初中英語(yǔ)介詞練習(xí)題及詳解

介詞（一）正誤辨析1、［誤］ Wegottothetopofthemountain in daybreak.［正］ Wegott。thetopofthemountain at day break.［析］at用于具體時(shí)亥U之前，如：sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,night。2、［誤］ Donrtsleepatdaytime［正］ Don't5院pindaytime.［析］in要用于較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，如：inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。3、［誤］ WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.［正］ WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.［析］inthemorning,intheafternoon 如果在這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on,如：onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th4、［誤］Hebecameawritterathistwenties［正］Hebecameawritterinhisbventies［析］這句話應(yīng)譯為：他在20多歲時(shí)就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時(shí)間段中要用介詞in來(lái)表示，而在具體歲數(shù)時(shí)用 at來(lái)表示。5、［誤］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.［正］HewenttoNewYorktofindajob就sixteen.［析］ 在具體年歲前用at,如：attheageof12,atyourage,等等。6、［誤］Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.［正］WewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhOtday.［析］具體某一天要用介詞on,又如：onNewYear's7、［誤］PmlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.［正］I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.［析］在節(jié)日的當(dāng)天用on,而全部節(jié)日期間用at,Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間，一般要有兩周或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。8、［誤］Ihaven'tseeyouduringthesuEITierholidays.［正］Ihaven'tseenyousincethebeginningofthesumme「holidays.［析］during表示在某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，所以一般不與完成時(shí)搭配，如：Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段時(shí)間，可以用于完成時(shí)，如：Ihaven'tseeyouforalongtime.而through用來(lái)表示時(shí)間時(shí)則為"整整,全部的時(shí)間"。如:Itrainedthroughthenight,而since則是表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間，一般要與完成時(shí)連用。9、［誤］Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［正］Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［析］On加動(dòng)名詞表示"一……就”。本句的譯文應(yīng)是：我一進(jìn)入教室就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這個(gè)好消息了。又如：onhearing…一聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，onarrival一到達(dá)就 （on表示動(dòng)作的名詞）io、［誤］Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［正］Atthebeginningofthebook；therearesomeinterestingstories.［析］atthebegining與attheend都是指某事物的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束部分， 均不指時(shí)間范圍，而inthebeginning 則是指開(kāi)始一段時(shí)間。intheend=atlast是指"最終，終于"之意。11、［誤］Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［正］Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［析］by引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示了動(dòng)作的截止點(diǎn)， 其意思為"不遲于某一時(shí)刻將工作做完",所以主句一般是完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，如：I'llbetherebyfiveo'clock.而till則表達(dá)其一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻， 但句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞， 而瞬間的截止性動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用其否定句式，如： Iwon'tfinishthiswork刖(until)nextweekend.12、［誤］HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.［正］HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.［正］HecametoLondontwoweeksago.［析］before一般要與完成日連用，而ago則與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。13、［誤］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsgincelhadcomehere.［正］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.［析］since用來(lái)表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始時(shí)間，所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí)，而不能用完成時(shí)態(tài)14、［誤］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.YOUWillgetitdftcrtWOhours.［正］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitintwohours.［析］ 中文經(jīng)常講兩小時(shí)之后來(lái)取，兩天內(nèi)會(huì)修好，而這個(gè)介詞在英文中要用 in而不要用after。其原因有二，①after多用于過(guò)去時(shí)，如：IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加時(shí)間是表達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間范圍，如：afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。 所以在許諾若干時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)完成某事時(shí)， 一定要用介詞in。