2018年6月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題及答案詳解

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！PartIWriting(30minutes)thispartallowedminutestowriteDirections:aontheofabilitytodevelopit.writeleastno【參考范文】Nobodycoulddenythatwritingisoneofthebasicabilitiesformen.Putitanotherway,itisunlikelytoimaginehumancivilizationwithoutwritingability.Atthetopofthelist,ifweoverlookthesignificanceofwritingability,wewillsufferagreatdifficultyinourdailywrittencommunication.Inadditiontowhathasbeenmentionedabove,itisadvisableforustoattachimportancetothisabilitybecausewritingplaysakeyinouracademicperformance.Tosummarize,writingdoescarryapositiveimplicationforourlifeandstudy.Inviewofthegreatvalueofwritingability,weshouldtakeactionstodevelopthiscapability.Formypart,initially,wearesupposedtokeepinmindthatreadingisthefirststepofwriting,soweshouldreadgreatbooksasmanyaspossible,learningfromthegreatworkshowtowriteconciselyandeffectively.Moreover,owingtothefactthatpracticemakesperfect,weshouldfrequentlypracticewriting;forexample,wemaydevelopthehabitofkeepingadiary.SectionAthissection,willDirections:endwillquestionswillonlyaquestion,choicesmarkedletternSheetwithasinglelinecentre.Questionsland2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.SectionBthissection,willlongDirections:endwillquestionswillonlyaquestion,choicesmarkeletter1withasinglelinecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.SectionCthissection,willDirections:endwillquestionswillonlyaquestion,choicesandletter1withasinglelinecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.【參考答案】暫缺SectionAthissection,isawithtenDirections:requiredtoselectblankalistchoicesgiveninafollowingcarefullymakingchoiceinisidentifiedaletter.letteritem2withasinglelinecentre.YouinonceSincethe1940s,southernCaliforniahashadareputationforsmog.Thingsarenotasbadastheyoncewerebut,accordingtotheAmericanLungAssociation,LosAngelesisstilltheworstcityintheUnitedStatesforlevelsof26.GazingdownonthecityfromtheGettyCenter,anartmuseumintheSantaMonicaMountains,onewouldfindtheviewofthePacificOceanblurredbythehaze(霾).Noristhestate’shadair27toitssouth.Fresno,inthecentralvalley,comestopofthelistinAmericaforyear-roundpollution.Residents’heartsandlungsareaffectedasa28.Allofwhich,combinedwithCalifornia’sreputationasthehomeoftechnological29,makestheplaceidealfordevelopingandtestingsystemsdesignedtomonitorpollutionin30.AndthatisjustwhatAclima,anewfirminSanFrancisco,hasbeendoingoverthepastfewmonths.Ithasbeentryingoutmonitoringthatare31toyieldminute-to-minutemapsof32airpollution.Suchstationswillalsobeabletokeepaneyeonwhatishappeninginsidebuildings,includingoffices.Tothisend,Aclimahasbeen33withGoogle’sStreetViewsystem.DavidaHerzl,Aclima’sboss,saystheyhaverevealedpollutionhighsondayswhenSanFrancisco’stransitworkerswentonstrikeandthecity’s34wereforcedtousetheircars.Conversely,“cycletowork”dayshavedonetheirjobby35pollutionlows.A.B.C.D.assistedcollaboratingconsequenceconsumersE.F.creatingdetailG.H.I.domesticfrequentlyinhabitantsinnovationintendedoutdoorpollutantsrestrictedSumJ.K.L.M.N.O.