2022年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二真題（含答案）

2022年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二真題

一、SectionIUseofEnglish

1.Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.

HarlanCobenbelievesthatifyou'reawriter,you'11findthe

time；andthatifyoucan'tfindthetime,thenwritingisn'ta

priorityandyou"renotawriter.Forhim,writingisa[Al]

job-ajoblikeanyother.Hehas[A2]_____itwithplumbing,

pointingoutthataplumberdoesn,twakeupandsaythathecan't

workwithpipestoday.

[A3]_____,likemostwritersthesedays,you'reholidaydowna

jobtopaythebills,it'snot[A4]_____tofindthetimeto

write.Butit'snotimpossible.Itrequiresdeterminationand

single-mindedness.[A5]thatmostbestsellingauthorsbegan

writingwhentheyweredoingotherthingstoearnaliving.And

today,evenwriterswhoarefairly[A6]_____oftenhavetodo

otherworkto[A7]_____theirwritingincome.

AsHarlanCobenhassuggested,it'saLA8]______ofpriorities.To

makewritingapriority,you,11haveto[A9]_____someofyour

day-to-dayactivitiesandsomethingsyoureallyenjoy.Dependingon

your[A10]_____andyourlifestyle,thatmightmeanspendingless

timewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic,thoughsomepeople

canwrite[All]theylistentomusic.Youmighthaveto

[A121—theamountofexerciseorsportyoudo.You'11haveto

makesocialmediaan[A13]activityratherthanadaily,

time-consuming[A14].ThereJ11probablyhavetobeless

socializingwithyourfriendsandlesstimewithyourfamily.It'sa

[A15]______learningcurve,anditwon,talwaysmakeyoupopular.

There'sjustonethingyoushouldtrytokeepatleastsometime

for,LA16]yourwriting-andthat'sreading.Anywriter

needstoreadasmuchandaswidelyastheycan；it'stheone

[A17]supporter-somethingyoucan,tdowithout.

Timeisfinite.Theolderyouget,the[A18]______itseemstogo,

Weneedtouseitascarefullyandas[A19]______aswecan.That

meansprioritisingouractivitiessothatwespendmosttimeonthe

thingswereallywanttodo.Ifyou'reawriter,that

means[A20]writing

(1).[Al]

A.difficult

B.normalJ

C.steady

D.pleasant

解析：difficult困難normal正常的steady持續(xù)地、平穩(wěn)地pleasant討

人喜歡的。翻譯：對(duì)HarlanCoben來說，作家就是一個(gè)___工作同其他工

作沒有什么差別。根據(jù)破折號(hào)后面的解釋，對(duì)HarlanCoben來說，作家只是一

個(gè)普通平常的工作，并無特別之處，B正確。

(2).[A2]_____

A.combined

B.comparedJ

C.confused

D.confronted

解析：combine結(jié)合、混合compare比較confuseconfront面對(duì)翻譯：

HarlanCoben拿作家這個(gè)工作跟修管道____，指出管道工不會(huì)第二天起床并且

說今天我不從事修管道了.上一段指出writerisnormaljob,然后跟

plumber進(jìn)行了一個(gè)對(duì)比，plumbernormaljob,writer也是。B正確。

(3).[A3]

A.IfV

B.Though

C.Once

D.Unless

解析：if如果though然而once曾經(jīng)、一...就??.unless除非翻譯：像大

部分作家一樣，―你維持了一份工作去生計(jì)，對(duì)你來說抽時(shí)間去寫作將不那么

容易.空格處填寫一個(gè)連詞，表達(dá)兩個(gè)句子之間的關(guān)系，如果你像大部分的作家

一樣，擁有一份其他的工作來維持生計(jì)，那么你就將沒有很多時(shí)間去寫作，兩

個(gè)是因果關(guān)系。A正確。

(4).[A4]_____

A.enough

B.strange

C.wrong

D.easyJ

解析：enough足夠strange奇怪wrong錯(cuò)誤的easy容易翻譯：如果你像大

部分作家那樣擁有一份其他的工作去維持生計(jì)，那么多你來說不—抽時(shí)間來寫

作.根據(jù)題意，ifyouholddownajobtopaythebill(有一份工作去賺錢

生活)，那么抽時(shí)間寫作不是很容易，D正確。

(5).[A5]