15、［誤］Threedaysafterhedied.［正］Afterthreedayshedied.［正］Threedayslaterhedied.［析］after與later都可以用來(lái)表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后，但它們所處的位置不同， after在時(shí)間詞前，而later在時(shí)間詞后。16、［誤］Shehidherselfafterthetree.［正］Shehidherselfbehindthetree.［析］after多用來(lái)表達(dá)某動(dòng)作之后， 所以有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)中稱(chēng)它為動(dòng)態(tài)介詞， 如：Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind貝U多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。17、［誤］Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.［正］Thereisabeautifulbindinthetree.［析］樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)出的果實(shí)，樹(shù)葉要用 on,而其他外來(lái)的人、物體均要用 inthetree.18、［誤］ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.［正］ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.［析］ 在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有 3個(gè)介詞：in,on,to。in表示在某范圍之內(nèi)；on表示與某地區(qū)接壤；to則表示不相接。如：Japanistothe03StOfChiHS.19、［誤］Iarrived就NewYorkonJuly2M［正］IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.［析］at用來(lái)表達(dá)較小的地方，而in用來(lái)表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillage 。20、［誤］HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.［正］HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.［析］在門(mén)牌號(hào)碼前要用at,并要注意它的慣用法：attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。21、［誤］ThereisacolourTVsetatthecornerofthehall.［正］ThereisacolourtVsetinthecomerofthehall.［析］在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用in,而墻的外角用at,如：Thereisatreeatthecornerofthestreet.22、［誤］ ThisweekendIrllstayinUncleWang's.［正］ ThisweekendI'llstayatUncleWang's.［析］要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法， 如：atatailor'sshop（裁縫店）=atat3ilor'SfStthedoctor's（去看?。゛tthebookseller's（在書(shū)店）atuncleWang's（在王叔叔家）23、［誤］ Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontoday'snewspaper?［正］ Doyouknowtherei5somegoodnewsintoday'snewspaper?［析］在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用in,而在具體某一版上，或某一頁(yè)上則要用 on。24、［誤］TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［正］SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［析］這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程，即開(kāi)學(xué)之意。要注意，有些活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動(dòng)時(shí)不要加冠詞，如：attable（吃飯），WhenIcametoTom'shome,theywereattable.還有：atdesk（學(xué)習(xí)），atwork（工作）atschool（上學(xué)），inhospital（住醫(yī)院）atchurch作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：attheschool即在學(xué)校工作或辦事，inthehospital即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。25、［誤］In叫waytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［正］Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［析］譯文為：在去車(chē)站的路上我買(mǎi)了份報(bào)紙，為的是消磨時(shí)光 ||在??…的路上”應(yīng)用onone'sway。?而intheway有擋道之意，如：Pleasemovethechairitisintheway。26、［誤］Look,thedooris叩叫Maybesomeonebrokeinto.［正］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.［正］Look,thedoorisope%Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.［析］in是表達(dá)一個(gè)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，在與break連用時(shí)其后不加介詞賓語(yǔ)，而into則是動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，與break連用時(shí)要加介詞賓語(yǔ)。27、［誤］mleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.［正］HIleaveBeijingforShanghai.［正］HIleaveforShanghai.［析］leavefor是離開(kāi)某地去某處的固定搭配， 不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：startfor動(dòng)身前往某處， setoutfor,sailfor。28、［誤］rmsorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.［正］Pmsorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.［析］getin,與getout是兩個(gè)相反的詞組。 getin為上車(chē)，而getout為下車(chē)，但語(yǔ)法家認(rèn)為這里的in與out為副詞，所以其后不能接名詞， 我們可以講We'dbettergetin.或We'dbettergetout. 還有——組詞組有關(guān)上下車(chē)： geton/off（atrain,aship,astruck）getinto/outof［acactaxi...）29、［誤］BecarefulThetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegrees。陽(yáng)zero.［正］Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.［析］over與above在作為比某物高的意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。 但在垂直方向上的高矮時(shí)，即正上方時(shí)則要用 above.而泛指上方時(shí)用。丫。［30、［誤］Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.