2023年考研外語押題預測卷2

考研外語押題預測卷2

一、UseofEnglish

1、Likeallthehugemetropolisesoftheworld,therearelotsofdiversionsbothoutdoorsandindoorsinChicago.TheArtInstituteofChicagohasoneoftheworld's【1】artcollections,includingmoreFrenchImpressionistpaintingsthanevenintheParisLouvreitself.TheFieldMuseumofNaturalHistoryandtheMuseumofScienceandIndustryarealsogreathistoricalandculturaltreasurehousesto【2】aswellasentertainchildrenandadults【3】IntheFieldMuseumonecomes【4】asurprisinglybigcollectionofChineseexhibitsfromtheancient【5】totheearlycentury.TheSearsTowerandtheBuckinghamFountainaretheprideoftheChicagoans;【6】having110storey'sissaidtobethehighesttowerintheworldandthe【7】isthelargestfountainintheUnitedStates.LakeMichiganisforyachtinginsummertime,【8】thehighlightsofChicagolifealltheyearroundareconcerts,operasandplays【9】bythecity'sorchestra,operahousesandtheatres.Insummer,especiallyaroundtheIndependenceDay,July4th,manyfestivalsandfairsaregivenoutdoors,which,【10】crowdsandcrowdsofpeople,withtheirparades,fireworks,【11】concerts,water-skiingandgoodfoods.

ButwithallitsattractionsandbeautifulspotsChicagoisalsoacity【12】forcrimes.Allthedwellinghousesare【13】withthreedoorsandvisitorshavetospeakthroughmicrophone【14】inthewalltotheresidentsbeforetheycangetadmitted.Inthestreetstherearewhite-colortelephones.Whenonefindsoneself【15】,heneedsonlytoknockthereceiver【16】thehookandthenextinstantthepolicewill【17】.Ifonedoesnotdriveacar,itmaywellbedangerousforhimorhertogooutaloneintheevening.AtfirstIdidnottakethiswarningseriously.【18】,mytwoencounterswiththeBlackpeople【19】duskintheneighborhoodweresounpleasantandfrighteningthatIhave【20】shutmyselfeveningsinmyroom,inalmostallstudying,imposingacurfewonmyself.

(1)

A.smallest

B.smaller

C.greatest

D.greater

2、(2)

A.instruct

B.tell

C.inform

D.conduct

3、(3)

A.alike

B.both.

C.like

D.either

4、(4)

A.upon

B.to

C.with

D.for

5、(5)

A.age

B.ages

C.time

D.times

6、(6)

A.thefirst

B.theformer

C.theprevious

D.theformal

7、(7)

A.later

B.latter

C.late

D.former

8、(8)

A.when

B.as

C.while

D.but

9、(9)

A.given

B.performed

C.conducted

D.acted

10、(10)

A.amazed

B.enticed

C.captured

D.attracted

11、(11)

A.outsides

B.outdoor

C.without

D.within

12、(12)

A.notorious

B.known

C.famous

D.popular

13、(13)

A.guarded

B.defended

C.protected

D.forefended

14、(14)

A.equipped

B.installed

C.put

D.inserted

15、(15)

A.inthemoment

B.innecessity

C.inajuncture

D.inanemergency

16、(16)

A.off

B.out

C.down

D.away

17、(17)

A.rescuehim

B.cometohisrescue

C.cometosave

D.save

18、(18)

A.Therefore

B.Moreover

C.However

D.Whatever

19、(19)

A.in

B.on

C.at

D.by

20、(20)

A.since

B.then

C.after

D.until

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

IncomeinequalityintheUnitedStateremainedrelativelystableforaperiodofnearlyfortyyears.Beginninginthe1970's,however,thisperiodofstabilityended,asthefirstsignsofwideningincomeinequalitybecameapparent.Overthecourseofthe1970'sand1980's,anincreasinglycleartrendtowardgreaterincomeinequalityemerged.Bytheendofthe1980's,thetop20percentofworkerswerereceivingthelargestshareofincomeeverrecordedbygovernmentfigures,andthebottomthreefifthswerereceivingthelowestshareseverrecorded.Thistrendhascontinuedintothe1990'sandcurrentlyshowsnosignsofdecline.Whentheindicatorsofgrowinginequalitywerefirstobservedinthe1970's,someresearchersarguedthattheeffectsweremerelytemporaryartifactsofshort-termlabormarketdisturbances.Thenewoccupationalstructureappearstobeonewithanincreaseofwell-paidtechnical,scientificandprofessionaljobsatthetop,aslidingmiddleclass,andagrowingpoorly-paidserviceandretailjobsatthebottom.Severalimportantlabor-forcechangesappearedtobecontributingtotheshiftingoccupationalstructure.

