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托福基礎(chǔ)班天津新東方國外部5-6節(jié)對信息題講解Somesoilsarenotoriouslydeficientinmicronutrientsandarethereforeunabletosupportmostplantlife.So-calledserpentinesoils,forexample,aredeficientincalcium,andonlyplantsabletotoleratelowlevelsofthismineralcansurvive.Inmodernagriculture,mineraldepletionofsoilsisamajorconcern,sinceharvestingcropsinterruptstherecyclingofnutrientsbacktothesoil.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatistrueofplantsthatcangrowinserpentinesoil?Theyabsorbmicronutrientsunusuallywell.Theyrequirefarlesscalciumthanmostplantsdo.Theyareabletoabsorbnitrogeninitselementalstate.Theyaretypicallycropsraisedforfood.北極星高級U14U55U69U92植物學(xué)文章入門Mineraldeficienciescanoftenbedetectedbyspecificsymptomssuchaschlorosis(lossofchlorophyllresultinginyelloworwhiteleafissue),necrosis(isolateddeadpatches),anthocyaninformation(developmentofdeepredpigmentationofleavesorstem),stuntedgrowth,anddevelopmentofwoodytissueinanherbaceousplant.Soilsaremostcommonlydeficientinnitrogenandphosphorus.Nitrogen-deficientplantsexhibitmanyofthesymptomsjustdescribed.Leavesdevelopchlorosis;stemsareshortandslender,andanthocyanindiscolorationoccursonstems,petioles,andlowerleafsurfaces.Phosphorus-deficientplantsareoftenstunted,withleavesturningacharacteristicdarkgreen,oftenwiththeaccumulationofanthocyanin.Typically,olderleavesareaffectedfirstasthephosphorusismobilizedtoyounggrowingtissue.Irondeficiencyischaracterizedbychlorosisbetweenveinsinyoungleaves.長難句講解之非謂語動詞Thefrequencyofriotrisesdramaticallyastheweathergetswarmer,hittingapeakaround27-30°C.Discoveredintheearly1800sandnamednicotianine,theoilyessencenowcallednicotineisthemainingredientoftobacco.錯(cuò)信息題講解Thefinalmajorhumancauseofdesertificationissoilsalinizationresultingfromoverirrigation.Excesswaterfromirrigationsinksdownintothewatertable.Ifnodrainagesystemexists,thewatertablerises,bringingdissolvedsaltstothesurface.Thewaterevaporatesandthesaltsareleftbehind,creatingawhitecrustallayerthatpreventsairandwaterfromreachingtheunderlyingsoil.AllofthefollowingarementionedinthepassageascontributingtodesertificationEXCEPT○Soilerosion○Globalwarming○Insufficientirrigation○Theraisingoflivestock環(huán)境地理學(xué)文章入門Morerecentgeologicstudiesdocumenteddeglaciationandtheexistenceofice-freeareasthroughoutmajorcoastalareasofBritishColumbia,Canada,by13,000yearsago.ResearchnowindicatesthatsizableareasofsoutheasternAlaskaalongtheinnercontinentalshelfwerenotcoveredbyicetowardtheendofthelastIceAge.Onestudysuggeststhatexceptfora250-milecoastalareabetweensouthwesternBritishColumbiaandWashingtonState,theNorthwestCoastofNorthAmericawaslargelyfreeoficebyapproximately16,000yearsago.Vastareasalongthecoastmayhavebeendeglaciatedbeginningaround16,000yearsago,possiblyprovidingacoastalcorridorforthemovementofplants,animals,andhumanssometimebetween13,000and14,000yearsago.長難句講解之虛擬語氣Finlandimposesahightariffontheexportofunprocessedhazelnutinordertodomesticprocessingplants.Ifthetariffwerecancelledandtheunprocessedhazelweresoldatworldmarketprices,morefamerscouldprofitbygrowinghazels.簡化句子題講解TheWhigswerestrongestinthetowns,cities,andthoseruralareasthatwerefullyintegratedintothemarketeconomy,whereasDemocratsdominatedareasofsemisubsistencefarmingthatweremoreisolatedandlanguishingeconomically.○WhigswereabletoattractsupportonlyinthewealthiestpartsoftheeconomybecauseDemocratsdominatedinotherareas.○WhigandDemocraticareasofinfluencewerenaturallysplitbetweenurbanandruralareas,respectively.○ThesemisubsistencefarmingareasdominatedbyDemocratsbecameincreasinglyisolatedbytheWhigs'controlofthemarketeconomy.○TheDemocrats'powerwasgreatestinpoorerareaswhiletheWhigswerestrongestinthoseareaswherethemarketwasalreadyfullyoperating.U110U38U411U610U713地質(zhì)學(xué)AslightlyyoungerfossilformationcontaininganimalremainsistheTommotianformation,namedafteralocaleinRussia.ItdatestotheveryearlyCambrianperiod,anditalsocontainsonlysoft-bodiedforms.Atonetime,theanimalspresentinthesefossilbedswereassignedtovariousmodernanimalgroups,butmostpaleontologistsnowagreethatallTommotianfossilsrepresentuniquebodyformsthataroseintheearlyCambrianperiodanddisappearedbeforetheendoftheperiod,leavingnodescendantsinmodernanimalgroups.天文學(xué)文章入門Theplanetsinoursolarsystemfallintotwogroups:theterrestrial(Earth-like)planets(Mercury,Venus,Earth,andMars)andtheJovian(Jupiter-like)planets(Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,andNeptune).Plutoisnotincludedineithercategory,becauseitsgreatdistancefromEarthanditssmallsizemakethisplanet'struenatureamystery.