人教版英語八年級上冊動詞不定式講解,專項練習(xí)

金戈鐵騎制作金戈鐵騎制作初中英語語法（動詞不定式）1．不定式的基本形式與結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式指通常由to加上動詞原形（如towrite）所構(gòu)成的一種非限定性動詞形式，但在有些情況下to可以省略。動詞不定式有進行體和完成體（如上tobewriting，tohavewritten），也有被動態(tài)（女口tobewritten），所有的主動詞，不論是及物動詞還是不及物動詞，也不論是動作動詞還是狀態(tài)動詞，都有不定式形式。助動詞除be和have外，沒有不定式形式。動詞不定式在語法功能上可作主語、賓語、表語、定語和狀語。2．不定式的用法1）不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作主語TegetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwanmadehimextremelyhappysincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago．Tofinishthattaskinsuchashorttimeisreallyachallenge．在上述情況下，如果不定式較長，顯得頭重腳輕，則可由代詞讓作形式主語（形式主語it不可由that或this等其他代詞代替），而將不定式放到后面。如：1.ItmadehimextremelyhappytogetcontactwithhisfamilyinTaiwansincetheyseparatedmorethan40yearsago．Johnadmittedthatitisalwaysdifficultforhimtobeontime．不定式結(jié)構(gòu)所表示的動作是誰做的，即不定式的邏輯主語，通?？梢酝ㄟ^forsb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)表達：1.Itisquiteimportantforustoreadgoodbooksduringageneralreview．2.Itisnotdifficultfotthosetalentedstudentstopasstheexam.在某些形容詞（如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind，naughty，nice，silly，stupid等）作表語時，不定式后可以加of來引導(dǎo)出其邏輯主語：1.Itisverykindofyoutotellmethetruth．2.Itisstupidofhimtodosuchasillything．2）不定式作賓語不定式作賓語有兩種：一種是及物動詞后直接跟帶to的不定式，另一種是及物動詞+疑問詞+帶to的不定式。及物動詞+帶to的不定式結(jié)構(gòu):只能跟動詞不定式的動詞，常見的有:afford，agree，aim，appear，ask，believe，care，claim，decidedemand，desire，determine，expect，fail，happen，hesitate，hope，intend，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，prepare，refuse，seek，swear，undertake，want，wish等。Hemanagedtosolvethecomplicatedproblem.Thestrangerofferedtoshowmetheway.Mr.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.動詞+疑問代（副）詞+不定式：這類動詞常見的有advise，decide，findout，forget，inquire，know，learn，see，regard初中英語語法總結(jié)，remember，teach，tell，understand，wonder等。常見的疑問代（副）詞有:what，when，where，which，how，whether等。Hedoesnotknowwhentostart.Youcandecidewhethertocontinueortostop.willshowyouhowtodealwithit.有時，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。這可以用這一結(jié)構(gòu)表達：動詞（女口find，think，consider，feel等）+it+形容詞+不定式。1.Sheconsidersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.Wefinditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9o'clock.3）不定式做表語一種情況為主語是不定式（表示條件）；表語也是不定式（表示結(jié)果）：Toseeistobelieve.Toworkmeanstoearnaliving．另一種情況為主語是以aim，duty，hope，idea，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等名詞為中心的短語，或以what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，不定式表語對主語起補充說明作用：；例如：Hisaimistostudyabroadinthenearfuture．Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemabouttheprice．WhatIwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperience．4）不定式作定語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作名詞詞組修飾語主要有三種類型：第一種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯賓語。例如：Therewasreallynothingtofear．Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread．如果不定式是不及物動詞，后面就得加相應(yīng)的介詞。例如：Maryneedsafriendtoplaywith．Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout．Theyhaveastrictteachertolistento．Althoughthefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes，Istillwasnotabletofindachairtositon．第二種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的邏輯主語；例如：Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?Theactiontobetakeniscorrect．Thereisnothingtobegainedbypretending．第三種，被修飾的名詞詞組是不定式的同位結(jié)構(gòu)。這類名詞通常是表示企圖、努力、傾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意義的名詞:ability，attempt，effort，impulse，inclination，wish等。例如：Herdaughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseher．havenowishtoquarrelwithyou．NeitherofthemhadanyinclinationtodobusinesswithMary.5）不定式作狀語CommonProgressPleaseCriticize不定式結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語通常都能轉(zhuǎn)換為限制性狀語從句。例如作原因狀語：Theyarequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea．Theyarequitesurprisedbecausetheyseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea．Hewasluckytoarrivebeforedark．Hewasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark．作目的狀語：1.Sheraisedhervoicetobeheardbetter．2.Sheraisedhervoicesothatshecouldheardbetter．WewentviaHeidelbergtomissthetrafficjam．WewentviaHeidelbergsothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam．作結(jié)果狀語：TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullyastodefeattheBrazilians．TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythattheyevendefeatedtheBrazilians．Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone．Hegottothestationandwastoldthatthetrainhadgone．不帶to的不定式的使用動詞不定式通常帶to,但在有些搭配中不帶to,在另一些搭配中可帶to可不帶to。歸納起來，以下情況下使用不帶to不定式：在can／could,/may／might,will／would,shall／should,must,need,dare等情態(tài)動詞之后,動詞不定式不帶to。在表示感覺意義的動詞，如see初中英語語法總結(jié)，feel，watch,notice,smell，hear，observe等后，或是表示“致使”意義的動詞，如have，let，make等后，動詞不定式不帶to。例如：oftenheardhimsaythathewouldstudyhard．musthavehimseehisownmistakes．但是，當(dāng)這類結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為被動語態(tài)時，后面的不帶to不定式一般轉(zhuǎn)換為帶to不定式。例如：Hewasoftenheardtosaythathewouldstudyhard．Afterhehadfinishedspeaking，hewasmadetoanswerinnumerablequestions．在動詞help之后可用不帶to的不定式，也可用帶to的不定式。例如：Helptheoldlady(to)carrytheheavybox.在hadbetter，wouldrather，may／mightaswell，ratherthan，cannotbut等搭配之后初中英語語法總結(jié)，動詞不定式也不帶to。例如：Unlessyoufeeltoilltogoout，Iwouldrathernotstayathometonight．2.Shecouldnotbutcriticizehisfoolishbehavior.在makedo，makebelieve，letdrop，1etfall，1etfly，letslip，letdrive，letgooff，hearsay，heartell，leavegoof等固定搭配中，用不帶to的動詞不定式。例如：Theyletgooftherope.他們松開了繩子。Johnletflyatorrentofabuseatme.約翰朝我痛罵了一頓。3.1'veheardtellofhim.我聽說過他。4.Someofthefacultywereletgoforlackofthestudents.由于生源不足，一些教職員工被解雇了。6）在介詞but初中英語語法總結(jié)初中英語語法總結(jié)，except之后，如果其前有動詞do的某種形式，其后不定式一般不帶to,反之則必須帶to,表示“不得不初中英語語法總結(jié)，只能”。例如：Hewilldoanythingexceptworkonthefarm.Therewasnothingleftfortheenemytodobutsurrender.Thespywasbothhungryandcold；therewasnothingleftforhimbuttogivein.hadnochoicebuttowaittillitstoppedraining.下面一些短語是固定搭配，不帶to：cannothelpbut，cannotchoosebut，cannotbut，donothingbut，havenothingtodobut。例如：Icannotbutadmirehiscourage.如果上述句中有do，to省略：IdidnothingbutwatchTVlastnight.如果是下面一個固定搭配，就帶to：Ihavenochoicebuttogiveupmyidea.7）緊跟在why或whynot之后的動詞不定式總是不帶to。但是,緊跟在who,what，which，whether等連接詞后的不定式帶to。例如：Whystandupifyoucansitdown?Whynotaskyourteacherwhenyoudon'tunderstandthemeaning?Youneedn'tdecideyetwhethertostudyartsorscience.不定式的完成式和進行式1）構(gòu)成完成式：to+havedone進行式：to+bedoing2）用法完成式：如果不定式所表示的動作（狀態(tài)）發(fā)生在主要謂語動作之前初中英語語法總結(jié)，那么不定式就要用其完成式。進行式：如果主要謂語動作（情況）發(fā)生時，不定式所表示的動作正在發(fā)生，那么不定式就要用其進行式。例如：1.Shefeelsrelaxedtohavefinishedwritingherthesisbeforethedeadline.TheVikingsarebelievedtohavediscoveredAmerica.Whenyoucalledmelastnight，Ihappenedtobeworkingonthecomputer.不定式的被動形式當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是動作的承受者時，不定式要用被動形式，包括它的一般式和完成式。例如：Fortwelveyears，SpanishcensorshipdidnotallowLorca'snametobementionedandhisworktobepublished.Thesnowwassupposedtohavebeenblownoffthemountain.6．不定式的否定形式否定形式是在不定式的標(biāo)志to前加not例如：decidednottoaskhim．a(chǎn)gainPleaseremembernottoleavethelightsonwhen．youareout單項選擇theseedsandtheywillgrow.A.WaterB.TowaterC.WateringD.WateredThepurposeoftheschemeisnottohelptheemployersbutworkforyoungpeople.A.provideB.toprovideC.providingD.providedHearrivedattheofficeearly,agoodexampletotheothers.A.setB.tosetC.tobesetD.havingsetPleasemakemyexcuseattomorrow'smeeting—I'vegottoomuchworkA.todotocomeB.doingcomingC.todocomingD.todocomingWelookedeverywhereforthekeys,buttheyarenowhereA.tofindBt.ohavefoundC.tobefoundD.beingfoundAfterdescribingtheplannedimprovements,shewentonhowmuchtheywouldcost.A.toexplainB.explainingC.tobeexplainingDh.avingexplainedTotesteggs,theminabowlofwater:iftheyfloatthey'rbead,iftheysinkthey'rgeood.A.putB.puttingC.toputD.tobeputtingPleaseremembertheplantswhileI'maway.CommonProgressPleaseCriticizeA.wateringB.tobewateringC.towaterD.beingwateringwine,firstyoumustpressthegrapes.A.MakingB.TomakeC.TobemakingD.MakeI'veneverbeensopoorabletoaffordameal.A.astobenotB.notastobeC.asnottobeD.astonotbe11.Idon'tknowwhethertostayinteachingoranotherjob.A.tryinggettingB.totrytogetC.tryingtogetD.tryget12.I'llhavetochangemyclothesbeforeIgoout—Idon'twantlikethis.A.toseeB.tobeseeingC.tobeseenD.beingseen13.Infact,shewasthefirstwomantosuchapost.A.toelectB.tobeelectingC.tohaveelectedD.tohavebeenelected14.I'dlike___overtheAlpsandlookingdownatthemountains.A.flyingB.beingflyingC.tobeflyingD.beflying15.I'mlearningacake.Canyouexplainone?A.tomake,tomakeB.howtomake,tomakeC.tolearn,howtomakeD.making,making16.Whomwouldyouratherwithyou,JimorJack?A.havegoB.havetogoC.havegoneD.hastogo17.Thehusbandadvisedtothesouth,buthiswifeadvisedhimuptheidea.A.moving,givingB.tomove,togiveC.moving,togiveD.tomove,giving18.“Wouldyouliketocomeforawalkwithme?”“I'dprefer___,thankyou.”A.nottoB