Asoccupationalreconstructingandgrowingincomeinequalityhavebecomeincreasinglyevident,aheateddebateastothecausesandmagnitudeofthesechangesarose.Twodominantbodiesofthoughtemergedaroundtheissue:thejob-skillmismatchthesisandthepolarizationthesis.Mismatchtheoristsarguethatthereisanincreasingdistancebetweenthehighskillrequirementsofpost-industrialjobsandtheinadequatetrainingandmediocrequalificationsofworkers.Theyseethepost-industrialeconomyleavingbehindunskilledworkers,especiallywomenandminorities.Forthemismatchtheorist,thetrendtowardgreaterinequalityistemporaryaridwilldissipateoncethesupplyofworkersacquirestheskillsdemandedbyapost-industrialeconomy.Andtheypredictthattheworkerswillexperienceanupgradingintheirwagesoverthelongrun.Polarizationtheorists,ontheotherhand,believethattheriseininequalityispermanent,aresultoftheshifttoaservice-basedeconomy.Thisvisionofthepostindustrialeconomyischaracteristicallypolarized.Theproblemaccordingtothesetheorists,isthetypeofjobsbeinggeneratedintheneweconomy,notworkerattributes.Becausetheybelievethecausesarestructuralandpermanent,polarizationtheoristswoulddenytheefficacyofpublicpoliciesdesignedtoeducateandtrainunskilledworkers.Theypredictalong-termcontinuationofthetrendtowardsincreasingincomeinequality.

Studiesshowthatthelong-runincreaseinincomeinequalityisalsorelatedtochangesintheNation'slabormarketanditshouseholdcomposition.Thewagedistributionhasbecomeconsiderablymoreunequalwithmorehighlyskilled,trainedandeducatedworkersatthetopexperiencingrealwagegainsandthoseatthebottomrealwagelosses.Onefactoristheshiftinemploymentfromthosegoods-producingindustriesthathavedisproportionatelyprovidedhigh-wageopportunitiesforlow-skilledworkers,towardsservicesthatdisproportionatelyemploycollegegraduates,andtowardslow-wagesectorssuchasretailtrade.Butwithinindustry,shiftsinlabordemandawayfromless-educatedworkersareperhapsamoreimportantexplanationoferodingwagesthantheshiftoutofmanufacturing.

Alsocitedasputtingdownwardpressureonthewagesofless-educatedworkersareintensifyingglobalcompetitionandimmigration,thedeclineoftheproportionofworkersbelongingtounions,thedeclineintherealvalueoftheminimumwage,theincreasingneedforcomputerskills,andtheincreasinguseoftemporaryworkers.

FromtheParagraph1,wecanseethatbeginningint

A.incomebecamemoreunequal

B.incomebecamemoreequal

C.incomebecamemoreunstable

D.incomebecamemorestable

2、

Accordingtothestatisticsofthe1980s,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Thetop20percentoftheworkersearnedmorethanthewell-paidtechnicians.

B.Overhalfoftheworkerswerepoorlypaid.

C.Thereweremoreservicejobs.

D.Incomestillremainedunequal.

3、

AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A.Bothmismatchtheoristsandpolarizationtheoriststhinkthatgreaterinequalitywillremain.

B.Mismatchtheoristsandpolarizationtheoristshaveoppositeviewsregardingthepost-industrialeconomy.

C.Polarizationtheoristsdonotthinkitusefultotraintheworkers.

D.Bothgroupsoftheoriststrytoexplainthecausesofincomeinequality.

4、

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Thelong-runincreaseinincomeinequalityiscausedbyhewagedistribution.

B.fewergoods-producingindustrialworkerswillbeemployed.

C.Notenoughcollegestudentsareemployedbydifferentservices.

D.Lesseducatedworkershavebecomemoreimportant.

5、

Accordingtothewriter,intensifyingglobalcompetitionandimmigrationwill______.