【參考答案】.......Mpollutants.Nrestricted.Cconsequence.Jinnovation.Fdetail.Kintended.Loutdoor.35.Ecreating.26.Mpollutants.前邊是levels級(jí)別，等級(jí)的意思，of后應(yīng)該是名詞形式，翻譯為_____的級(jí)別，根據(jù)文章首句說南加利福尼亞的霧霾是出了名的差可判斷這篇文章關(guān)于壞境。26空這一句說在美國，洛杉磯____的級(jí)別方面是最差的城市，名詞又跟環(huán)境污染有關(guān)的就是M選項(xiàng)pollutants污染物。27.Nrestricted.解析：倒裝句，正常語序應(yīng)該是thestate’sbadairisnot____toitssouth.意思既相符，又符合這個(gè)搭配的只能是restricted，berestrictedto僅限于。28.Cconsequence.解析：本空在a后邊一定是名詞，asaconsequence29.Jinnovation.ofAofB的結(jié)構(gòu)，因此空格應(yīng)該是名詞。跟在technological技術(shù)的后邊，并且后文又說designed設(shè)計(jì)監(jiān)視器，可推斷這里應(yīng)該是技術(shù)創(chuàng)新聞名的地方，因此才能設(shè)計(jì)出來一些機(jī)器。30.Fdetail.解析：本句是一個(gè)完整句說明不缺成分，那么空格的地方應(yīng)該是狀語部分，跟在in后邊detail可形成固定搭配，indetail詳細(xì)的。31.Kintended.解析：be___to因此這個(gè)地方應(yīng)該是動(dòng)詞ing或者動(dòng)詞過去intendedintendedto打算做某事，意圖做某事。32.Loutdoor.解析：空格前邊of后邊名詞此處缺一個(gè)形容詞，前邊說這個(gè)檢測器目的是監(jiān)測出____的環(huán)境污染，符合意思的是outdoor戶外的環(huán)境污染情況。33.Bcollaborating.解析：位于hasbeen__with后邊此處應(yīng)該是動(dòng)詞ing或動(dòng)詞過去分詞，只剩下了collaborating和creating,collaborating是可以和with搭配的，意為與...合作，符合題意。34.Iinhabitants.解析：跟在前邊應(yīng)該是人類，表達(dá)人類的選項(xiàng)是consumers和inhabitants，但是這篇文章并沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)消費(fèi)者，所以根據(jù)整篇文章的北京應(yīng)該是說城市的居民們。35.Ecreating.解析：在剩下的六個(gè)選項(xiàng)里Aassisted含義不符合Dconsequence詞性不符合Gdomestic含義不符合Hfrequently詞性不符合Osum詞性不符合，符合形式以及含義的只有creating。SectionBthissection,goingtoaDirections:withtentocontainsinformationgiveninIdentifyinformationisaiswithaletter.questionsmarkingletter【參考答案】36-40KDMGB41-45LHFJCSectionC2inthissection.Directions:isfollowedquestionsunfinishedchoices,decidechoiceletter2withasinglelinecentre.Livinginanurbanareawithgreenspaceshasalong-lastingpositiveimpactonpeople'smentalwell-being,astudyhassuggested.UKresearchersfoundmovingtoagreenspacehadasustainedpositiveeffect,unlikepayrisesorpromotions,whichonlyprovidedashort-termboost.Co-authorMathewWhite,fromtheEuropeanCentreforEnvironmentandHumanHealthattheUniversityofExeter,UK,explainedthatthestudyshowedpeoplelivingingreenerurbanareasweredisplayingfewersignsofdepressionoranxiety."Therecouldbeanumberofreasons,”hesaid,“forexample,peopledomanythingstomakethemselveshappier:theystriveforpromotionorpayrises,ortheygetmarried.Butthetroublewithallthosethingsisthatwithinsixmonthstoayear,peoplearebacktotheiroriginalbaselinelevelsofwell-being.So,thesethingsarenotsustainable;theydon’tmakeushappyinthelongterm.Wefoundthatforsomelotterywinnerswhohadwonmorethan￡500,000thepositiveeffectwasdefinitelythere,butaftersixmonthstoayear,theywerebacktothebaseline."Dr.Whitesaidhisteamwantedtoseewhetherlivingingreenerurbanareashadalastingpositiveeffectonpeople'ssenseofwell-beingorwhethertheeffectalsodisappearedafteraperiodoftime.Todothis,theteamuseddatafromtheBritishHouseholdPanelSurveycompiledbytheUniversityofEssex.Explainingwhatthedatarevealed,hesaid:"Whatyouseeisthatevenafterthreeyears,mentalhealthisstillbetter,whichisunlikemanyoftheotherthingsthatwethinkwillmakeushappy."Heobservedthatpeoplelivingingreenspaceswerelessstressed,andlessstressedpeoplemademoresensibledecisionsandcommunicatedbetter.Withagrowingbodyofevidenceestablishingalinkbetweenurbangreenspacesandapositiveimpactonhumanwell-being,Dr.Whitesaid,growinginterestamongpublicpolicyofficials,butthetroubleiswhofundsit.Whatwereallyneedatapolicylevelistodecidewherethemoneywillcomefromtohelpsupportgoodqualitylocalgreenspaces.”46.Accordingtoonestudy,whatdogreenspacesdotopeople?A)Improvetheirworkefficiency.B)Addtotheirsustainedhappiness.C)Helpthembuildapositiveattitudetowardslife.D)Lessentheirconcernsaboutmaterialwell-being.47.WhatdoesDr.Whitesaypeopleusuallydotomakethemselveshappier?48.WhatdoesDr.Whitetrytofindoutaboutlivinginagreenerurbanarea?A)Howitaffectsdifferentpeople.C)Howlongitspositiveeffectlasts.49.WhatdidDr.Whiteresearchrevealaboutpeoplelivinginagreenenvironment?A)Theirstresswasmoreapparentthanreal.B)Theirdecisionsrequiredlessdeliberation.C)Theirmemoriesweregreatlystrengthened.D)Theircommunicationwithothersimproved.50.AccordingtoDr.White,whatshouldthegovernmentdotobuildmoregreenspacesincities?C)Involvelocalresidentsintheeffort.D)Raisepublicawarenessoftheissue.【篇章分析】查為主，題干定位信息明確，做題難度在中等偏下水平?！緟⒖即鸢浮?6BAddtotheirsustainedhappiness.47AEarnmoremoney.48CHowlongitspositiveeffectlasts.49DTheircommunicationwithothersimproved.50AFindfinancialsupport.【答案解析】46.根據(jù)題干中的定位名詞study和greenspaces回文快速定位到文章中的第一段，根據(jù)第一段的信息可得出UKresearchersfoundmovingtoagreenspacehadasustainedpositiveeffect（英國研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)搬到綠色小區(qū)可以帶來持久的積極影響）。以及“peoplelivingingreenerurbanareasweredisplayingfewersignsofdepressionoranxiety（生活在綠色小區(qū)的人們較B（Addtotheirsustainedhappiness）。47.本題根據(jù)題干定位詞Dr.White及usuallydo定位到本篇文章中的第一段"Therecouldbeanumberofhesaid,“forexample,peopledomanythingstomakethemselveshappier:theystriveforpromotionorpayrises,ortheygetmarried.處，根據(jù)本句信息，可推出人們通常讓自己快樂的事是掙更多的錢，因此本題的正確選項(xiàng)為A（Earnmoremoney.）。48.由第一段可知“升值、加薪、中彩票只會(huì)給人們帶來短期的快樂，這種快樂在過了六個(gè)月到一年后就會(huì)消失”，第二段首句“Dr.Whitesaidhisteamwantedtoseewhetherlivingingreenerurbanareashadalastingpositiveeffectonpeople'ssenseofwell-beingorwhethertheeffectalsodisappearedafteraperiodofDr.White的研確選項(xiàng)為C選項(xiàng)（Howlongitspositiveeffectlasts.）。49.observedthatpeoplelivingingreenspaceswerelessstressed,andlessstressedpeoplemademoresensibledecisionsandcommunicated由最后的communicatebetter可以得出本題的正確選項(xiàng)為D（Theircommunicationwithothersimproved.）。50.根據(jù)本題題干給出的信息，根據(jù)定位詞Dr.White和government，可定最后一句話“whatwereallyneedatapolicylevelistodecidewherethemoneyisgoingtocomefromtohelpsupportgoodqualitylocalgreenspaces.”可得出本題的正確選項(xiàng)為A（Findfinancialsupport.）。Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.YouprobablyknowabouttheTitanic,butitwasactuallyjustoneof最先進(jìn)的)oceanshipsbackintheday.Thestate-of-the-artOlympicclassshipswerebuiltbytheHarland&WolffshipmakersinNorthernIrelandfortheWhiteStarLinecompany.TheOlympicclassincludedtheOlympic,theBritannicandtheTitanic,WhatyoumaynotknowisthattheTitanicwasn’teventheflagshipofthisclass.Allinall,theOlympicclassshipsweremarvelsofseaengineering,buttheyseemedcursedtosufferdisastrousfates.TheOlympiclaunchedfirstin1910,followedbytheTitanicin1911,andlastlytheBritannicin1914.Theshipshadninedecks,andWhitsStarLinedecidedtofocusonmakingthemthemostluxuriousshipsonthewater.Stretching269.13meters,theOlympicclassshipswerewondersofnavaltechnology,andeveryonethoughtthattheywouldcontinuetobesoforquitesometime.However,allsufferedterribleaccidentsontheopenseas,TheOlympicgotwreckedbeforetheTitanicdid,butitwastheonlyonetosurviveandmaintainasuccessfulcareerof24years.TheTitanicwasthefirsttosinkafterfamouslyhittingahugeicebergin1912.Followingthisdisaster,theBritannichitanavalminein1916andsubsequentlysankaswell.Eachshipwascoal-poweredbyseveralboilersconstantlykeptrunningbyexhaustedcrewsbelowdeck.Mostrecognizableoftheshipdesignsarethesmokestacks,butthefourthstackwasactuallyjustartisticinnatureandservednofunctionalpurpose.Whiletwooftheseshipssank,theywerealldesignedwithdouble（船體）believedtomakeperhapsamistakenideathatledtotheandtheBritannic’stragicend.TheOlympicsufferedtwocrasheswithothershipsandwentontoserveasahospitalshipandtrooptransportinWorldWarⅠ.Eventually,shewastakenoutofservicein1935,endingtheeraoftheluxuriousOlympicclassoceanliners.51.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthethreeOlympicclassships?A)Theyperformedmarvelouslyonthesea.B)Theycouldallbreaktheiceintheirway.C)Theyallexperiencedterriblemisfortunes.D)Theyweremodelsofmodernengineering.52.WhatdidWhiteStarLinehaveinmindwhenitpurchasedthethreeships?A)Theircapacityofsailingacrossallwaters.B)Theutmostcomfortpassengerscouldenjoy.C)Theirabilitytosurvivedisastersofanykind.D)Thelongvoyagestheywereabletoundertake.53.Whatissaidaboutthefourthstackoftheships?A)Itwasamerepieceofdecoration.B)Itwastheworkofafamousartist.A)Theirunscientificdesigns.B)Theircaptains’misjudgment.C)Theassumptionthattheywerebuiltwiththelatesttechnology.D)Thebeliefthattheycouldneversinkwithadouble-layerbody.55.WhathappenedtotheshipOlympicintheend?A)Shewasusedtocarrytroops.B)Shewasconvertedintoahospitalship.C)ShewassunkinWorldWarⅠ.D)Shewasretiredafterhernavalservice.【參考答案】46-50BACDA51-55CBADD參考答案：51.CTheyallexperiencedterriblemisfortunes.52.BTheutmostcomfortpassengerscouldenjoy.53.AItwasamerepieceofdecoration.54.DThebeliefthattheycouldneversinkwithadouble-layerbody.55.DShewasretiredafterhernavalservice.答案解析：51.奧林匹克艦是海洋工程的奇跡，但是他們似乎都被詛咒要遭受災(zāi)難的命運(yùn)?？梢缘贸鯟選項(xiàng)Theyallexperiencedterriblemisfortunes.他們都經(jīng)歷了可怕的不幸，是正確答案。52.華舒適的船?？梢缘贸鯞選項(xiàng)Theutmostcomfortpassengerscouldenjoy.乘客能夠享受到最舒適的感覺，是正確選項(xiàng)。53.解析：根據(jù)原文第四段的說法，第四個(gè)煙囪事實(shí)上只是藝術(shù)，沒有功能，可以得出A選項(xiàng)Itwasamerepieceofdecoration.它只是一個(gè)裝飾，是正確選項(xiàng)。54.悲慘的結(jié)局?？梢缘贸鯠選項(xiàng)Thebeliefthattheycouldneversinkwithadouble-layerbody.因?yàn)橛须p層船體，所以它們絕不會(huì)沉沒的想法，是正確選項(xiàng)。55.