上海牛津版英語6A語法專題-介詞（教師版）

/14/14/授課主題上海牛津版6A英語語法專題--介詞教學(xué)目標(biāo)1.掌握介詞的不同用法2.掌握介詞的固定搭配教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)：介詞用法易混淆難點(diǎn)：固定搭配的記憶背誦教學(xué)內(nèi)容語法專題--介詞語法專題--介詞介詞是一種虛詞，它不能單獨(dú)擔(dān)任句子成分，必須與名詞或代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能擔(dān)任句子成分。知識(shí)點(diǎn)一：時(shí)間介詞表示年、月、日、時(shí)刻等用at,in,onat后常接幾點(diǎn)幾分，天明，中午，日出，日落，開始等。atbreakfast/lunch/supper(在早餐時(shí)/午餐時(shí)/晚餐時(shí))atnoon/night/midnight(半夜)atsunrise(日出時(shí))atdusk(黃昏)atdawn/daybreak(黎明)atChristmasatthebeginning/endoflastmonthatfiveo’clock（五點(diǎn)）E.g:Wewillleaveatdaybreak.我們將在黎明時(shí)動(dòng)身。Hedrinksteaatbreakfast.他在早餐時(shí)飲茶。on后常接某日，星期幾，某周末的朝夕，節(jié)日等onSundays/weekdaysonMondaymorning/afternoon/evening[用于星期、日期(包括該天的各部分)前]【溫馨提示】“在周末”既可以說atweekends，也可以說onweekendsonacoldafternoononthenightofOctober1,1997onthefirstdayonTeachers’DayonChristmasDay／EveonNationalDay(用于公共節(jié)假日前)【溫馨提示】at，on都可用來表示“節(jié)假日”，但at側(cè)重指“休假的時(shí)節(jié)”，而不是指具體的哪一天；on側(cè)重指具體的時(shí)日，與它連用的短語中多含“Day”atNewYear(在新年期間)atChristmas(在圣誕節(jié)期間)onNewYear’sDay(在元旦那天)onChristmasDay(在圣誕節(jié))E.g:Ioftengofishingon/atweekends.我經(jīng)常在周末去釣魚。Wedidn’tlistentothelectureonWednesdayafternoon.周三下午我們沒去聽演講。in后常接年，月，日期，上午，下午，晚上，白天，季節(jié)，世紀(jì)，語言等inthemorning/afternoon/evening/night(用于泛指一天的上午、下午、傍晚)inMarchinspringin1997(用于某個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，像世紀(jì)、朝代、年、月、季節(jié))用于表示“從現(xiàn)在起，多久以后或多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)”的短語之前E.g:She’llseemeagaininaweek’stime.一周后她再來看我?！眷柟叹毩?xí)1】Choosethebestanswer.()1.TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere_________halfpastten.A.in B.at C.onD.off()2.DragonHead-RaisingDayisaChinesefestival.Itis______February26thisyear.A.on B.at C.in D.overD.over()3.TheGamesofthe29thOlympiadwereheldsuccessfully_______August,2008inBeijing,China.A.on B.at C.inD.after()4.ShenzhouVIIwaslaunched________September25,2008.A.atB.inC.onD.off ()5.China’sfirstman-mademoonsatellite“Chang’eNo.1”waslaunched________October,2007. A.atB.inC.onD.up【答案】BACCB表示時(shí)間的前后用before,afterbefore：在…之前E.g:Washyourhandsbeforedinner.(before作介詞)吃飯前請(qǐng)洗手。Hewillcallmebeforeheleaveshere.(before作連詞)他離開這兒之前，他將給我打電話。after：在……之后E.g:Let'sSingsomesongsafterschool.(after作介飼)放學(xué)后咱們唱歌吧!Pleasclosethedoorafteryouleavetheroom.(after作連詞)離開房間后請(qǐng)關(guān)門。表示時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)等用from,sincefrom從……起（時(shí)間）：表示＂從……開始＂時(shí)，一般都是用詞組from...to...，而單純表示確切的＂從幾點(diǎn)開始＂時(shí)用at。E.g:Themeetingwillbeheldfromeighttoten.這個(gè)會(huì)議將從8點(diǎn)開到10點(diǎn)。Mostpeopleworkfromninetofive．大多數(shù)人從9點(diǎn)工作到5點(diǎn)。since自從……以來（表示從以前某時(shí)一直到現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)）E.g:Ihavebeensicksinceyesterday.