A.reducetheproportionofunionworkers

B.reducetherealvalueoftheminimumwage

C.increasetheuseoftemporaryworkers

D.makethewagesofless-educatedworkersgodown

6、Withonlyabout1,000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclonetheanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies.That'samovesimilartowhataTexasA＆MUniversityresearcherhasbeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled"Noah'sArk".

Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA＆M'sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineandapioneerinembryotransferworkandrelatedprocedures,sayshesalutestheChineseeffortand"Iwishthemallthebestsuccesspossible.It'saworthwhileproject,certainlynotaneasyone,andit'sverymuchlikewhatwe'reattemptinghereatTexasA＆M—tosaveanimalsfromextinction."

Noah'sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshouldbecomeextinct,Kraemersaystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblockstoreintroducethespeciesinthefuture.

Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2,000speciesofmammals,birdsandreptileswillbecomeextinctoverthenext100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerofbecomingextinctinthenext25years.

Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyarenowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.

Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.

"Thenucleartransferofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailablepandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,"Kraemerbelieves."Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy.Ittakesalongtimeandit'sdifficult,butthiscouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,"addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleadersoftheMissyplicityProjectatTexasA＆M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.

"Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat'sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah'sArk.We'rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyapplaudtheireffortandthere'salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It'saresearchthatisverymuchneeded."

Theaimof"Noah'sArk"projectisto______.

A.implantembryointoahostanimal

B.salutetheChineseeffortsinsavingpandas

C.saveendangeredanimalsfromextinction

D.introducecellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggceilsofaJapanesewhiterabbit

7、

HowlongwilltheChinesepanda-cloningprojecttakeaccordingtothepassage?

A.1year.

B.3to5years.

C.2years.

D.25years.

8、

Theword"groundbreaking"(Paragraph7)canbeinterpretedas______.

A．essentiallynew

B．pioneering

C．evolutionary

D．epoch-making

9、

WhatcouldbethemajorproblemincloningpandasaccordingtoProfessorKraemer?

A．Lackofavailablepandaeggs.

B．Lackofhostanimals.

C．Lackofqualifiedresearchers.

D．Lackoffunds.

10、

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.

A.China—theNativePlaceofPandasForever

B.China'sEffortstoClonePandas

C.China'sFirstClonedPanda

D.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandas

11、ItisincongruousthatthenumberofBritishinstitutionsofferingMBAcoursesshouldhavegrownby254percentduringaperiodwhentheeconomyhasbeenslidingintodeeperrecession.Optimists,orthosegiventospeed,assumptions,mightthinkitmarveloustohavesucharesourceofbusinessschoolgraduatesreadyfortherecovery.Unfortunately,thereisnowmuchdoubtaboutthevalueofthedegreenotleastamongMBAgraduatesthemselves,sufferingastheyarefromtheeffectsofrecessionandfacingtheprospectofshrinkingmanagementstructures.

Whatwastakensomeyearsagoasaticketofcertainadmissiontosuccessisnowbeingexposedtothescrutinyofcost-consciousemployerswhoseek"can-dos"ratherthan"might-dos",andwhofeelthatacademiabasnotbeensufficientlyappreciativeoftheneedsofindustryoroftheemployers'possiblecontribution.

Itiscurious,giventhenameofthedegree,thatthereshouldbenoleaguetableforUKbusinessschools;nounanimityaboutwhatthedegreeshouldencompass;andnoagreedsystemofaccreditation.Surelythereissomethingwrong.Onewonderswhereallthetutorsforthismassiveinfusionofbusinessexpertisecamefromandwhyallthismushroomingtookplace.

Perhapscompaniesthatmadelargeinvestmentswouldhavebeenwisertoinvestinalreadyexistingmanagers,perchedanxiouslyontheirowninternalladdersTheInstituteofManagement's1992survey,whichrevealedthateighty-onepercentofmanagersthoughttheypersonallywouldbemoreeffectiveiftheyreceivedmoretraining,suggeststhatthismightbethecase.Thereis,too,thefactthattrainingalonedoesnotmakesuccessfulmanagers.Theyneedtheinherentqualifications.Ofcharacter;adegreeofself-subjugation;andaboveall,theabilitytocommunicateandlead;moresonow,whenempowermentisabuzzwordthatisatleastgeneratinggenuflexions,ifnottotalconviction.