A.Accept

B.Explain

C.RememberV

D.Suppose

解析：accept接受explain解釋remember記住suppose假設(shè)翻譯：__這

個(gè)事實(shí)，大部分暢銷作家開始寫作的時(shí)候，都是有另一份工作來維持生計(jì)的。

上一句，Itrequiredeterminationandsingle-mindedness,表明一邊工作

一邊寫作需要決心跟專注，然后指出大部分的暢銷書作者都是這樣過來的，

remenberthat(記住)，C正確。

(6).[A6]

A.well-knownJ

B.well-advised

C.well-informed

D.well-chosen

解析:well-known眾所周知的well-advised謹(jǐn)慎的well-informed見多識(shí)

廣的well-chosen精選的翻譯：現(xiàn)在，甚至是相對(duì)—作家都必須去做其他的

工作來補(bǔ)貼他們的寫作收入。根據(jù)前文，有名的作家都是一邊工作一邊寫作

的，and表遞進(jìn)，指出同樣是有名的作家，現(xiàn)在也需要工作來補(bǔ)貼寫作的收

入。A正確。

(7).[A7]

A.donate

B.generate

C.supplementV

D.calculate

解析：donate捐獻(xiàn)generate產(chǎn)生supplement補(bǔ)充、增補(bǔ)calculate計(jì)

算、估算翻譯：現(xiàn)在甚至是相對(duì)有名的作家也需要做其他工作來—他們的寫作

收入。捐獻(xiàn)/產(chǎn)生/補(bǔ)貼/計(jì)算通過其他工作只能是補(bǔ)貼寫作收入，所以C正

確。

(8).[A8]_____

A.cause

B.purpose

C.question

D.conditionJ

解析：cause原因purpose意圖、計(jì)劃question問題condition條件、影

響、代價(jià)翻譯：正如HalanCoben所表明的，這是優(yōu)先選擇的___,如果寫作

優(yōu)先，你就必須犧牲你的日常活動(dòng)和你所喜歡的事情.根據(jù)后面Tomake

writingapriority,you111havetoscrificesomeofyourday-to-day

activitiesandsomethingyoureallyenjoy.表明，當(dāng)你更重視寫作一

點(diǎn)，你就沒有時(shí)間去做你喜歡的事，這就是代價(jià)，conditionofpriorityoD

正確。

(9).[A9]

A.highlight

B.sacrificeV

C.continue

D.explore

解析：highlight強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出sacrifice犧牲c(diǎn)ontinue繼續(xù)explore探索

翻譯：正如HalanCoben所強(qiáng)調(diào)的，這就是優(yōu)先選擇的代價(jià)，如果你把寫作作

為優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)，你就必須—你的日?；顒?dòng)跟你喜歡的事情。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，如果

你偏重寫作，你就沒有時(shí)間干其他的，所以你要犧牲你的日常時(shí)間跟活動(dòng)，B

正確。

(10).[A10]

A.relations

B.interestsJ

C.memories

D.skills

解析：relation關(guān)系interest興趣memory記憶力skill技巧翻譯：根據(jù)

你的—和生活方式，有的人意味著更少的時(shí)間看電視跟聽音樂，然而有一部

分人可以邊聽音樂邊寫作。and連接兩個(gè)并列的詞，lifestyle跟interest

并列。B正確。

(11).[All]______

A.until

B.because

C.whileJ

D.before

解析：until直...到??because因?yàn)閣hile當(dāng).??.before在...之前翻

譯：根據(jù)你的興趣和生活方式，有的人意味著更少的時(shí)間看電視跟聽音樂，然

而有一部分人可以寫作___他在聽音樂的時(shí)候。though表轉(zhuǎn)折，前面說less

timewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic,后面應(yīng)該是表達(dá)，一邊