我從昨天起就病了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)一直病到現(xiàn)在）知識(shí)點(diǎn)二：表示場(chǎng)所、方向的介詞表示場(chǎng)所的介詞：at，in，on，under，by，near，between.at表示存在或出現(xiàn)的地點(diǎn)、場(chǎng)所、位置、空間，一般表示小地點(diǎn)atschool上學(xué) athome在家atafactory在一家工廠atthebusstop在公共汽車站in指較大的地方;說話人身在其中，也可以用in?表示較小的地方inBeijing在北京 intheworld在世界上 inthehouse在房子里on在……上，一般指與面或線接觸;在……旁邊onthedesk在桌子上面onthemap在地圖上ontheisland/beach在島上/海濱 onthepavement在人行道上onthefarm在農(nóng)場(chǎng)E.g:I’ll?wait?for?you?at?the?station.我將在車站等你。?He?lives?in?Shanghai.?他住在上海。The?picture?was?hanging?on?the?wall.?畫掛在墻上。???He?lives?in?a?house?on?the?river.他住在河邊的房子里。?表示方向的介詞:(如圖所示)E.g:Thereisatreebehindmyhouse.我家房子后面有一顆樹。Thestudentsareintheclassroom.學(xué)生們?cè)诮淌依?。MyteacherissittingbetweenTomandMike.我們的老師正坐在湯姆和邁克之間。Theriverwasthroughthecity.這條河穿過這個(gè)城市。Thestudentsrushedoutoftheroom.學(xué)生們沖出房間。Afewbirdswereflyingoverthesea.有幾只鳥在海上飛?！眷柟叹毩?xí)2】()1Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on()2--Thereisnothing____tomorrowafternoon,isthere?--No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up()3Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since()4Timsuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during()5.Heoftengoes____school____sixthirty____themorning.for;to;inB.to;atinC.to;for;atD,for;at;to()6.Thereisabridge____theriver.A.under?????B.over??????C.on???????D.next()7.Therearemanybeautifulbirds______thetree.A.on???????B.at??????????C.in???????????D.besides()8.Shanghaiis______theeastofChinaandJapanis______theeastofChina.to/to?????????B.to/in??????????C.in/to???????D.in/in【答案】BAAABBCC知識(shí)點(diǎn)三：其他介詞（介詞除了可以表示＂時(shí)間＂、＂場(chǎng)所＂以外，有些也可以表示＂手段＂＂材料＂等。）表示手段和材料的介詞with,in,by①with和……在一起；with具有、帶有；with用某種工具或辦法E.g:Hewasahandsomeboywithlargebrighteyes.他是有著一雙明亮大眼睛的英俊男孩。Hewrotetheletterwithanewpen.他用一只新鋼筆寫這封信。②in表示用什么材料（如用墨水，鉛筆等），或用什么語言，或者表示衣著、聲調(diào)特點(diǎn)時(shí)，不用with，而用in。E.g:Don’twriteitinpencilbutinink.別用鉛筆寫，用鋼筆（水）寫。CanyouspeakinEnglish?你能用英語說嗎？③by通過……方法、手段：＂by+交通工具＂bybicycle騎自行車 bytrain坐火車byplane/byair坐飛機(jī) bytaxi坐出租車of,from①of（屬于）……的；表示……的數(shù)量或種類E.g:Thisisamapofchina.這是一幅中國地圖。②from來自（某地、某人）；以……起始（時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)）E.g:I’mfromNanjing.我是南京人。知識(shí)點(diǎn)四：介詞短語atlast最后2.atfirst起先，首先3.attheageof...在……歲時(shí)4.withasmile面帶笑容5.fromnowon從現(xiàn)在起6.fromthenon從那時(shí)起7.infact事實(shí)上8.forexample例如 9.withone’shelp在某人的幫助下，由于某人的幫助10.intheend最后，終于11.onone’swayto某人在去……的路上12.ontheotherhand另一方面13.toone’sjoy使……高興的是14.toone’ssurprise使……驚訝的是一、選用合適的介詞填空：1.I’msorryIcan’tsayit_________Chinese.2.Doyouusuallygotoschool_________bike?3.It’stime?_______?school.4.Isanyone_________home?5.Pleaselook_________mybirdwhenI’maway.6.AreJimandLiLei_________thesameclass?7.Thereisahole_________?thewall.8.?