漢語言對比lecture02-exe.英漢詞義對照比較

02．ContrastivestudybetweenEnglishand lexicalmeaningDegreeofsemanticcorrespondencebetweenEnglish ThreepatternsofsemanticcorrespondencebetweenEnglishandSemanticWords’meaninginEnglishandareequivalenttoeachotherinanysituation.Theymainlyincludespecialnouns,terminologies,andnamesofthingsindailylife.Forexample:TheU．S．StatecomputationalThePacificSemanticnon-SomewordsinEnglishandareequivalentinmeaninginpartial.Theyincludetermsofaddressandsomepolysemes.Forexample:酒山土敲借贏拿門聞鼠SemanticSomewordsonlyexistineitherEnglishor.Thesewordsareculturespecific.Therearenocounterpartsintheotherlanguage,sotheyarecalledcultureboundwords.Forexample:(超過軍事目的的)過度力（系資產(chǎn)喧染核““五角大樓文件”泄密后白宮設(shè)立的專門機構(gòu)?！皃lumber”原意“鉛管工”，用以指，系借用“鉛管工”堵漏、Qi龍YinandYangThebeginningofConnocationalPolysemesarestronglycontextualized.Theyhavedifferentmeaningindifferentcontexts.Generallyspeaking,Englishwordsshowstrongerconnocationalpowersthanwords.Example1:(1)(設(shè)施等)無asoftabovegroundlaunchingTherecordhasbeenconsideredsofteversinceitwassetlastMay.自從五月份創(chuàng)造了這個記錄(2)(宇宙飛船的著陸)飛行速度在32公Thelandingmustbesuper-soft，madeatavelocityof18orsoanhour.這次著陸一定是超級的軟著18英里左右。(3)(麻醉)毒性Marijuanaisusuallyregardedassoft通常被看作是軟性(較輕的)麻醉(4)(等)非百分Atthisstage,thereisonlysoft-inligenceabouttheenemyintention.WeshouldnotshootfromtheExample2:(1)towreckbeyondrepairAnearlierPOWreturneewasgivenanewCorvettbyaDenverdealerandtotaleditthenextmonth.早些時候回國的一名戰(zhàn)俘從丹佛的一個經(jīng)售商處弄到了(2)togeteven同作清算；DidyouatleasttotaltheguythathitExample3:(1)Thetwobuildingsarevery(2)Don’ttreatmelikea(3)Likeenough，theshipwillarriveinport(4)Likeknows(5)IhopeIcandrivethecarlikeyou(6)1don’tlikeExample4:(1)Heisastraight(2)Putyourroom(3)Shekeeps(4)Theaccountsare(5)Theyvotedthestraight(6)Shewentstraighthomewithoutgoingto(7)Hewastallandstraightandclear-eyedand(8)Heisfairlystraightwith(9)Thisisaverystraight(10)There'salotofthingswe'vegottoget(11)Thanksforsettingme(12)IbelieveIamthinking(13)HekeepsastraightSemanticdifferencecausedbydifferencecognitive qualificationsandReligion：MyLaw：daughterinTimeInEnglishand，timeconceptareoppositetoeachother. 后， 前， 前， 后，Lastweek/month/quarter/Fromthistimeforward，Iwillworkharder.從這以后我將Intheyearsahead,wewillmakemoreefforts.在未來的歲月里…Anewlifelayaheadofme.新的生活就面。Hesawbeforehimanidylliclife.WordSomephrasesinhavewordsoppositeinmeaningtotheircounterpartsin車EnglishexpressionstendtobemoreeuphemizedthantheirDifferenceinTickthecorrectversionfortheEnglishversionversionSweetDryAnoldWhitenGuineaThick-EnglishversionEnglishversionlongroomconvenientinstantpuppyearlywhitepolarTranslatethefollowingsentencesinto.PayattentiontotheunderlinedEnglish((English)(2)Wearegettingaheadofthe(3)Sixyearslater,Thoseintheuppertenpercentallwenttocollege,whilenota ofthelowerten ecollege(4)IfyouarebornintoanAmericanfamilyrankinginthetoptenthof e,chancesareoneinthreethatyou’llstaythere.Ifyouarebornintoafamilyinthebottomtenth,however,chancesarelessthanonein200thany