聽音樂一邊寫作，while當(dāng)???時(shí)候。C正確。

(12).[A12]_____

A.putupwith

B.makeupfor

C.hangonto

D.cutdownonJ

解析：putupwith忍受、容忍makeupfor彌補(bǔ)hangonto緊緊握住cut

downon減少、節(jié)省翻譯：你可能需要—你的活動(dòng)和運(yùn)動(dòng)的次數(shù).根據(jù)前面

的，spendinglesstimewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic,可

知，應(yīng)該是減少活動(dòng)和運(yùn)動(dòng)的次數(shù)，D正確。

(13).[A13]_____

A.intelligent

B.occasionalJ

C.intensive

D.emotional

解析：intelligent智力、有才智的occasional偶爾的、臨時(shí)的intensive

強(qiáng)烈的emotional有感染力的翻譯：你必須使社交媒體成為一個(gè)活動(dòng)，而

不是一個(gè)日常的、耗時(shí)的習(xí)慣。insteadof連接兩個(gè)相反意思的形容詞，a

daily,time-consuming跟occasional意思相反。B正確。

(14).[A14]

A.habitV

B.test

C.decision

D.plan

解析：habit習(xí)慣best最好的decision決定plan計(jì)劃翻譯：你必須使社

交媒體成為一個(gè)偶爾的活動(dòng)，而不是一個(gè)日常的、耗時(shí)的___oinsteadof連

接兩個(gè)意思想法的形容詞，一個(gè)是occational一個(gè)是time-consuming,同理

activity跟空格處的詞對(duì)應(yīng)。activity對(duì)應(yīng)habito偶爾的活動(dòng)跟耗時(shí)的習(xí)

慣。A正確。

(15).[A15]_____

A.toughJ

B.gentle

C.rapid

D.funny

解析：tough棘手的、艱難的gentle文靜的、柔和的rapid快速的funny

有趣的翻譯：這是――的學(xué)習(xí)曲線，并且不總讓你受到歡迎?？崭裉幪顚懶稳?/p>

詞，根據(jù)后文itwon'talwaysmakeyoupopular可知，空格處的形容詞，

是貶義的，相比于gentlefunnyrapid,tough艱難的更合適。A正確。

(16).[A16]_____

A.inplaceof

B.inchargeof

C.inresponseto

D.inadditiontoJ

解析：inplaceof代替inchargeof掌管inresponceof回應(yīng)in

additionto除...之外翻譯：___寫作之外，還有一件事你應(yīng)該至少留一段時(shí)

間那就是閱讀。根據(jù)前面lesstimewatchingtelevision,cutdown

ontheamountofexercise,makesocialmediaanoccasional

activity,本段應(yīng)該為除了寫作之外，你應(yīng)該留一點(diǎn)時(shí)間給閱讀。D正確。

(17).[A17]

A.indispensableV

B.innovative

C.invisible

D.instant

解析：indispensable不可缺少的innovative創(chuàng)新的invisible無形的

instant立即翻譯：任何寫作和寫出來的作品都需要廣泛的閱讀，這是一個(gè)—

要素，沒有它你就不能寫作。根據(jù)題意，空格填寫一個(gè)形容詞，indispensable

supporter不可或缺的要素。A正確。

(18).[A18]

A.duller

B.harder

C.quieter

D.quickerV

解析：dull遲鈍的、不活躍的hard艱難的quiet安靜的quick快速的翻

譯：時(shí)間是有限的，你變得越老，它走的越.后一句，Weneedtouse

itsocarefully(我們要有效的利用時(shí)間)，以及時(shí)間是有限的，可知，當(dāng)我

們?cè)嚼系臅r(shí)候，所剩下的時(shí)間不多了，它流逝的也就越快。D正確。

(19).[A19]