第一次世界大戰(zhàn)中，成為了醫(yī)務(wù)船并運(yùn)輸軍隊(duì)。最終她在1935年退役?？梢缘贸鯠選項(xiàng)Shewasretiredafterhernavalservice.她在海軍服役之后退役是正確選項(xiàng)。AletterwrittenbyCharlesDarwinin1875hasbeenreturnedtotheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives（檔案館）bytheFBIafterbeingstolentwice.“Werealizedinthemid-1970sthatitwassaysEffieKapsalis,headoftheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives.“Itwasnotedasmissingandlikelytakenbyanintern,fromwhattheFBIistellingus.Wordgotoutthatitwasmissingwhensomeoneaskedtoseetheletterforresearchandtheinternputtheletterinternlikelytooktheletteragainoncenobodywaswatchingit.”Decadespassed.FinallytheFBIreceivedatipthatthestolendocumentwaslocatedveryclosetoWashington,D.C.Theirartcrimeteamrecoveredtheletterbutwereunabletopresschargesbecausethetimeoflimitationshadended.TheFBIworkedcloselywiththeArchivestodeterminethattheletterwasbothauthenticanddefinitelysproperty.TheletterwaswrittenbyDarwintothankanAmericangeologist,Dr.FerdinandVandeveerHayden,forsendinghimcopiesofhisresearchintothegeologyoftheregionthatwouldbecomeYellowstoneNationalPark.Theletterisinfairlygoodcondition,inspiteofbeingoutofthecareoftrainedmuseumstaffforsolong.“Itwasluckilyingoodshape,”saysKapsalis,“andwejusthavetodosomeminorthingsinordertobeabletounfoldit.Ithassomeglueonitthathascoloreditslightly,butnothingthatwillpreventusfromusingit.Afteritisrepaired,wewilltakedigitalphotosofitandthatwillbeavailableonline.Oneofourgoalsistogetitemsofhighresearchvalueorinteresttothepubliconline.”Itwouldnowbedifficultforanintern,visitororathieftostealadocumentlikethis.“Archivingpracticeshavechangedgreatlysincethe1970s,”saysKapsalis.“andwekeepourhighvaluedocumentsinasafethatIdon’tevenhaveaccessto.”51.WhathappenedtoDarwin’sletterinthe1970s?A.ItwasrecoveredbytheFBI.B.Itwasstolenmorethanonce.C.Itwasputinthearchivesforresearchpurposes.D.ItwaspurchasedbytheSmithsonianArchives.52.WhatdidtheFBIdoaftertherecoveryoftheletter?A.Theyproveditsauthenticity.B.Theykeptitinaspecialsafe.C.Theyarrestedthesuspectimmediately.D.Theypressedcriminalchargesinvain.53.WhatisDarwin’sletterabout?A.TheevolutionofYellowstoneNationalPark.B.HiscooperationwithanAmericangeologist.C.Somegeologicalevidencesupportinghistheory.D.Hisacknowledgementofhelpfromaprofessional.54.WhatwilltheSmithsonianInstitutionArchivesdowiththeletteraccordingtoKapsalis?A.Reserveitforresearchpurposesonly.B.Turnitintoanobjectofhighinterest.C.Keepitapermanentsecret.D.Makeitavailableonline.55.WhathasthepasthalfcenturywitnessedaccordingtoKapsalis?A.Growinginterestinrareartobjects.B.Radicalchangesinarchivingpractices.C.Recoveryofvariousmissingdocuments.D.Increasesinthevalueofmuseumexhibits.51.B.Itwasstolenmorethanonce.根據(jù)文章第一段beingstolentwice可以得知Darwin的信件被偷了一次以上。52.D.Theypressedcriminalchargesinvain.根據(jù)第三段第二句“Theirartcrimeteamrecoveredtheletterbutwereunabletopresschargesbecausethetimeoflimitationshadended.”意思是由于超過了時(shí)間限制，invain意思是無效選項(xiàng)意思是FBI起訴犯罪團(tuán)伙無效符合題意。53.D.Hisacknowledgementofhelpfromaprofessional.