融資租賃合同司法解釋探析,民商法論文

融資租賃合同司法解釋探析,民商法論文【題目】融資租賃合同司法解釋探析【導(dǎo)言】【第一章】【第二章】【第三章】【第四章】【結(jié)束語/以下為參考文獻(xiàn)】內(nèi)容摘要融資租賃起源于美國，繁榮于歐美日，但在中國起步較晚，且發(fā)展一直處于低潮期。自2018年以來，融資租賃行業(yè)在我們國家獲得突破性的發(fā)展，融資租賃公司如雨后春筍般大量涌現(xiàn)，融資的總金額每年以上千億的速度增長。融資租賃特殊的運(yùn)作形式使大量資金流入實體行業(yè)，促進(jìn)實體經(jīng)濟(jì)擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)，成為僅次于銀行信貸的第二大社會資金供給渠道，被譽(yù)為朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè).隨著融資租賃在我們國家的迅猛發(fā)展，其引發(fā)的行業(yè)糾紛層出不窮，加之原有立法對融資租賃業(yè)務(wù)的規(guī)范不夠詳細(xì)、明確，對行業(yè)出現(xiàn)的新問題、新運(yùn)作形式?jīng)]有能及時加以規(guī)范，故融資租賃行業(yè)急需法律解決實務(wù)中的難題。法律是手段，是融資租賃行業(yè)發(fā)展的重要支撐與保障。2020年3月1日(關(guān)于審理融資租賃合同糾紛案件適用法律問題的解釋〕開場施行，該解釋集中規(guī)定了理論與實務(wù)界長期爭論的問題，如融資租賃合同的認(rèn)定與效力問題；合同履行和租賃物公示問題；對出租人的保衛(wèi)問題以及合同的解除問題等。本文將以新司法解釋為核心，結(jié)合解釋中的相關(guān)法條，重點闡述新司法解釋中長期爭議的若干問題，進(jìn)而加深對新司法解釋的理解，挖掘條文的精華真髓所在。本文主要分五個部分展開闡述，內(nèi)容如下：第一部分是融資租賃合同司法解釋的起草背景。該部分內(nèi)容是為第二、三、四部分內(nèi)容作鋪墊。內(nèi)容主要分為兩章，第一章是對融資租賃的定義、功能加以明確，對其內(nèi)涵外延進(jìn)行梳理；第二章主要通過介紹新司法解釋的出臺背景以及該行業(yè)出現(xiàn)的爭議問題，進(jìn)而更好地理解新司法解釋的條文，發(fā)現(xiàn)缺乏并提出合理建議。第二部分是探究新司法解釋第一條關(guān)于融資租賃合同法律關(guān)系的認(rèn)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問題。該部分主要是通過對原有立法的梳理，揭示實務(wù)中存在的融資租賃法律關(guān)系認(rèn)定的混亂現(xiàn)象。結(jié)合新司法解釋第一條的規(guī)定，闡述認(rèn)定融資租賃法律關(guān)系時應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮標(biāo)的物的性質(zhì)、標(biāo)的物的價值、租賃合同約定的租金以及合同的權(quán)利義務(wù)等因素，對于名不符實的融資租賃合同根據(jù)其實際構(gòu)成的合同法律關(guān)系確定合同的性質(zhì)。第三部分是探究新司法解釋第九條對出租人的物權(quán)保衛(wèi)，即對好心獲得制度的限制。有學(xué)者稱該部分為租賃物公示內(nèi)容。該部分的內(nèi)容是結(jié)合法條與實踐，對限制好心獲得制度適用的四種情況進(jìn)行分析，以求更好地理解立法本意、正確把握司法解釋條文。最后經(jīng)過分析，對該條的內(nèi)容提出合理質(zhì)疑并嘗試提出解決方案。第四部分是探究新司法解釋第十一條對融資租賃合同雙方解除權(quán)的規(guī)定。該部分先對新舊法關(guān)于合同解除的規(guī)定進(jìn)行梳理，后對新司法解釋第九條進(jìn)行分析，進(jìn)一步挖掘立法者之本意，獲得法條的精華要髓所在。同時，通過對實務(wù)中典型案例的詳細(xì)分析，總結(jié)歸納當(dāng)事人根據(jù)第十一條行使解除權(quán)的行使方式、構(gòu)成要件以及法律后果。第五部分是結(jié)束語。總結(jié)概括新司法解釋的改善與進(jìn)步之處，并且指出其有待商榷之處，并等待融資租賃行業(yè)將來能夠健康、有序、快速發(fā)展。與(融資租賃法〕孕育了若干年仍未出世相比，2020年新司法解釋的施行對融資租賃行業(yè)無疑是久旱逢甘霖、雪中送炭之舉。(融資租賃司法解釋〕固然只要二十六個條文，看似簡潔明了，實則博大精深，每個條文均有立法者的價值傾向與國家經(jīng)濟(jì)政策之具體表現(xiàn)出，每個條文均是平衡當(dāng)事人利益的結(jié)果。但不得不講的是，其仍然存在需要完善之處。法律不是一蹴而就的，而是經(jīng)過千錘百煉并且與時俱進(jìn)的。融資租賃行業(yè)已經(jīng)遭到春雨的洗禮，將來將會以愈加矯健的步伐不斷前進(jìn)，促進(jìn)國家實體經(jīng)濟(jì)以及行業(yè)本身的發(fā)展。[本文關(guān)鍵詞語]:融資租賃；合同；司法解釋AbstractOriginatingintheUnitedStatesandboominginEurope,theUnitedStatesandJapan,FinancialLeasingstartedrelativelylateinChina,anddevelopslowly.Since2018,FinancialLeasinghadbeendevelopingrapidlyinourcountry.Aspateoffinancialleasingcompanieshavesprungup,financingamountisgrowingatbillionseachyear.Makingalotofmoneyintotherealindustry,andpromotingtherealeconomytoexpandproduction,financingleasingoperationpatternbecomethesecondtothebankcreditsocialcapitalsupplychannels,andhasbeenhailedasasunriseindustry.Withtherapiddevelopmentoffinancingleaseinourcountry,thedisputescausedbyindustryemergeinendlessly.Theoriginallegislationoffinancialleasingarenotspecificandclearenoughandfailedtoregulatenewproblemsandthenewoperationmodeintheindustry,SoFinancingleaseindustryneedsthenewlawtosolvenewproblemsinpractice.Lawisthemeans,andoneoftheimportantsupportandguaranteetodevelopfinancingleasingindustry.OnMarch1,2020,enactedbythesupremepeoplescourtExplanationsonthefinancingleasecontractdisputecasesapplicablelegalissuescomeintoeffect.Thefilerulesfocusonthetheoryandpracticeofdebateforalongtime,suchasthecognizanceofthefinancingleasecontractandeffectiveness、theimplementationofthecontract、publicationoftheleaseitemandterminationofthecontractandsoon.Thisarticlewilltakethenewjudicialinterpretationasthecore,combingwiththeexplanationsoftherelatedlaw,anddiscusseslong-termcontroversialissuesinthenewjudicialinterpretation,deepentheunderstandingofthenewjudicialinterpretation.Thispaperisdividedintofiveparts,thecontentisasfollows:PartI:Draftbackgroundandguidingideologyofthejudicialinterpretationoffinancinglease.Thispartisbeddingforthesecond,three,fourparts.Maincontentisdividedintotwoparts.Thefirstpartisaboutthedefinitionoffinancialleasingandtriestomakecleartofunction,makemyselfandthereadersmorecleartheconnotationofthefinancialleasing.Thesecondpartmainlyintroducesthebackgroundofthejudicialinterpretationandindustryissuesoffinancialleasing,tounderstandthefinancingleaseprovisionsofjudicialinterpretationpreferably.PartII:Afinancialleasingcontractlegalrelationshipstandardsandcontentinthefirstarticleofnewjudicialinterpretationaboutthefinancinglease.Thispartmainlyanalysistheoriginallegislation,andrevealchaosphenomenonofcognizanceofthefinancingleasecontractinthepractice.Theauthordiscussesthenatureofthesubjectmatter,thesubjectmattervalue,therentandtherightsandobligationsunderthecontractwhenindentingthefinancingleaselawrelationship.PartIII:Protectiononthepropertyofthelesserandrestrictionsongoodacquiredingoodfaithinarticle9ofthenewjudicialinterpretation.Somescholarscalledthedepartmentastheleaseofthepublic.Combiningwiththelegislationandpractice,thispartmainlyanalysisrestrictionstotheacquiredingoodfaithsysteminfourcases.Finally,bymeansoftheanalysis,theauthorputsforwardreasonablequestionandsolutiontothisarticle.PartIV:explorationonthefinancingleasecontractterminationrightonbothsidesinarticle9ofthenewjudicialinterpretation.Inthispart:firstly,analysesprovisionsoftheoldandthenewmethodabouttheterminationofthecontract;then,analysisarticle9ofthejudicialinterpretation;andfinallydigtheintentionoflawmakers,gettheessencelaw.Atthesametime,basedonanalyzingthepracticeandaccordingtoarticle11,theauthorsummarizedthewayofliftingright,constitutiverequirementsandlegalconsequence.PartV:Conclusion.Thisarticlesummarizedadvantagesofthenewjudicialinterpretation,andpointsoutaspectswhatneedtobeimproved,andwishthatfinancialleasingindustryhaveahealthyandorderlydevelopmentinthefuture.ComparedwiththeTheactoffinancingleasewhathavebeendraftingformanyyears,butnotenacted,Explanationsonthefinancingleasecontractdisputecasesapplicablelegalissuesisanactionlikelongdroughtmeetshowers.Althoughonly26,Explanationseeminglysimple,butitisextensiveandprofound.Eachsectionhaslawmakersvaluetendencyandtheembodimentofnationaleconomicpolicy.Eachsectionistobalancetheinterestsoftheparties.TherearesomeaspectsneedtoimproveinExplanationthatcantbeavoid.Thelawsisnothappenovernight,butfilletingandkeeppacewiththetime.Financingleaseindustrywillhavearapiddevelopment,andplayamoreimportantroleonthedevelopmentofnationaleconomyinthefuture.Keywords:Financial