A.peacefully

B.generously

C.productivelyV

D.gratefully

解析：peacefully平靜地generously慷慨地productively有成果地

gratefully感激地翻譯：我們要盡可能小心和—地利用時(shí)間。本段第一句

是，Timeisfinite(時(shí)間是有限的)，然后and連接兩個(gè)并列的詞語，

productively有效率的。C正確。

(20).[A20]_____

A.atmost

B.inturn

C.onaverage

D.aboveallV

解析：atmost最多inturn轉(zhuǎn)而、依次onaverage平均aboveall最重

要的是、尤其是翻譯：優(yōu)先考慮活動(dòng)，讓我們把大部分時(shí)間花在我們真正想做

的事情上，如果你是作家，那么—就是寫作.如果你是作家(ifyouarea

writer),最重要的就是寫作了，thatmeanthethingswereallywantto

doiswritingo最重要的就是寫作。D正確。

二、SectionIIReadingComprehension

2.PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtext

bychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text1

Onarecentsunnyday,13,000chickensroamoverLarryBrown?s40

windsweptacresinShiner,Texas.Somerestintheshadeofaparked

car.Othersdrinkwaterwiththecows,Thisallseemsrandom,but

it'sbydesign,partofwhatthe$6.1billionU.S.eggindustrybets

willbeitsnextbigthing：climate-friendlyeggs.

Theseeggs,whicharemakingtheirdebutnowonshelvesforasmuch

as$8adozen,arestilllabeledorganicandanimal-friendly,but

they'realsofrombirdsthatliveonfarmsusingregenerative

agriculture-specialtechniquestocultivaterichsoilsthatcantrap

greenhousegases.Sucheggscouldbemarketedashelpingtofight

climatechange.

mexcitedaboutourprogress,vsaysBrown,whoharvestseggs

forDenver-basedNestFreshEggsandisaddingmorecovercropsthat

drawwormsandcricketsforthechickenstoeat.Thebirds,waste

thenfertilizesfields.Suchimprovements“allowourhenstoforage

forhigher-qualitynaturalfeedthatwillbegoodfortheland,the

hens,andtheeggsthatwesupplytoourcustomers.”

TheeggindustryJspushisthefirstmajortestofwhetheranimal

productsfromregenerativefarmscanbecomethenextpremium

offering.Inbarelymorethanadecade,organiceggswentfrombeing

dismissedasanicheproductinnaturalfoodsstorestobeingsoldat

Walmart.Morerecentlythereweresimilardoubtsaboutprobioticsand

plant-basedmeats,butbothhaveexplodedintomajorsupermarket

categories.Ifthesustainable-eggrolloutissuccessful,itcould

openthefloodgatesforregenerativebeef,broccoli,andbeyond.

Regenerativeproductscouldbeahardsell,becausetheconceptis

toughtodefinequickly,saysJulieStanton,associateprofessorof

agriculturaleconomicsatPennsylvaniaStateUniversityBrandywine.

Suchfarmingalsobringsminimal,ifany,improvementtothefood

products(thoughsomeproducerssaytheireggshavemoreprotein).

Theindustryisbettingthatthesameconsumerspayingmorefor

premiumattributessuchasfree-range,non-GMO,andpasture-raised

eggswillembracesustainability.Surveysshowthatyounger

generationsaremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange,andsomeofthe

successofplant-basedmeatcanbechalkeduptoshopperswantingto

signaltheirdesiretoprotecttheenvironment.Youngadults“really

careabouttheplanet,"saysJohnBrunnquell,presidentofEgg

Innovations."Theyareabsolutelyalteringthefoodchainbeyond

whatIthinkeventheyunderstandwhatthey'redoing.”

(1).Theclimate-friendlyeggsareproduced.

A.ataconsiderablylowcost

B.atthedemandofregularshoppers

C.asareplacementfororganiceggs

D.onspeciallydesignedfarmsJ

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞climate-friendlyeggs定位到第一段

末句：Thisallseemsrandom,butit'sbydesign,partof...next

bigthing：climate-friendlyeggs（這看起來隨意，但其實(shí)是設(shè)計(jì)好的，是

下一個(gè)大事件氣候友好蛋的一部分）。其中This指的是第一段開頭描述的養(yǎng)雞

農(nóng)場(chǎng)景象。養(yǎng)雞農(nóng)場(chǎng)是設(shè)計(jì)好的，用于生產(chǎn)氣候友好蛋，由此可知?dú)夂蛴押玫?/p>

是在speciallydesignedfarms（經(jīng)過特別設(shè)計(jì)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)）上生產(chǎn)的，所以本題

選Do

（2）.LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogressin_____.

