考研英語(二)真題及答案

#/202012年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試 英語（二）試卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGI.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat'snothowitneedtobe.Tothemenandwomenwho1inWorldWarnandthepeopletheyliberated,theGIwasthe2mangrownintohero,thepoorfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3alltheburdensofbattles,whosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.Thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5anaverageguyup6thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesincenturies.Hisnameisn'tmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation 7GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticles8tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9ittothetop.JoeBlow,JoePalooka,JoeMagrac--aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas10hadapresidentorvice-presidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.GI.Joehada11careerfightingGerman,Japanese,andKoreantroops.Heappearsasacharacterora12ofAmericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofGI.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentEmiePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPoly13portrayedthemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe14sideofthewar,writingaboutthedirt-snow-and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere15orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated.Hisreports16the“Willie"cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bothmen17thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the18ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,GI.JoewasAmericansoldiers,20themostimportantpersonintheirlives.1.[A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[D]betrayed

2.[A]actual2.[A]actual3.[A]bore[B]caused[C]removed[D]loaded4.[A]necessities[B]facilities4.[A]necessities[B]facilities[C]commodities[D]properties5.[A]and[B]nor5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[D]hence6.[A]for[B]into6.[A]for[B]into[C]from[D]against7.7.[A]meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[D]claiming8.[A]handedout[B]turnedover8.[A]handedout[B]turnedover[C]broughtback[D]passeddown[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither[A]pushed[B]got[C]made[D]managed[A]ever[B]never[C]either[D]neither[A]disguised[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted[A]disguised[B]disturbed[C]disputed[D]distinguished[A]company[B]collection[C]community[D]colony[A]employed[B]appointed[C]interviewed[D]questioned[A]ethical[B]military[C]political[D]human[A]ruined[B]commuted[C]patrolled[D]gained[A]paralleled[B]counteracted[C]duplicated[D]contradicted17.[A]neglected17.[A]neglected[B]avoided[C]emphasized[D]admired[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advances[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond[A]onthecontrarybythismeansfromtheoutsetatthat[A]stages[B]illusions[C]fragments[D]advances[A]With[B]To[C]Among[D]Beyond[A]onthecontrarybythismeansfromtheoutsetatthatpointSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentlyyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonthiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent’sacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotcompleteontheirownorthattheycannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapartofschooling 。teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeverylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthetestsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstudents’academicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifshouldaccountforasignificantportionofthegrade.Meanwhile,thispolicydoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsreceiveismeaningfulorappropriatetotheirageandthesubject,orthatteachersarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheshoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettingeducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.Itisimpliedinparagraph1thatnowadayshomework .