_________thebeginningofthisterm,Imetmynewfriend,Jim.9.Thereareafewleaves_________thetree.10.Thegirl_________?theredcoatismysister.11.Couldyougiveanorange_________?me?12.It’stimetogo_________bed.13.Icanseeabottle_________orange.14.Putthebasket_________there.15.What’swrong_________yourwatch?16.Whendidyouarrive______thevillage?17.Iwasborn______July1st,1990.18.Youcanbuysomeschoolthings______yourwayhome.19.Ducksaregood_______swimming.20.Theeraserwaspassed______onestudent______another.【答案】1.in?2.by?3.for?4.at?5.after?6.in?7.in?8.At?9.on?10.in?11.to12.to?13.of?14.over?15.with16.at17.in18.on19.at20.fromto二、選擇最佳答案:1.Bothteachersandstudentsarebusy_________June.A.with B.in C.on D.at2.Wushuisbecomingmoreandmorepopular__________westerners.A.among B.between C.in D.within3.____thehelpoftheteachers,wedecorated.Ourclassroom______lanterns,flowersandpicturesyesterday.A.Under;without B.Under;among C.With;with D.With;between4.Thecakes__________theshapeofaroundmooniscalledmooncakes.A.like B.looklike C.as D.likes5.Smokinganddrinkingarenotgood_______yourhealth.A.for B.to C.of D.at6.Itwasclever__________theboytowork__________themathsproblemsinlessthantenminutes.A.for;out B.of;out C.for;on D.of;on7.MyauntJanetriedherbesttoreduceherweight________6kg.A.about B.at C.to D.by8.Inmyopinion,Iagree__________you__________that.A.to;with B.with;to C.with;with D.with;on9.Iamfamiliar__________thisschoolsinceIhaveworkedhereformorethanfifteenyears.A.with B.to C.about D.of10.Wouldyoupleaselook__________mybabygirl__________myabsence?A.after;during B.for;during C.after;in D.to;in【答案】B【解析】句意：在六月，教師和學(xué)生都很忙。在月、年和季節(jié)前要用介詞in。故選B。2.A【解析】在……之中有兩種表達(dá)。in（在物體內(nèi)）；among（在人群中間）。其實(shí)最大的干擾項(xiàng)為between，between（兩者之間）/among（至者以上）。westerners西方人。故選A。3.C【解析】在……的幫助下，英語的正確表達(dá)為withthehelpof而不是underthehelpof。＂用……來裝飾＂的正確表達(dá)為decorate…with。故選C。4.A【解析】like可以用作介詞，表示＂像……＂；as用作介詞時(shí)表示＂作為＂、＂好像（某人）＂強(qiáng)調(diào)身份。looklike表示＂看上去像……＂，它是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語。而likes表示＂喜歡＂，它是第三人稱單數(shù)的形式。句意：像月亮的那種糕餅叫作月餅。句中少的是介詞而不是動(dòng)詞，選A。5.A【解析】句意：煙、酒對(duì)你的身體不利。begoodfor＂對(duì)……有好處＂；bebadfor和beharmfulto意思為＂對(duì)……有害處＂；而begoodat是＂擅長(zhǎng)＂的意思。benotgoodfor＂對(duì)……沒有好處＂，顯然與句意相符，所以答案是A。6.B【解析】Itis/was+adj.+forsb.todosth.這一結(jié)構(gòu)只是用forsb.todosth.作不定式的邏輯主語。workout意為＂作出、算出、制定出＂。workon意為＂（對(duì)某人／某事）產(chǎn)生預(yù)期的結(jié)果或作用＂。根據(jù)本句的意思只有答案B是正確的。7.D【解析】有關(guān)reduce的兩個(gè)短語為reduce…to（減到），reduce…by（減去）。作為一個(gè)成年人，6公斤的體重是不可能的。唯一可能的是減去了6公斤的體重。所以答案D是正確的。8.D【解析】agree這個(gè)動(dòng)詞后可以+介詞with/to/on。agreewithsb.表示同意，贊成；agreetosth.同意，愿意，答應(yīng)（某事物）；agreewithsb.about/onsth.（與某人）意見一致。故選D。9.A【解析】befamiliarwithsth.意為＂對(duì)某事物熟悉，通曉＂；befamiliartosb.意為＂為（某人）所熟知的，經(jīng)常見到或聽到的＂；而befamiliarwithsb.