A.reducingthedamageofclimatechange

B.acceleratingthedisposalofwaste

C.creatingasustainablesystemJ

D.attractingcustomerstohisproducts

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞LarryBrownisexcitedabouthis

progress定位到第三段①句，該句提到（Brown）isaddingmorecover

cropsthatdrawwormsandcricketsforthechickenstoeat（Brown正

在添加更多的覆蓋作物來吸引蠕蟲和蟋蟀給雞吃）。結(jié)合②句Thebirds'

wastethenfertilizesfields（然后雞的排泄物可以給田地施肥）和③句中

的Suchimprovements"allowourhenstoforageforhigher-quality

naturalfeed"（這樣的改進(jìn)使我們的母雞能夠找到更高質(zhì)量的天然食

物）可知，C項(xiàng)creatingasustainablesystem（創(chuàng)造一個(gè)可持續(xù)的系統(tǒng)）是

對(duì)①-③句的合理概括，所以本題選C。

（3）.TheexampleoforganiceggsisusedinParagraph4tosuggest

A.thedoubtsovernaturalfeeds

B.thesetbacksintheeggindustry

C.thepotentialofregenerativeproductsV

D.thepromotionalsuccessofsupermarkets

解析：本題為例證題。例證題通?？疾楦鶕?jù)論據(jù)尋找論點(diǎn)的能力，論點(diǎn)一般在

論據(jù)的前面。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞organiceggs定位到第四段②句，該句為論據(jù),

其所要說明的事物為①句：whetheranimalproductsfromregenerative

farmscanbecomethenextpremiumoffering（來自再生農(nóng)場(chǎng)的動(dòng)物產(chǎn)品能

否成為下一個(gè)優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品）。C項(xiàng)thepotentialofregenerativeproducts

（再生產(chǎn)品的潛力）是對(duì)①句中問題的合理概括，所以本題選C。

(4)?Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatyoungpeople

A.arereluctanttochangetheirdiet

B.arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggsJ

C.arecuriousaboutnewfood

D.areamazedatagricultureadvances

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的youngpeople可先定位到最后一段中的②

句：youngergenerationsaremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange（年輕

一代更加關(guān)心氣候變化）。結(jié)合③句中的Youngadults“reallycareabout

theplanet”（年輕人真的關(guān)心地球）和④句中的Theyareabsolutely

alteringthefoodchain（他們絕對(duì)在改變食物鏈），可以判斷年輕人很可能

在從食物方面為改善氣候和地球環(huán)境做貢獻(xiàn)。B項(xiàng)arelikelytobuy

climate-friendlyeggs（可能購(gòu)買氣候友好蛋）是對(duì)②-④句的合理推斷，所

以本題選B。

（5）.JohnBrunnquellwoulddisagreewithJulieStantonover

regenerativeproduct?s______.

A.marketprospectsJ

B.standarddefinition

C.nutritionalvalue

D.moralimplication

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的JohnBrunnquell定位到最后一段中的③

句，Brunnquell說年輕人真的關(guān)心地球。結(jié)合④句他說年輕人絕對(duì)在改變食物

鏈，可見他認(rèn)為年輕人可能通過消費(fèi)氣候友好蛋等再生產(chǎn)品來保護(hù)地球，對(duì)再

生產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)前景是樂觀的。再根據(jù)題干中的JulieStanton定位到倒數(shù)第二

段的①句，Stanton說Regenerativeproductscouldbeahardsell（再生

產(chǎn)品可能要被強(qiáng)行推銷），可見她對(duì)再生產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)前景是悲觀的。因此這兩

人在再生產(chǎn)品的市場(chǎng)前景方面的觀點(diǎn)是不一致的，A項(xiàng)marketprospects（市

場(chǎng)前景）準(zhǔn)確指出了兩人觀點(diǎn)的分歧所在，所以本題選A。

3.PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtext

bychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text2

MoreAmericansareoptingtoworkwellintoretirement,agrowing

trendthatthreatenstoupendtheoldworkforcemodel.

OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajob

inretirementtoprepareforalongerlife,accordingtoasurvey

conductedbyHarrisPollforTDAmeritrade.Evenmoresurprisingis

thatmorethanhalfof“unretirees”-thosewhoplantoworkin

retirementorwentbacktoworkafterretiring-saidtheywouldbe

employedintheirlateryearseveniftheyhadenoughmoneytosettle

down,thesurveyshowed.