根據(jù)第四段可以得知Darwin寫這封信為了感謝地理學(xué)家提供給他一些相關(guān)地理方面的材料，D選項(xiàng)acknowledgement意思是感謝，他感謝來自專業(yè)人士的幫助，符合文章意思54.D.Makeitavailableonline.根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句”Afteritisrepaired,wewilltakedigitalphotosofitandthatwillbeavailableonline.”意思是資料修復(fù)之后，我們將會(huì)拍一些照片放在網(wǎng)上。選項(xiàng)意思與此句完全符合55.B.Radicalchangesinarchivingpractices.選項(xiàng)意思是在實(shí)行歸檔方面發(fā)生了根本變化，根據(jù)文章最后一段Archivingpracticeshavechangedgreatlysincethe1970s可以得知從1970年開始在實(shí)行歸檔方面發(fā)生了巨大變化。符合題意PartIVTranslation(30minutes)thisallowedminutestoDirections:translateaintoEnglish.writeonAnswerSheet2.活水平的提高，越來越多的中國人包括許多農(nóng)民和外出務(wù)工人員都能乘飛機(jī)出行。他們可以乘飛機(jī)到達(dá)所有大城市，還有許多城市也在籌建機(jī)場。航空服務(wù)不斷增加?！緟⒖甲g文】Inthepast,itwasunimaginabletotravelbyplaneformostChinese.Withthedevelopmentofeconomyandtheimprovementoflivingstandards,anincreasingnumberofChinesepeople,includingmanyfarmersandmigrantworkers,cantravelbyair.Theycanflytoallmajorcities,andwecanseelotsofcitiesarepreparingtobuildairports.Airlineserviceshavebeenimprovedconstantlyanddiscountedticketsareoftenavailable.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenanincreaseinthenumberofpeoplechoosingtotravelbyairduringtheholidays.AMessageinabottlesentouttoseabyaNewHampshiremanmorethanfivedecadesagowasfound1,500milesawayandhasbeenreturnedtohisdaughter.ThelonglostmessagewasdiscoveredbyClintBuffingtonofUtahwhilehewasvacationing.Buffingtonsayshefoundasodabottlehalfburiedinthesandthatlookedlikeithadbeentheresincethebeginningoftime.Thenoteinsidethebottlessaid,“returnto419OceanStreetandreceivearewardof$150fromRichardandTinaPierce,ownersoftheBeachcombermotel.”ThemotelwasownedbytheparentsofPaulaPiercein1960.HerfatherhadwrittenthenoteasajokeandhadthrownitintotheAtlanticOcean.BuffingtonflewtoNewHampshiretodeliverthemessagetoPaulaPierce.ShehelduptoherpromisegivingBuffingtonthatreward,butthebiggestrewardisthemessageinabottlefindingitswaybackhome.MillionsofbeeshavediedinSouthCarolinaduringaerialinsectsprayingoperationsthatwerecarriedouttocombattheZikavirus.Theinsectsprayingovertheweekendleftmorethan2millionbeesdeadonthespotinDorchesterCountySouthCarolina,wherefourtravel-relatedcasesofZikadiseasehavebeenconfirmedinthearea.Mostofthedeathscamefromflowertownbeefarm,acompanyinSummer-villethatsellsbeesandhoneyproducts,JuanitaStanleywhoownsthecompanysaidthefarmlookslikeit’sbeendestroyed,thefarmlostabout2.5millionbees.DorchesterCountyofficialsapologizedfortheaccidentalmasskillingofbees.DorchesterCountyisawarethatsomebeekeepersintheareathatwassprayedonSundaylosttheirbeecolonies.CountyManagerJasonWardsaidinastatement:notpleasedthatsomanybeeswerekilled.Q3.WhywassprayingoperationscarriedoutinDorchesterCounty.Q4.Whydoesthenewsreportssayaboutflowertownbeefarm.Theworld’slargestaircrafthastakentotheskiesforthefirsttime.TheAir-Lander10spentnearlytwohoursintheair,havingtakenofffromCardingtonairfieldinBedfordshire.Duringitsflight,itreached3000feetandperformedaseriesofgentleturnsalloverasafearea.Theaircraftismassiveaslongasafootballfieldandastallassixdoubledeckerbusesandcapableofflyingforuptofivedays.Itwasfirstdevelopedfortheasalong-rangespyaircraftbutwasabandonedfollowingbudgetcutbacks.Theaircraftcost25millionpoundsandcancarryheavierloadsthanhugejetplaneswhilealsoproducinglessnoiseandemittinglesspollution.Themakersbelievethefutureofaircraftandonedaybeusingthemtogoplaces.Butstillalongwaytogo.TheairlanderwillneedtohavetwohundredhoursflyingtimebeforebeingallowedtoflybytheAviationAdministration.Ifitpassesthoughwecanhopewe’llallgetsomeextralegroom.Q5.WhatdowelearnaboutthefirstflightoftheAir-Lander10?Q6.WhatcausedtheU.S.governmenttoabandontheAir-Lander10asaspyaircraft?Q7.WhatistheadvantageofAir-Lander10overhugejetplanes?SectionBM:Whatashame.Well,thereisafilmaboutclimatechange.Doesitsoundgoodtoyou?W:No,notreally.Itdoesn’treallyappealtome.Whatisitabout?Justclimatechange?M:Ithinkit’sabouthowclimatechangeaffectseverydaylife.Iwonderhowtheymakeitentertaining.W:Well,itsoundsreallyawful.It’sanimportantsubject,Iagree.ButI’mnotinthemoodforanythingdepressing.Whatelseison?M:There’saSpanishDanceFestival.M:Apparently,absolutelybrilliant.seewhatitsaysinthepaper,“AnnaGomezleadsinanexcitingproductionofthegreatSpanishlovestory,Carmen.”M:At7:30.Well,that’snogood.Wehaven’tgotenoughtimetogetthere.Isthereanythingelse?M:Thereisacomedyspecialon.W:Where’siton?It’sattheCityTheatre.It’sacharitycomedynightwithlotsofdifferentacts.Itlooksprettygood.Thecriticinthelocalpaperssaysit’sthefunniestthinghe’severseen.ItsayshereRogerWhiteheadisanamazinghosttoanightofforeignperformances.W:Perhapsright.OK.goseethedance.Buttomorrow,nottonight.Q9.WhydidthespeakersgiveupgoingtotheSpanishDanceFestivaltonight?Q10.WhatdoesthecriticsayaboutthecomedyperformedattheCityTheatre?W:I’mquiteanxiousabouttransferringovertoyourcollege.afraidIwon’tfitin.worry,Catherine.Icompletelynormalforyoutobenervousabouttransferringschools.Thishappenstomanytransferstudents.W:Yes,Iknow,butI’myoungerthanmostofthestudentsinmyyear.Andthatworriesmealot.M:Well,youmaybetheonlyyoungeroneinyouryear,butyouknow,wehavealotofafter-schoolactivitiesyoucanjoinin.Andso,thiswayyou’llbeabletomeetnewfriendsofdifferentagegroups.W:That’snice.Ilovegamesandhobbygroups.sureyoudo.Sobejustfine.worrysomuchandtrytomakethemostofwhatwehaveonofferhere.Also,rememberthatyoucancometomeanytimeofthedayifyouneedhelp.W:Thankssomuch.Idefinitelyfeelbetternow.Asamatteroffact,I’vealreadycontactedoneofthegirlsbelivinginthesamehouseasmeandsheseemedreallynice.IguesslivingoncampusI’llhaveachancetohaveaclosercircleoffriendssincewe’llbelivingtogether.M:Allstudentsareveryfriendlywithnewarrivals.Letmecheckwhowouldbelivingwithyouinyourflat.OK.ThereareHannah,KellyandBree.Breeisalsoanewstudentherelikeyou.msureyoutwowillhavemoretosharewitheachother.Haveyoueverfeltlikeyouwoulddojustaboutanythingtosatisfyyourhunger?Anewstudyinmicemayhelptoexplainwhyhungercanfeellikesuchapowerfulmotivatingforce.Inthestudy,researchersfoundthathungeroutweighedotherphysicaldrivesincludingfear,thirstandsocialneedstodeterminewhichfeelingwonout.Theresearchersdidaseriesofexperiments.Inoneexperiment,themicewerebothhungryandthirsty.Whengiventhechoiceofeithereatingfoodordrinkingwater,themicewentforthefoodtheresearchersfound.However,whenthemicewerewell-fedbutthirstytheyoptedtodrinkaccordingtothestudy.Thesecondexperimentmeanttopitthehungeragainsttheirfear.HungrymicewereplacedinacagethathadcertainFoxcenteredareasandotherplacesthatsmelledsafer.Inotherwords,notlikeananimalthatcouldeatthembutalsohadfood.Itturnedoutthatwhenthemicewerehungrytheyventuredintotheunsafeareasforfood.Butwhenthemicewerewell-fedtheystayedinareasofthecagethatwereconsideredsafe.Hungeralsooutweighedthemice’ssocialneeds,theresearchersfound.Miceareusuallysocialanimalsandprefertobeinthecompanyofothermiceaccordingtothestudy.Whenthemicewerehungrytheyoptedtoleavethecompanyofothermicetogogetfood.Q16.Whatistheresearchers’purposeincarryingouttheSu’sexperimentswithmice?TheUnitedStateshasoneofthebesthighwaysystemsintheworld.Interstatehighwaysconnectjustabouteverylargeandmid-sizedcityinthecountry.Didyoueverwonderwhysuchacompletesystemofexcellentroadsexists?Forananswer,youwouldhavetogobacktotheearly1920s.InthoseyearsjustafterWorldWarI,themilitarywantedtobuildanAmericanhighwaysystemfornationaldefense.Suchasystemcouldifnecessarymovetroopsquicklyfromoneareatoanother.Itcouldalsogetpeopleoutofcitiesindangerofbeingbombed,so-calledroadsofnationalimportanceweredesignated,buttheyweremostlysmallcountryroads.In1944Congresspassedabilltoupgradethesystembutdidnotfundtheplanrightaway.Inthe1950s,theplanbegantobecomeareality.Over25billiondollarswasappropriatedbyCongressandconstructionbeganonabout40,000milesofnewroads.Theideawastoconnectthenewsystemtoexistingexpresswaysandfreeways.Andthoughthesystemwasbuiltmostlytomakecartraveleasier,defensewasnotforgotten.Forinstance,highwayoverpasseshadtobehighenoughtoallowtrailerscarryingmilitarymissilestopassunderthem.By1974,thissystemwasmostlycompletedafewadditionalroadswouldcomelater.Quickandeasytravelbetweenallpartsofthecountrywasnowpossible.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Q19.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheAmericanhighwaysystem?Q20.Whatwastheoriginalpurposeofbuildingahighwaysystem?Q21.Whenwastheinterstatehighwaysystemmostlycompleted?PassageThreeTextingwhiledrivingwaslistedasamajorcauseofroaddeathsamongyoungAmericansbackin2013.Arecentstudysaidthat40percentofAmericanteensclaimedtohavebeeninacarwhenthedriverusedacellphoneinawaythatputpeopleindanger.Thissoundslikeawidespreaddiseasebutit’sonethattechnologymaynowhelptocure.T.J.Evert,a20-year-oldinventor,hascomeupwithanovelsolutionthatcouldeasilyputtextingdriversonnotice.calledSmartWheelanddesignedtofitoverthesteeringwheelofmoststandardvehiclestotrackwhetherornotthedriverhastwohandsonthewheelatalltimes.Evert’sinventionwarnsthedriverswithalightandasoundwhentheyholdthewheelwithonehandonly.Butassoonastheyplacetheotherhandbackonthewheelthelightturn