意思為＂友好的，不拘禮節(jié)的，過分親密，冒失的＂。因?yàn)樵谝粋€(gè)地方工作了15年，應(yīng)該對(duì)這個(gè)地方非常的熟悉，所以答案A是正確的。10.A【解析】lookafter照顧，lookfor尋找。during和in在表示一段時(shí)間時(shí)可以互換。但during后面必須有the，而in后面有the表示特指，沒有的話就是泛指。如insummer指每年的夏天；而inthesummer則為那年的夏天。during指＂在整個(gè)過程中＂，更強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的延續(xù)。這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞表示延續(xù)性狀態(tài)或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。＂in＂則純粹指一段時(shí)間，在那段時(shí)間里發(fā)生些什么。句意：在我不在期間你能幫我照看一下我的孩子嗎？故選A。三、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答下列問題WhatisaschooldaylikeforastudentfromtheUnitedStates?Well,everyone'sisverydifferent.Icantellyouaboutmydayinhighschool.Myschooldayusuallygoesfrom8:30amto5:30pm.ButsomedaysIhavecheerleadingpractice(啦啦隊(duì)練習(xí))at6:30am.Igotoschoolearlieronthosedays.ThenIruntomylocker(儲(chǔ)物柜)andgetmybooksforthefirstperiod.Eachclassgoesforabout50minutes.Weonlyhave4minutestogettothenextclass.Lunchtimeisat12:30pm.Afterthat,wehavesometimetohangout(出去玩).Attheendofthedaythereisaseminar(研討課)periodforstudyingormeeting.Iamstillbusyafterschool.Icheeratabasketballgame,workasalifeguard(救生員)orhavespeechpractice.Myfamilyhavedinnerataround7pm.Ifinallystartstudyingataround8or9pm.1.WhendoesaschooldayintheUnitedStatesusuallybegin?Itbegins______________________________________________.2.Wheredoesthewritergethisbooks?Hegetshisbooks_____________________________________________.3.Howlongdoeseachclassgofor?Eachclassgoesfor_____________________________________________.4.Whatdoesthewriterdoafterlunch?He_____________________________________________withhisclassmates.5.Isthewriterbusyafterschool?_________,____________________________________.6.Whatdoesthewriterworkasafterschool?Heworksas_____________________________________________afterschool.【答案】1?at?8:30?am?2?from?his?locker3?about?50?minutes4?hangs?out5?Yes,?he?is.6?a?lifeguard時(shí)間介詞和地點(diǎn)介詞的用法2.重要介詞短語的記憶一、選擇最佳答案1.Don’tstayinside_________suchasunnymorning.Let’sgoouttoenjoythegentlewindandthesweetflowers.A.on B.in C.from D.at2.Inthepicture,hesits_________me,lookingveryhappy.A.beside B.among C.up D.through3.--WhoisthespacescientistfromBeijing?--Theman_____whiteoverthere.He’sofmediumheight.A.with B.in C.or D.for4.MoreandmorepeopleinQingdaogotowork_________subwaynow.A.with B.on C.in D.by5.I’veorderedsomeflowersforgrandmaandtheywillarrive_________twohours.A.in B.after C.over D.for6.Ialwaysplaybasketballtorelaxmyself_________Saturdays.A.on B.in C.at D.by7.--Bill,didyouseeTom?--Yes,hejustparkedhiscarhereandthenhurried_________thestreet.A.through B.over C.past D.across8.--Excuseme,isthereacomputerroominyourschool?