Financialneedsaren'ttheonlyculpritforthe"unretirement”

trend.Otherreasons,accordingtothestudy,includepersonal

fulfillmentsuchasstayingmentallyfit,preventingboredomor

avoidingdepression.

“Theconceptofretirementisevolving,saidChristineRussell,

seniormanagerofretirementatTDAmeritrade."It'snotjustabout

finances.Thevalueofworkisalsodrivingfolkstocontinueworking

pastretirement.w

Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns：Americansare

livinglonger.Theshareofthepopulation65andolderwas16%in

2018,up3.2%fromtheprioryear,accordingtotheU.S.Census

Bureau.That'salsoup30.2%since2010.

Becauseoflongerlifespans,Americansarealsoboostingtheir

savingstopreservetheirnesteggs,theTDAmeritradestudyshowed,

whichsurveyed2,000adultsbetween40to79.Sixin10

“unretirees“areincreasingtheirsavingsinanticipationofa

longerlife,accordingtothesurvey.Amongthemostpopularways

theyaredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroverall

expenses,securinglifeinsuranceormaximizingtheircontributions

toretirementaccounts.

Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementare

preparingtodosobecausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetin

theirlateryears,saidBrentWeiss,aco-founderatBaltimore-based

financial-planningfirmFacetWealth.Hesuggestedthatpreretirees

shouldspeakwithafinancialadvisertosetlong-termfinancial

goals.

“Themostchallengingmomentsinlifearegettingmarried,starting

afamilyandultimatelyretiring,nWeisssaid."It'snotjusta

financialdecision,butanemotionalone.Manypeoplebelievethey

can'tretire.”

(1).ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPollindicatesthat.

A.overhalfoftheretireesarephysicallyfitforwork

B.theoldworkforceisasactiveastheyoungeronedoes

C.oneinthreeAmericansenjoyearlierretirement

D.moreAmericansarewillingtoworkinretirementJ

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ThesurveyconductedbyHarris

Poll定位到第二段①句：OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40

haveorplantohaveajobinretirementtoprepareforalonger

lifeoD項(xiàng)中的arewillingtoworkinretirement(愿意在退休后工作)是

對(duì)原文haveorplantohaveajobinretirement(已經(jīng)或計(jì)劃在退休后獲

得一份工作)的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，所以本題選D。

(2).ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatAmericanstendto

thinkthat.

A.retirementmaycauseproblemsforthemV

B.boredomcanberelievedafterretirement

C.thementalhealthofretireesisoverlooked

D.unretirementvcontributestotheeconomy

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph3定位到第三段，Americans

tendtothinkthat在第三段中沒有對(duì)應(yīng)內(nèi)容，第三段整體分析了美國(guó)人選擇

在退休后繼續(xù)工作的原因。①句說明經(jīng)濟(jì)需求不是唯一原因，②句列舉了其他

原因，諸如保持精神健康，避免無聊或沮喪，由此可反推，美國(guó)人認(rèn)為退休會(huì)

給自身帶來此類問題，所以本題選A。

(3).Retirementpatternsarechangingpartlydueto.

A.laborshortage

B.populationgrowth

C.longerlifeexpectancyJ

D.risinglivingcosts

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Retirementpatternsarechanging定

位到第五段①句Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns：

Americansarelivinglonger。C項(xiàng)longerlifeexpectancy（更長(zhǎng)的預(yù)期壽

命）為該句中Americansarelivinglonger（美國(guó)人的壽命越來越長(zhǎng)）的同

義轉(zhuǎn)述，所以本題選C。

（4）.Manyretireesareincreasingtheirsavingsby.

A.investingmoreinstocks

B.takingupoddjobs

C.gettingwell-paidwork

D.spendinglessJ

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞increasingtheirsavings可定位到第

六段①句Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingstopreservetheir

nesteggs,及②句Sixin10"unretirees”areincreasingtheir

savingsinanticipationofalongerlife,這兩句都在描述美國(guó)人增加儲(chǔ)

蓄的事實(shí)，緊承的③句Amongthemostpopularwaystheyaredoingthis,

thecompanysaid,isbyreducingtheiroverallexpenses提出了最受歡

迎的方式之一減少總體開支，對(duì)應(yīng)了D項(xiàng)，所以本題選D。

（5）.Withregardtoretirement,BrentWeissthinksthatmanypeople

are.