[A]isreceivingmorecriticism[B]isnolongeraneducationalritual[C]isnotrequiredforadvancedcourses[D]isgainingmorepreferencesL.A.Unifiedhasmadetheruleabouthomeworkmainlybecausepoorstudents .[A]tendtohavemoderateexpectationsfortheireducation[B]haveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandard[C]mayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomework[D]havevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomeworkAccordingtoParagraph3 ’oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay .[A]discouragestudentsfromdoinghomework[B]resultinstudents’indifferencetotheirreportcar ds[C]underminetheauthorityofstatetests[D]restrictteachers'powerineducationAsmentionedinParagraph4akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkis.itshouldbeeliminateditcountsmuchinschoolingitplacesextraburdensonteachersitisimportantforgradesAsuitabletitleforthistextcouldbe.wrongInterpretationsofanEducationalPolicyAWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudentsThornyQuestionsaboutHomeworkAFaultyApproachtoHomeworkText2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls'lives.Itisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirls'identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls'livesandinterests.Girls'attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti, anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-coded atalluntiltheearly20thcentury,intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What'smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolizedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren ’smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren’sbehavior:wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularizedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounseleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkids’clothes.Itwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshoppers’termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences-orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.ever-tiniercategories26.Bysaying"itis…therainbow”(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink[A]shouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood[B]shouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls’innocence[C]cannotexplaingirls’lackofimagination[D]cannotinfluencegirls’livesandinterestsAccordingtoparagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?Coloursareencodedingirls’DNA.Blueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.Pinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.Whiteispreferredbybabies.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren ’spsychologicaldevelopmentwasmuchinfluencedby .[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren’snature[C]researchesintochildren’sbehaviour[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumptionWemaylearnfromparagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto .[A]focusoninfantwearandolderkids’clothes[B]attachequalimportancetodifferentgenders[C]classifyconsumersintosmallergroups[D]createsomecommonshoppers’termsItcanbeconcludedthatgirls’attractiontopinkseemstobe .[A]clearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency[B]fullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers[C]mainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmen[D]wellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsText3In2010,afederaljudgeshookAmerica'sbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswerepatented.ButinMarch2012ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO),atradegroup,assuredmembersthatthiswasjustaapreliminarystep“inalongerbattleOnJuly29ththeywererelieved,atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision,rulingthatMuriadGeneticscouldindeedholdpatentstotwogenesthathelpforecastawomansriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMytiad,acompanyinUtah,saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine,thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotover.Criticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents:ageneisaproductofnature,soitmaynotbepatented。genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit。andpatentsmonopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriadsAgrowingnumberseemtoagree.Lastyearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforpatentsrelatedtogenetictests.InOctobertheDepartmentofJusticefiledabriefintheMyriadcase,arguingthatanisolatedDNAmolecule“isnolessaproductofnature???thanarecottonfibresthathavebeenseparatedfromcottonseeds.”Despitetheappealscourt'sdecision,bigquestionsre mainunanswered.Forexample,itisunclearwhetherthesequencingofawholegenomeviolatesthepatentsofindividualgeneswithinit.ThecasemayyetreachtheSupremeCourt.Astheindustryadvances,however,othersuitsmayhaveanevengreaterimpact.CompaniesareunlikelytofilemanymorepatentsforhumanDNAmolecules-mostareunlikelypatentedorinthepublicdomain.Firmsarenowstudyinghowgenesinteract,lookingforcorrelationsthatmightbeusedtodeterminethecausesofdiseaseorpredictadrug'sefficacy.Companiesareeagertowinpatentsforaconnectingthedots,"explainsHansSauer,alawyerfortheBIO.Theirsuccessmaybedeterminedbyasuitrelatedtothisissue,broughtbytheMayoClinic,whichtheSupremeCourtwillhearinitsnextterm.TheBIOrecentlyheldaconventionwhichincludedsessionstocoachlawyerontheshiftinglandscapeforpatents.Eachmeetingwaspacked.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1thatthebiotechcompanieswouldlike .theirexecutivestobeactivejudgestoruleoutgenepatentinggenestobepatentabletheBIOtoissueawarningThosewhoareagainstgenepatentsbelievethat .genetictestsarenotreliableonlyman-madeproductsarepatentablepatantsongenesdependmuchoninnovationcourtsshouldrestrictaccesstogenetictestsAccordingtoHansSauer,companiesareeagertowinpatentsfor .establishingdiseasecorrelationsdiscoveringgeneinteractionsdrawingpicturesofgenesidentifyinghumanDNABysaying“Eachmeetingwaspacked”(Line4,Para.6),theauthormeansthat .thesupremecourtwasauthoritativetheBIOwasapowerfulorganisationgenepatentingwasagreatconcernlawyerswerekeentoattendconventionsGenerallyspeaking,theauthor'sattitudetowardgenepatentingis.criticalsupportivescornfulobjectiveText4Thegreatrecessionmaybeover,butthiseraofhighjoblessnessisprobablybeginning.Beforeitends,itwilllikelychangethelifecourseandcharacterofagenerationofyoungadults.Andultimately,itislikelytoreshapeourpolitics,ourculture,andthecharacterofoursocietyforyears.Noonetriesharderthanthejoblesstofindsilverliningsinthisnationaleconomicdisaster.Manysaidthatunemployment,whileextremelypainful,hadimprovedtheminsomeways:theyhadbecomelessmaterialisticandmorefinanciallyprudent。theyweremoreawareofthestrugglesofothers.Inlimitedrespects,perhapstherecessionwillleavesocietybetteroff.Attheveryleast,ithasawokenusfromournationalfeverdreamofeasyrichesandbiggerhouses,andputanecessaryendtoaneraofrecklesspersonalspending.Butforthemostpart,thesebenefitsseemthin,uncertain,andfaroff.InTheMoralConsequencesofEconomicGrowth,theeconomichistorianBenjaminFriedmanarguesthatbothinsideandoutsidetheU.S.,lengthyperiodsofeconomicstagnationordeclinehavealmostalwaysleftsocietymoremean-spiritedandlessinclusive,andhaveusuallystoppedorreversedtheadvanceofrightsandfreedoms.Anti-immigrantsentimenttypicallyincreases,asdoesconflictbetweenracesandclasses.Incomeinequalityusuallyfallsduringarecession,butithasnotshrunkinthisone.Indeed,thisperiodofeconomicweaknessmayreinforceclassdivides,anddecreaseopportunitiestocrossthem-especiallyforyoungpeople.TheresearchofTillVonWachter,theeconomicatColumbiaUniversity,suggeststhatnotallpeoplegraduatingintoarecessionseetheirlife chancesdimmed:thosewithdegreesfromeliteuniversitiescatchupfairlyquicklytowheretheyotherwisewouldhavebeeniftheyhadgraduatedinbettertimes。