechnologyviabilityisoftenaconcernforenterprises.Asaresult,organizationsoftendonotkeeppacewithlatestadvancesandevolutiontakingplaceacrosstechnologiesEngineeringteamsareoftenchallengedtodeterminehowmuchoftheproductneedstobedigitalizedToolittleacceleratestimetomarketatthecostofvalueaddfortheenduser;toomuchresultsinhighercostsanddelayedrolloutsLegacycodebasemanagement–Typically,multipleengineerswritesoftwarewithinaproduct,and–overtime–theengineersworkingontheproductchange,resultingininnumerablelayersofcode.Anynewfeatureenhancementneedstobebuiltontopoftheexistingcodebase,consideringallthecomplexitiesthathavealreadybeenbuiltin.Maintenanceandimprovementofthislegacycodeisoftenchallenging,delayingthereleaseofnewfeatures,andincreasingproductlifecyclecostsCASESTUDYThehealthcareindustryhasevolvedtothedegreethatsoftwareisnowanintegralpartofmostmedicaldevices.ElectronmicroscopesandmedicalscannersfromenterprisessuchasThermoFisherScientificandPhilipsHealthcaremaycontaintensofmillionsoflinesofcode,builtupoveryearsbyengineeringteamsthatchangeovertime.Asthislegacycodebasegrows,itisincreasinglychallengingtomaintainanoverviewofthecodeandkeepitwell-structured,anecessaryactivitygiventhatallfeatureenhancementsandnewsoftwareneedtobedevelopedontopoftheexistingcodebase.Thiscomplexitygenerallyinhibitssoftwareengineers’efficiencyandhampersnewproductdevelopmentandmaintenanceactivitiesforlegacysoftwareinmostlegacymedicaldeviceenterprises.EcosystemTheneedtoquicklyrolloutproductsandacceleratetimetomarkettoretaincustomermind-andwallet-shareputssignificantpressureonengineeringteams,especiallywhencompetitorsarealsoupgradingandrollingoutnewfeaturesinproductsIncreasinglevelsofsoftwarealsorequirescompliancewithevolvingregulatorystandardsaroundsoftwaredevelopmentprocesses,cybersecurity,anddatacontrolandprivacy,especiallyinindustriessuchasmedicaldevices,automotive,andaerospace.Enterprisesoftenoverlookcybersecurityaspectsthathaveemergedasaresultoftheproliferationofsoftwareindigitalproducts,leadingtoproductrecallsandnegativelyimpactingafirm’sbrandimageCASESTUDYIn2019,theEUrecalledachildren'ssmartwatchmanufacturedbyaGermanelectronicsenterpriseoverconcernsthathackerscouldaccessdatacapturedbythedeviceandlocatethewhereaboutsofchildrenwearingit.roadmapvisionroadmapvisionforyoursoftwarizationanddigitalproductengineeringjourneygprocessestoensureclosercollaborationbetweeneringteamsandtherestofthebusinessganizationchangemanagementanddemonstrateclearRoItoachievemanagementbuy-intpeoplestrategytoensureavailabilitykilledtalenttoimplementtheproductvisionmerexperienceacrossmultipleintsbyleveragingdigitaltechnologiesextensivelyosystementitiestobuildcapabilitiesfillwhitespacesandacceleratetime-to-marketFrameworkforengineeringenterprisestoharnessthefullpotentialofdigitalproductsAframework-basedapproachtoengineeringthataddressesalltheabovepitfallsiskeytoachievingsuccessintransitioningtodigitalproducts.Exhibit6offersasix-pointframeworkthatenterprisescanadopttoaddressthesechallengesandunlockthefullpowerofsoftwareinsmart,connected,andautonomousdigitalproducts.TSix-pointframeworktosupportenterprisesintransitioningtoamoredigitalproduct-centeredmarketourceEverestGroupLayoutaroadmap/visionforyoursoftwarizationjourneyCreatearoadmapforeachproductinyourportfolioaswellasyouroverallengineeringorganizationthatlaysoutgoalsandobjectivesforthesoftwarizationjourneyInvestinmarketresearchatanearlystagetodeterminewhichdigitalfeaturestoimplementandwhichtoletgobasedoncustomerinterestCASESTUDYAbbottLaboratoriessetupanewgroupinternallywithinitsdiabetescarebusinesscalledtheNewAnalyteVenturesTeamtoresearchandidentifynewusecasesforitssensor-basedmonitoringtechnologyoutsideofdiabetes.Itseffortsledtothelaunchoftheworld’sfirstglucosesportbiosensor,theLibreSenseGlucoseSportBiosensor,forathletes,inSeptember2020.NEXTGENERATIONDIGITALPRODUCTSRevampengineeringprocessestoensureclosercollaborationbetweenengineeringteamsandtherestoftheorganizationEncouragemorecommunicationbetweenengineeringteamsandotherbusinessfunctionssuchasmarketingandpost-salessupporttointegratecustomerusedataandpotentialdesignflawsintotheproductdevelopmentprocess.Designteams,especially,needtocollaboratecloselywithotherteamstoachievehyper-personalizationandhardwarestandardizationthroughsoftware-basedcustomization,andenableremoteservicesEnsurethatproductsecurityremainsintegraltothedevelopmentprocessacrosstheengineeringlifecycletoavoidexpensiverecallsatalaterstageEliminatesiloswithinengineeringteamstoavoidwasteandrework.Hardwaredevelopment,forinstance,takes10Xasmuchtimeassoftwaredevelopment,andlackofcoordinationbetweenthetwofunctionscouldresultindevelopmentofsoftwarefeaturesthatarenotcompatiblewiththecurrenthardwarepieceCASESTUDYJohnDeere’spushtobecomeasoftware-centricorganizationbeganwiththerealizationthatitwasrapidlybecomingmoreofasoftwarecompanythanahardwaremanufacturer.Whileitrolledouthardwareupgradesonceperyear,softwareupdatescouldbeasfrequentasonceperweek,andputtingoutnewfeaturestoadjusttoolderpiecesofhardwarewasnoteasy.Theimprovementinprocessescameaboutaftermakingsoftwarethecentralpieceofthedevelopmentprocessanddecouplinghardwareandsoftwareengineeringprocesses,afterwhichsignificantfeatureupdates,newcapabilities,andtechnologiessuchascomputervisionandmachinelearningwereintegratedtoenableautonomousoperationswithouttheneedtochangethehardware.InvestinorganizationchangemanagementandshowcaseclearReturnonInvestment(RoI)toensuremanagementbuy-inInvestsignificantlyinorganizationchangemanagementtocommunicateacrosstheorganizationthecriticalityofsoftwareintheproductengineeringlifecycleandthepossibletransitionfromaproduct-centrictoanas-a-servicebusinessmodelConsiderbringinginaleaderwithexperienceinleadinglarge-scalesoftwarizationinitiativesfro