A.unpreparedV

B.unafraid

C.disappointed

D.enthusiastic

解析：本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Withregardtoretirement,Brent

Weiss定位到第七段①句Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingto

workinretirementarepreparingtodosobecausetheyareworried

aboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears,saidBrentWeisso由該句

becausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears

（因?yàn)樗麄儞?dān)心晚年入不敷出）可推知，許多人并沒有準(zhǔn)備好退休，對(duì)應(yīng)了A

項(xiàng)，所以本題選A。

4.PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtext

bychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text3

Wehaveallencounteredthem,inbothourpersonalandprofessional

lives.Thinkaboutthetimesyoufelttrickedorfrustratedbya

membershiporsubscriptionthathadaseamlesssign-upprocessbut

waslaterdifficulttocancel.Somethingthatshouldbesimpleand

transparentcanbecomplicated,intentionallyorunintentionally,in

waysthatimpairconsumerchoice.Theseareexamplesofdark

patterns.

Firstcoinedin2010byuserexperienceexpertHarryBrignull,“dark

patterns,fisacatch-alltermforpracticesthatmanipulateuser

interfacestoinfluencethedecision-makingabilityofusers.

Brignullidentifies12typesofcommondarkpatterns,rangingfrom

misdirectionandhiddencoststoroachmotel”,whereauser

experienceseemseasyandintuitiveatthestart,butturnsdifficult

whentheusertriestogetout.

Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11,000websites,

researchersfoundthataboutonein10employsthesedesign

practices.Thoughwidelyprevalent,theconceptofdarkpatternsis

stillnotwellunderstood.Businessandnonproftleadersshouldbe

awareofdarkpatternsandtrytoavoidthegrayareastheyengender.

Whereisthelinebetweenethical,persuasivedesignanddark

patterns?BusinessesshouldengageinconversationswithIT,

compliance,risk,andlegalteamstoreviewtheirprivacypolicy,and

includeinthediscussionthecustomer/userexperiencedesignersand

codersresponsibleforthecompany1suserinterface,aswellasthe

marketersandadvertisersresponsibleforsign-ups,checkoutbaskets,

pricing,andpromotions.Anyoralltheseteamscanplayarolein

creatingoravoiding"digitaldeception.,,

Lawmakersandregulatorsareslowlystartingtoaddresstheambiguity

arounddarkpatterns,mostrecentlyatthestatelevel.InMarch,the

CaliforniaAttorneyGeneralannouncedtheapprovalofadditional

regulationsundertheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)that

uensurethatconsumerswillnotbeconfusedormisledwhenseeking

toexercisetheirdataprivacyrights."Theregulationsaimtoban

darkpatterns-thismeansprohibitingcompaniesfromusing"confusing

languageorunnecessarystepssuchasforcingthemtoclickthrough

multiplescreensorlistentoreasonswhytheyshouldn,toptout.”

Asmorestatesconsiderpromulgatingadditionalregulations,thereis

aneedforgreateraccountabilityfromwithinthebusinesscommunity.

Darkpatternsalsocanbeaddressedonaseif-regu1atorybasis,but

onlyiforganizationsholdthemselvesaccountable,notjusttolegal

requirements,butalsotoindustrybestpracticesandstandard.

(1).Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatdark

patterns______.

A.improveuserexperiences

B.leakuserinformationforprofit

C.undermineusers'decision-makingJ

D.remindusersofhiddencosts

解析：Somethingthatshouldbesimpleandtransparentcanbe

complicated,intentionallyorunintentionally,inwaysthatimpair

consumerchoice.Theseareexampleofdarkpatterns.一些應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)單和透

明的東西可能是有意或無意的，會(huì)損害消費(fèi)者的選擇，我們把這種模式稱為

M1

“darkpatternoimpairconsemerchoice跟undermineusersdecision-

making同義，C正確。

(2).The2019studyondarkpatternsismentionedtoshow_____.

A.theirmajorflaws

B.theircomplexdesigns

C.theirseveredamage

D.theirstrongpresenceV

解析：Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11,000websites,

researchersfoundthataboutonein10employsthesedesign

practices.在2019年一項(xiàng)針對(duì)5.3萬個(gè)產(chǎn)品頁(yè)面和1.1萬個(gè)網(wǎng)站的研究中，

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，其中大約十分之一采用了這些設(shè)計(jì)模式。作者主要是想體現(xiàn)出

darkpattern大量存在。D選項(xiàng)正確。

(3).Tohandledigitaldeception,businessesshould_____.

A.listentocustomerfeedback

B.talkwithrelevantteamsJ

C.turntoindependentagencies

D.relyonprofessionaltraining

解析：BusinessesshouldengageinconversationswithIT,compliance,

risk,andlegalteamstoreviewtheirprivacypolicy,andincludein

thediscussionthecustomer/userexperiencedesignersandcoders

responsibleforthecompany1suserinterface,aswellasthe

marketersandadvertisersresponsibleforsign-ups.checkoutbaskets,

pricing,andpromotions.Anyoralltheseteamscanplayarolein

creatingoravoiding"digitaldeception".企業(yè)應(yīng)該與IT、合規(guī)、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和

法律團(tuán)隊(duì)進(jìn)行對(duì)話，以審查他們的隱私政策。并在討論中包括負(fù)責(zé)公司用戶界

面的客戶/用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)人員和程序員，以及負(fù)責(zé)注冊(cè)的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷人員和廣告

商。結(jié)賬籃、定價(jià)和促銷活動(dòng)。任何一個(gè)或所有這些團(tuán)隊(duì)都可以在創(chuàng)造或避免

“數(shù)字欺騙”中發(fā)揮作用。B正確。

(4).TheadditionalregulationsundertheCCPAareintendedto

A.guideusersthroughopt-outprocesses

B.protectconsumersfrombeingtrickedJ

C.grantcompaniesdataprivacyrights

D.restrictaccesstoproblematiccontent

解析：theCaliforniaAttorneyGeneralannouncedtheapprovalof

additionalregulationsundertheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct

(CCPA)that”ensurethatconsumerswillnotbeconfusedormisled

whenseekingtoexercisetheirdataprivacyrights.M加州司法部長(zhǎng)宣布

批準(zhǔn)根據(jù)《加州消費(fèi)者隱私法案》(CCPA)制定的額外規(guī)定，以“確保消費(fèi)者

在尋求行使數(shù)據(jù)隱私權(quán)時(shí)不會(huì)被混淆或誤導(dǎo)?！奔幢Ｗo(hù)消費(fèi)者不受到欺騙，B

正確。

(5).Accordingtothelastparagraph,akeytocopingwithdark

patternsis______.

A.newlegalrequirements

B.businesses*self-disciplineV

C.strictregulatorystandards

D.consumers1safetyawareness

解析：Darkpatternsalsocanbeaddressedonaself-regulatorybasis,

butsonlyiforganizationsholdthemselvesaccountable,notjustto

legalrequirements,butalsotoindustrybestpracticesand

standards.Darkpattern也可以在自我監(jiān)管的基礎(chǔ)上得到解決，但只有當(dāng)企

業(yè)對(duì)自己負(fù)責(zé)，不僅對(duì)法律要求，而且對(duì)行業(yè)最佳實(shí)踐和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)負(fù)責(zé)。所以解決

darkpattern的關(guān)鍵是businesses'self-discipline”企業(yè)的自覺B正

確。

5.PartA

Directions：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereachtext

bychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text4

Althoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsare

unsureiftheirlessonscanactuallychangebehavior；evidenceeither

wayisweak,relyingoncontrivedlaboratorytestsorsometimes

unreliableself-reports.ButanewstudypublishedinCognitionfound

that,inatleastonereal-worldsituation,asingleethicslesson

mayhavehadlastingeffects.

Theresearchersinvestigatedoneclasssession,simpactoneating

me