修辭題ThePsychodynamicApproach.Theoristsadoptingthepsychodynamicapproachholdthatinnerconflictsarecrucialforunderstandinghumanbehavior,includingaggression.SigmundFreud,forexample,believedthataggressiveimpulsesareinevitablereactionstothefrustrationsofdailylife.Childrennormallydesiretoventaggressiveimpulsesonotherpeople,includingtheirparents,becauseeventhemostattentiveparentscannotgratifyalloftheirdemandsimmediately.Yetchildren,alsofearingtheirparents‘punishmentandthelossofparentallove,cometorepressmostaggressiveimpulses.TheFreudianperspective,inasense:seesusas“steamengines.”Byholdinginratherthanventing“steam,”wesetthestageforfutureexplosions.Pent-upaggressiveimpulsesdemandoutlets.Theymaybeexpressedtowardparentsinindirectwayssuchasdestroyingfurniture,ortheymaybeexpressedtowardstrangerslaterinlife.Freuddescribespeopleassteamenginesinordertomakethepointthatpeople○Deliberatelybuilduptheiraggressiontomakethemselvesstronger○Usuallyreleaseaggressioninexplosiveways○Mustventtheiraggressiontopreventitfrombuildingup○Typicallylosetheiraggressioniftheydonotexpressit推斷題Eventhekindofstabilitydefinedassimplelackofchangeisnotalwaysassociatedwithmaximumdiversity.Atleastintemperatezones,maximumdiversityisoftenfoundinmid-successionalstages,notintheclimaxcommunity.Oncearedwoodforestmatures,forexample,thekindsofspeciesandthenumberofindividualsgrowingontheforestfloorarereduced.Ingeneral,diversity,byitself,doesnotensurestability.Mathematicalmodelsofecosystemslikewisesuggestthatdiversitydoesnotguaranteeecosystemstability—justtheopposite,infact.Amorecomplicatedsystemis,ingeneral,morelikelythanasimplesystemtobreakdown.(Afifteen-speedracingbicycleismorelikelytobreakdownthanachild’stricycle.)Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph5aboutredwoodforests?Theybecomelessstableastheymature.Theysupportmanyspecieswhentheyreachclimax.Theyarefoundintemperatezones.Theyhavereduceddiversityduringmid-successionalstages.U45U53U67U989人類文明文章入門LivestockalsocamefromoutsideAfrica.CattlewereintroducedfromAsia,asprobablyweredomesticsheepandgoats.HorseswereapparentlyintroducedbytheHyksosinvadersofEgypt(1780-1560B.C.)andthenspreadacrosstheSudantoWestAfrica.RockpaintingsintheSaharaindicatethathorsesandchariotswereusedtotraversethedesertandthatby300-200B.C.,thereweretraderoutesacrosstheSahara.HorseswereadoptedbypeoplesoftheWestAfricansavannah,andlatertheirpowerfulcavalryforcesallowedthemtocarveoutlargeempires.Finally,thecamelwasintroducedaroundthefirstcenturyA.D.Thiswasanimportantinnovation,becausethecamel’sabilitiestothriveinharshdesertconditionsandtocarrylargeloadscheaplymadeitaneffectiveandefficientmeansoftransportation.Thecameltransformedthedesertfromabarrierintoastilldifficult,butmoreaccessible,routeoftradeandcommunication.心理學(xué)文章入門Anoffshootofthebiologicalapproachcalledsociobiologysuggeststhataggressionisnaturalandevendesirableforpeople.Sociobiologyviewsmuchsocialbehavior,includingaggressivebehavior,asgeneticallydetermined.ConsiderDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Darwinheldthatmanymoreindividualsareproducedthancanfindfoodandsurviveintoadulthood.Astruggleforsurvivalfollows.Thoseindividualswhopossesscharacteristicsthatprovidethemwithanadvantageinthestruggleforexistencearemorelikelytosurviveandcontributetheirgenestothenextgeneration.Inmanyspecies,suchcharacteristicsincludeaggressiveness.Becauseaggressiveindividualsaremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce,whatevergenesarelinkedtoaggressivebehavioraremorelikelytobetransmittedtosubsequentgenerations.詞匯題---練習(xí)P8-6（高級）詞匯題---練習(xí)P8-8（高級）詞匯題---練習(xí)P27-6（高級）詞匯題---練習(xí)P46-2（高級）詞匯題---練習(xí)P47-6（高級）插入句子題---練習(xí)P8-9（高級）Thestate’shealthdepartmentsaysthisprogramservesmorelow-incomepeoplebyusingfederalhealth-carefundsandeliminatingfundingforcertaincostlyprocedures.插入句子題---練習(xí)P27-9（高級）Thatdidn’tleavemuchmoneyforhousing.插入句子題---練習(xí)P66-10（高級）Thiswassurelyduetothefactthat,atthattime,mostAmericansbelievedscienceworkedforthegoodofsoceity.插入句子題---練習(xí)P85-11（高級）Shethoughttheymightbeasuninformedabouttheirfamilyrootsasshewasatthatage.插入句子題---練習(xí)P106-11（高級）Thecompanybelievesthattheseforeign-bornemployeescanbetterrepresentitsinterestsintheirowncountriesthanemployeesfromtheUnitedStatescan.表格題---練習(xí)P169-10（高級）LawmakersLibrarians____________________________________________________________總結(jié)題---練習(xí)P9-11（高級）Decidinghealth-careprioritiesonthebasisofsurvivalod