itisthemassesbeneaththemthatareleftbehind.IntheInternetage,itisparticularlyeasytoseetheresentmentthathasalwaysbeenhiddenwithinAmericansociety.Moredifficult,inthemoment,isdiscerningprecisely howtheseleantimesareaffectingsociety’scharacter.Inmanyrespects,theU.S.wasmoresociallytolerantenteringthis recessionthan atanytime initshistory,andavarietyofnationalpollsonsocialconflictsincethenhaveshownmixedresults.Wewillhavetowaitandseeexactly howthesehard times willreshapeoursocialfabric.Buttheycertainlywillreshape it,andallthe more sothe longertheyextend.Bysaying“tofindsilverlinings”(Line1,Para.2)theauthorsuggeststhatthejoblesstryto___.seeksubsidiesfromthegovernmentexplorereasonsfortheunemploymentmakeprofitfromthetroubledeconomylookonthebrightsideoftherecessionAccordingtoParagraph2,therecessionhasmadepeople___.realizethenationaldreamstruggleagainsteachotherchallengetheirprudencereconsidertheirlifestyleBenjaminFriedmanbelievesthateconomicrecessionsmay___.imposeaheavierburdenonimmigrantsbringoutmoreevilsofhumannaturepromotetheadvanceofrightsandfreedomseaseconflictsbetweenracesandclassesTheresearchofTillVonWachtersuggeststhatintherecessiongraduatesfromeliteuniversitiestendto___.lagbehindtheothersduetodecreasedopportunitiescatchupquicklywithexperiencedemployeesseetheirlifechancesasdimmedastheothersrecovermorequicklythantheothersTheauthorthinksthattheinfluenceofhardtimesonsocietyis .certainpositivetrivialdestructivePartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyreadinginformationfromtheleftcolumnthatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MakeyouransweronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)“Universityhistory,thehistoryofwhatmanhasaccomplishedintheworld,isatbottomtheHistoryoftheGreatMenwhohaveworkedhere,”wrotetheVictorianThomasCarlyleWell,notanymoreitisnot.Suddenly,Britainlookstohavefallenoutwithitsfavoritehistoricalform.Thiscouldbenomorethanapassingliterarycraze,butitalsopointstoabroadertruthabouthowwenowapproachthepast:lessconcernedwithlearningfromourforefathersandmoreinterestedinfeelingtheirpain.Today,wewantempathy,notinspiration.FromtheearliestdaysoftheRenaissance,thewritingofhistorymeantrecountingtheexemplarylivesofgreatmen.In1337,PetrarchbeganworkonhisramblingwritingDebinsIllustribus —onFamousMen,highlightingthevirtus(orvirtue)ofclassicalheroes.Petrarchcelebratedtheirgreatnessinconqueringfortuneandrisingtothetop.ThiswasthebiographicaltraditionwhichNiccoloMachiavelliturnedonitshead.InThePrince,hechampionedcunning,ruthlessness,andboldness,ratherthanvirtue,mercyandjustice,astheskillsofsuccessfulleaders.Overtime,theattributesofgreatnessshifted.TheRomanticscommemoratedtheleadingpaintersandauthoroftheirday,stressingtheuniquenessoftheartist’spersonexperienceratherthanpublicglory.Bycontrast,theVictorianauthorSamuelSmilewroteself—Helpasacatalogueoftheworthylivesofengineers,industrialistsandexplorers.“Thevaluableexampleswhichtheyfurnishofthepowerofself—help,ofpatientpurposeresoluteworkingandsteadfastintegrity,issuingintheformationoftrulynobleandmanlycharacter, exhibit.”wroteSmile,“whatitisinthepowerofeachtoaccomplishforhimself. ”HisbiographiesofJamesWatt,RichardArkwrightandJosianWedgwoodwereheldupasbeaconstoguidetheworkingmanthroughhisdifficultlife.ThiswasallabitbourgeoisforThomasCarlyle,whofocusedhisbiographiesonthetrulyheroiclivesofMartinLuther,OliverCromwellandNapoleonBonaparte.Theseepochalfiguresrepresentedliveshardtoimitate,buttobeacknowledgedaspossessinghigherauthoritythanmeremortals.Noteveryonewasconvincedbysuchbombast. "Thehistoryofallhithertoexistingsocietyisthehistoryofclassstruggles, "wroteMarxandEngelinTheCommunistManifesto.Forthem,historydidnothing,itpossessednoimmensewealthnorwagedbattles: "Itisman,livingmanwhodoesallthat. "Andhistoryshouldbethestoryofthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle,Assuch,itneededtoappreciatetheeconomicrealities,thesocialcontextsandpowerrelationsinwhicheachepochstood.For:"Menmaketheirownhistory,buttheydonotmakeitjustastheyplease。theydonotmakeitundercircumstanceschosenbythemselves,butundercircumstancesdirectlyfound,givenandtransmittedfromthepast. ”Thiswasthetraditionwhichrevolutionizedourappreciationofthepast.InplaceofThomasCarlyle,BritainnurturedChristopherHill,EPThompsonandEricHobsbawm.Historyfrombelowstoodalongsidebiographiesofgreatmen.Wholenewrealmsofunderstanding-fromgendertoracetoculturalstudies —wereopenedupasscholarsunpickedthemultiplicityoflostsocieties.Andittransformedpublichistorytoo:downstairsbecamejustasfascinatingasupstairs.[A]emphasizedthevirtueofclassicalheroes41.Petrarch[B]highlightedthepublicgloryoftheleadingartists.42.NiccoloMachiavelli[C]focusedonepochalfigureswhoseliveswerehardtoimitate.43.SamuelSmiles[D]openedupnewrealmsofunderstandingthemassesandtheirrecordofstruggle.44.ThomasCarlyle[E]heldthathistoryshould45MarxandEngels[F]dismissedvirtueasunnecessaryforsuccessfulleaders.