［正］Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.［析］over還有一意為"跨越，橫跨”。31、［誤］TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.［正］TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.［析］在垂直下方要用 belOW,也就是講above與below互為反意詞，over與under也是反意詞。32、［誤］ Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.［正］ Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.［析］infrontof是在物體外部的前面，而inthefrontof 是在物體內(nèi)部的前面，如：Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.33、［誤］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.［正］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.［析］across作為介詞有兩個(gè)主要意思：①橫過(guò)，如：Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②對(duì)面，如：Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平面上的橫過(guò)。如：Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.34、［誤］Thesunsetstowardthewest.［正］Thesunsetsinthewest.［析］towards也可用作toward,它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，但不一定到達(dá)，如：Herantoward(s)themountain. 而在表示方位east,west,north,south時(shí)，其前面要用in。要注意白是這4個(gè)詞可以用作副詞，如：Iwentsouth.也可用作名詞，如：Iwenttothesouth.也可用作形容詞，如： IwenttothesouthpartofChina.35、［誤］Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose?［正］Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose?［析］beside是"在 旁邊"，如：Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是"除之外，不僅 而且 ,除了 以外還有 ",如：IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except則是從同一類(lèi)物體中去掉某一部分，如：IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同種類(lèi)的事物，如：Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat貝U要力口從句。36、［誤］CanIwritetheexampaperwithink?［正］CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen?［正］CanIwritetheexampaperinink?37、［誤］rmearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.［正］Pmearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.［析］在交通工具前加介詞 by,但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。bytaxi=inataxibytrain=inatrainbybicycle=onabicyclebyship=onashipbyboat=inaboatbybus=onabusbyplane=onaplanebyair空運(yùn)byland陸運(yùn)bysea海運(yùn)onfootonhorsebackbyphonebyletterbyradiobyairmailbyhand38、［誤］ AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.［正］ AlotofFrenchwines眠madefromgrape.［析］madeof是指由原材料到成品過(guò)程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from,如：Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.39、［誤］ ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.［正］ ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.［析］關(guān)于某方面的書(shū)籍、報(bào)告等有兩個(gè)介詞，其中on表示某專(zhuān)業(yè)用書(shū)，about則為某方面的普通讀物，如： Thisisabookaboutphysics. 即物理科普知識(shí)。40、［誤］ Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.［正］ Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.［析］keytothedoor門(mén)的鑰匙。相同用法還有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth. 千萬(wàn)不要用of。41、［誤］TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.［正］Today日l(shuí)otofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.［析］haveinterestin是在某方面有興趣。42、［誤］Ididn't由myhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.［正］Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangryWithHIU,［析］beangrywith其后接人，而beangryat其后接事。如：Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.43、［誤］Hewasgoodforskating.［正］Hewasgoodatskating.［析］begoodat為"擅長(zhǎng)某事"，而begoodforsomebody為對(duì)某人很好。44、［誤］Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.［正］Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.［析］這句話應(yīng)譯為：你真太好了，幫助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是對(duì)某人態(tài)度好。如： Hermotherisgoodtoever/one.45、［誤］Myparentswereverypleasedatme.［正］Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.［正］Myparentswereve「VP^Sed凱呻Studying.［析］bepleasedwith后力口somebody,而bepleasedat后力口something。46、［誤］HeISagreewithme.［正］Heagreeswithme.47、［誤］Heagainstsme.［正］Heisagainstme.［析］同意agree為動(dòng)詞，而反對(duì)against則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。48、［誤］Ihaven't刖letters什ojhim.［正］Ihaven'theardfromhim.［析］hearfrom即為：從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter了。49、［誤］Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend?［正］TeacherMayIcallonyouthisweekend?［析］作為"拜訪"講callat其后接地點(diǎn)，如：MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?而callon其后接人。50、［誤］Doyouknowthegirlonwhite?［正］Doyouknowthegirlinwhite?［析］inwhite為穿一身白。與in有關(guān)的詞組有：inbed（睡覺(jué)），inhospital（住院），inahurry（匆匆忙忙）,indanger（危險(xiǎn)中）,injoy（高興）,ingoodhealth身體好）,inlove（戀愛(ài)）,introuble（困境），與之相反的是outof,如：outoftrouble（擺脫困境）,outofdate（過(guò)時(shí)了）,outoforder（出故障）51、［誤］Helookedatmeatsurprise.［正］Helookedatmeinsurprise.［析］surprise的用法——般有三種。①用于句首，Toone'ssurprise,如：Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如：Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.52、［誤］Shedidntcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.［正］Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.［析］becauseof后接名詞，如：ThegamewasputoffbecauseQftherain.（三）例題解析-ThankyouthebedUtlflllflOWB『S!-Notatall.AinBonCatDfor［答案】D,［析］由于某事向某人道謝應(yīng)用 for。CanyouanswerthisquestionEnglish?AbyBinCwithDfrom［答案】B.［析］in表示用語(yǔ)言、聲音、或材料，如：Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.LookthemapChinathewallfplease.Aaftet;優(yōu)inBatfof,inCaftet;nonDat;of;on［答案】D,［析］lookat為"看"，而onthewall為"在墻表面掛著",而inthewall則是"在墻內(nèi)"，如：Thereisholeinthewall.墻上有個(gè)洞。-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon?-HearrivedtheretheeveningofDecember6th.AatBinConDto［答案】C.［析］intheevening/afternoon 這兩個(gè)詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應(yīng)將介詞換為on,如：onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmileourteacher'sf3C6.AoffBnearConDbetween［答案】C.Thetwinsgot0nwelltheirclassmates.AtoBinCwithDabout［答案］C.［析］getonwellwith與人相處很好。-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-Isee.I'llcomeSaturdayeveni叫AinBatConDfor【答案】CLet'shurry,orwe'llbelateSChOOlAtoBatCwithDfor［答案】D.［析］belatefor,而comelateto,如：DonrtcomelatetoschoolTheywillhaveamathstesttwodaysAforBatCinDafter［答案1C［析］三天之內(nèi)應(yīng)用in,而不要受中文影響用after,afterthreedays是個(gè)不定的時(shí)間范圍，即沒(méi)有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。 5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。MybrotherjoinedthearmyA 1989,MarchB inMarch,1989C March,1989D 1989,inMa「ch［答案］B,［析］ 在月份、年、前用介詞in,而日子前用on。Hecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblem/OUThelpAwithoutBunderCforDwith［答案】A,［析］在某人幫助下應(yīng)用with,如：WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily而要是沒(méi)有你的幫助則用 withoutyourhelpGrannytookonelookatusheTglclSSCSAbyBthroughConDin［答案］B,［析］through為穿過(guò) 。Wehadourbreakfastaquarter5取即A/,toBin,toC at,toDon,to【答案】C［析］ 具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前用at,而差幾分幾點(diǎn)用to,這里應(yīng)譯為：我在差一刻七點(diǎn)吃的早飯。IlearnFrenchtheradioeverydayAonBinCfromDat［答案】A,［析］ 從收音機(jī)中聽(tīng)到某事應(yīng)用詞組 ontheradio。It'sgoodmannerstowaitliPB

AinBonCatDAinBonCatDwith［答案］A,［析］inline為排隊(duì)。HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearntlastterm?A bytheendofB attheendofC totheendofD tilltheendof［答案】A,［析］bytheendof為動(dòng)作的截止時(shí)間，與完成時(shí)態(tài)相配合ThemanagerwasverysatisfiedhisworkAinBonCaboutDwith［答案］D.［析］besatisfiedwith 為固定搭配。18JohnhitJackf3￡gAontheBintheConhisD所his［答案］B.［析］英文中的某些動(dòng)詞其后要接人， 然后加介詞+the+身體部位，如：Hecaughttheboybythearm。19IwasbornthenightSeptember15,1978Ain,OnBat,onCat,inDon,of［答案】D.［析］ 在時(shí)間前加介詞時(shí)應(yīng)以最小的時(shí)間單位為準(zhǔn)。20It'sabadmannertolaughpeoplewhentheyaretroubleAover,inBat,［口Cin,dtDat,for［答案］B,［析］laughat嘲笑某人，laughover笑著談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰呈拢?introuble陷入困境。21Ican'tdothisworkwellTom'shelpAunderBforCwithoutDfrom［答案】C.22Don'tshouttheoldwoman。YoushouldbemorepoliteherAto,dtBat,tOCin,forDfrom,forII［答案】B.II［析］shoutat為"沖某人喊叫"，而bepolitetosomebody 為"對(duì)某人和氣。23Wemustbestrictourselveseverythingwwith,inBin,WithCwith,tODto,of［答案】A,［析］bestrictwith對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求。24Hewenttothefootballmatchlunchlc3StSunday

btoBwithoutCbehindDbetween［答案］B,［析］withoutlunch未吃午飯。25Thepeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded1949AwithBonCsinceD所［答案】D.［析］在年代前用in。因句子是過(guò)去時(shí)而不是完成時(shí)，所以不能用 since。MrBlackgottoHangzhoudfewdciySAinBafterConDat［答案］B,［析］這句話應(yīng)譯為：幾