--Yes.It’s_________thefifthfloor.A.on B.in C.at D.to9.Theearthgoes_________thesun.A.around B.through C.between D.across10.Wewon!Thehonorbelongs_________allthememberofourteam.A.by B.of C.at D.to11.ShirleyisstillwaitingforherflighttoNewYorkCity_________theairport.A.at B.under C.on D.with12.TheprogramI’masingerisquitepopular_________studentsthesedays.Theyoftentalkaboutitbetweenclasses.A.for B.with C.inD.of13.Noraopenedthebox.Tohersurprise,_________wasagoldwatchA.outside B.inside C.beside D.behind14.--Doyouhaveanythingelsetosayforbeinglateagain?--No,nothing_________sorry.A.above B.behind C.from D.but15.Yourglovesshouldbemade_________leather,fortheyfeelsoftandsmooth.A.in B.on C.for D.of16.--Hello,mayIspeak_________Mike?--ThisisMikespeaking.A.at B.to C.in D.on17.--WhichisyournewEnglishteacher?--Theyounglady_________redoverthere.A.with B.in C.on D.for18.Awomanstood_________thewindow,watchingthechildrenplayinggamesinthegarden.A.past B.through C.across D.by19.--_________,theremustbelifeonotherplanetsthoughnonehasbeendiscovered.--Iagreewithyou.Theuniverseissolargeafterall.A.Tomysurprise B.Tobehonest C.Inmyopinion D.Againandagain20.Thelitterbin_________thecorneroftheroomisapresentfrommybrother.A.at B.on C.in D.among【答案】AABDAADAADABBDDBBCCC根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)Peopleknowthedangersoffires.It'sgoodforafamilytolearnhowtoprotectagainstafire.Herearesomesuggestions.Putasmokealarminthehouse.____1.___Thealarmmakesaloudsound.Thesoundtellseveryonetoleavethehouseatonce._____2.____Theyshouldknowallthewaysoutofthehouse.Ifthereisafire,everyonefollowstheplantogetout.Themostimportantplanistocheckallthewindowstomakesuretheycanopenthemeasily.Buyfireextinguishers(滅火器)inthehouse.Everyoneinthefamilyshouldknowhowtousethem.Practiceforafire.Theydofirepracticebecausetheyteachchildrenaboutfiresafety.Everyoneinthefamilyshouldknowthefollowingfirerules:Don'topenahotdoor!___3.___Stayclosetothefloor!Smokecanbemoredangerousthanfire.Thebestairisnearthefloorbecausesmokegoesup.Whatwillyoudoifyourhairorclothes:starttoburn?First,stop!Don'trun!Thefireburnsfasterbecauseofmoreair.Drop!Falltothefloor.Thenroll(打滾)!___4.___Putablanket(毯子)aroundyoutokeepairawayfromthefire.Therearemanypossiblecausesforfires.___5.___Ifthereisafire,don'tforgettocall119forhelp.A.Thefirecangrowmorequicklyifyouopenthedoor.B.Turningoverandoverwillmakethefiregoout.C.Acleverfamilyisreadyallthetime.D.Smokefromafirecausesthealarmtoring.E.Makeescapeplans.【答案】DEABC四、閱讀短文，選擇最佳答案TVPROGRAMMESChannel1Channel218:00AroundChina18:30Children’sprogramme19:00News19:30Weatherreport19:40Aroundtheworld20:10TVplay:Sisters21:00Englishfortoday21:15Popularmusic21:55Talkshow17:45Computerstoday18:10Foreignarts18:30Englishclassroom19:00Animalworld19:25China’9920:20Sports21:00TVplay:GuoLanying21:45Englishnews22:06OnTVnextweek1.Ifyouwanttowat