[G]depictedtheworthylivesofengineerindustrialistsandexplorers.Translation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Whenpeopleindevelopingcountriesworryaboutmigration,theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesin developedworld.ThesearethekindofworkersthatcountrieslikeBritain,CanadaandAustraliatrytoattractbyusingimmigrationrulesthatprivilegecollegegraduates.Lotsofstudieshavefoundthatwell-educatedpeoplefromdevelopingcountriesareparticularlylikelytoemigrate.AbigsurveyofIndianhouseholdsin2004foundthatnearly40%ofemigrantshadmorethanahigh-schooleducation,comparedwitharound3.3%ofallIndiansovertheage25.This “braindrain”haslongbotheredpolicymakersinpoorcountries.Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch-neededskilledworkerswhocouldhavetaughtattheiruniversities,workedintheirhospitalsandcomeupwithclevernewproductsfortheirfactoriestomake.WritingPartADirections:Supposeyouhavefoundsomethingwrongwiththeelectronicdictionarythatyouboughtfromanonlinestoretheotherday.Writeanemailtothecustomerservicecentertomakeacomplaint,and2)demandapromptsolution.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use “ZhangWei”instead.PartBDirections:Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingtable.Inyourwriting,youshoulddescribethetable,and

giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyouressayonANSWERSHEET2.(15point)某公司員工工作滿意度調(diào)查滿意度年的組不清楚不滿意叁40歲16一7%500^33.3%40-50歲0.0%拓0%640%>50歲40.0^500^100%2012考研英語二考研完整參考答案完形填空：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C6.B 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B11.D 12.B16.A 17.CTEXT1:11.D 12.B16.A 17.CTEXT1:21.A22.CTEXT226.A 27.B13.C 14.D18.B 19.B23.A28.A 29.C15.B20.D24.B 25.D30.CTEXT331.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.DTEXT436.D 37.D 38.B 39.D 40.A新題型：41-45:AFGCESectionIIITranslation46.【參考譯文】發(fā)展中國家的人們?yōu)橐泼駪n慮時(shí)， 他們通常擔(dān)憂的是離開自己國家去去硅谷或發(fā)達(dá)國家的醫(yī)院和大學(xué)的最優(yōu)秀、最聰明的群體的前景。這些勞動(dòng)者正是像英國、加拿大、澳大利亞這樣的國家通過賦予受過大學(xué)教育者以特權(quán)的移民法想要吸引的人群。很多研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，來自發(fā)展中國家的那些受到良好教育的人們極有可能選擇移居他國。2004年對印度家庭開展了一項(xiàng)廣泛的調(diào)查， 結(jié)果顯示約40%勺移民受過高中以上的教育。 相比而言，在所有年齡超過25歲的印度人中，受過高中以上教育的人數(shù)比例只有約 3.3%?！叭瞬帕魇А币恢崩_著貧窮國家的政策制定者們。 他們擔(dān)心這會(huì)對本國的經(jīng)濟(jì)造成損害， 造成國家急需的技工的流失。這些技術(shù)人員可能曾在他們的大學(xué)教案， 也可能曾在他們的醫(yī)院工作，或者曾經(jīng)構(gòu)想出智能化的新產(chǎn)品讓他們的工廠去生產(chǎn)?！窘庾x】今年蒯正話題是貧窮國家的人才流失問題， 話題內(nèi)容比較好理解，從而在很大程度上降低了翻譯的難度。但還是有幾個(gè)地方有的同學(xué)可能會(huì)比較困惑。1）文章第一句的主句需要我們?nèi)フJ(rèn)真思考下。"theyareusuallyconcernedattheprospectoftheirbestandbrightestdeparturetoSiliconValleyortohospitalsanduniversitiesinthedevelopedworld這句話中concernat的賓語是prospect?？吹?of"我們要立即想到"AofB"翻譯為“B的A”在這里，A指的就是“prospect"，關(guān)鍵就是找出 B指代的是什么。而這一點(diǎn)恰恰是本句理解的難點(diǎn) B指的是“theirbestandbrightest"翻譯為"他們中最優(yōu)秀、最聰明的（群體）”。2）第一段第二句話關(guān)鍵在于對兩個(gè) that引導(dǎo)的從句的理解。第一個(gè)that從句作定語修飾workers,第二個(gè)that作定語修飾rules。這里是考研英語中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的一個(gè)考點(diǎn)： 從根據(jù)一個(gè)句子如果有 N根據(jù)一個(gè)句子如果有 N個(gè)連詞就必定有 N+1個(gè)動(dòng)詞的原則來切分開長句。3)“ braindrain”這個(gè)詞組是在報(bào)刊雜志中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的，意思是“人才流失”。這個(gè)詞語通過上下文邏輯應(yīng)該能大概猜出它的意思， 但是在考研考場上， 尤其是在完成了閱讀和作文后很多同學(xué)可能已經(jīng)耗費(fèi)了大量的體力和腦力，對于這個(gè)單詞的猜測可能會(huì)很費(fèi)力，甚至?xí)艞?。這個(gè)說明我們再平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)過程中應(yīng)該注意積累這樣的熱點(diǎn)詞匯。4)“ Theyfearthatithurtstheireconomies,deprivingthemofmuch -neededskilledworkerswho”對于這個(gè)句子的理解關(guān)鍵在于對于“ depriving”之后成分在句子結(jié)構(gòu)中作用的理解。Deprive本意是剝奪，在這里很顯然不適合直譯。我們根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可以翻譯為“技工的流失”。“clever”這個(gè)單詞很簡單，同學(xué)們都認(rèn)識(shí)， 在這里翻譯為“聰明的”很顯然說不通，clever除了“聰明的”還有“精巧”之意，再結(jié)合這里說的是技術(shù)工人的重要性，我們可以翻譯為“智能的”SectionIVWriting應(yīng)用文范文DearSirorMadam,Iamanhonestcustomerwhooftenbuystheproductsfromyouronlinestore.Ijustboughtanelectronicdictionaryfromyourstoretheotherday.IfeelbadtotroubleyoubutIamafraidthatIhavetomakeacomplaintaboutthequalityofit.Thereason