Onecaneasilythinkofpeople,somecomparativelyunlettered,whoarenotlaudedcaptainsofindustry.Wemay,therefore,notneedtobetooconcernedaboutthefallinapplicationsforbusinessschoolplaces,oreventhedoubtaboutMBAs.Theproliferationandsubsequentquestioningmayhavebeenaninevitableevolution.IftheManagementCharterInitiative,nowexploringtheintroductionofaseniormanagementqualification,issuccessful,therewillbeapowerfulcorrective.

Webelievenowthatmanagementisallaboutchange.Onehopestherewillbesomeofthatinrelationshipbetweenmanagementandsciencewithinindustry,currentlycausingconcernandwhichisoverdueforattention.No-onedoubtsthatweneedmorescientistsandinnovationtogiveusanedgeinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.Ifscientistsfeelthemselvesundervaluedandunder-used,workinginindustrialghettos,thatisnotapromisingauguryforthefuture.Itseemswehavetoresolvethesemisapprehensionsbetweenscienceand.industry.Aboveall,wehavetomakesurethatmanagementisnotitselfsmugaboutitsstatusandthatitdoesnotissuemissionstatementsaboutcommunicationwithoutrealizingthattheessenceofitisadialogue.Moreempowermentisrequiredandweshouldstrivetoachieveit.

Whatisthewriter'sviewinthereadingpassage?

A.HebelievesthattherearetoomanyMBAs

B.Hebelievesthatthedegreeisover-valued

C.Hebelievesthatstandardsareinconsistent

D.Hebelievesthatthedegreehasdubiousvalue

12、

Accordingtothepassage,employers______.

A.feelthattheyhavenotbeenconsultedsufficientlyabouttheirneeds

B.considerthatcost-consciousnessisthemostimportantqualification

C.aremoreconcernedaboutthevalueofthedegreethangraduatesthemselves

D.feelthatMBAswillnotbenecessarybecauseofshrinkingmanagementstructures

13、

Accordingtothepassage______.

A.managersneedadegreeandtheabilitytocommunicate

B.trainingneedtobedoneingroupstobesuccessful

C.managerstodaymusthavegoodcommunicationandleadershipskills

D.industrialmanagersdonotneedtowriteletters.

14、

Inthewriter'sopinion______.

A.scienceincreasescompetition

B.scientistsareundervalued

C.themanagementofscienceneedsreassessment

D.managementfeelssmugaboutitsstatus

15、

Whichoftheinformationistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Mostmanagersinterviewedfeltthattheircolleaguesneededmoretraining

B.Employerstodayarelookingforprovenexperienceratherthanpotentialability

C.TheManagementCharterInitiativeisanattempttostandardizeMBAs

D.CompanieswouldhavebenefitedmorefromrecruitingMBAsratherthaninvestingintheirownstaff

16、Nuclearpower'sdangertohealth,safety,andevenlifeitselfcanbesummedupinoneword:radiation.

Nuclearradiationhasacertainmysteryaboutit,partlybecauseitcannotbedetectedbyhumansenses.Itcan'tbeseenorheard,ortouchedortasted,eventhoughitmaybeallaroundus.Thereareotherthingslikethat.Forexample,radiowavesareallaroundusbutwecan'tdetectthem,sensethem,withoutaradioreceiver.Similarly,wecan'tsenseradioactivitywithoutaradiationdetector.Butunlikecommonradiowaves,nuclearradiationisnotharmlesstohumanbeingsandotherlivingthings.

Atveryhighlevels,radiationcankillananimalorhumanbeingoutrightbykillingmassesofcellsinvitalorgans.Buteventhelowestlevelscandoseriousdamage.Thereisnolevelofradiationthatiscompletelysafe.Iftheradiationdoesnothitanythingimportant,thedamagemaynotbesignificant.Thisisthecasewhenonlyafewcellsarehit.Andiftheyarekilledoutright,yourbodywillreplacethedeadcellswithhealthyones.Butifthefewcellsareonlydamaged,andiftheyreproducethemselves,youmaybeintrouble.Theyreproducethemselvesinadeformedway.Theycangrowintocancer.Sometimesthisdoesnotshowupformanyyears.

Thisisanotherreasonforsomeofthemysteryaboutnuclearradiation.Seriousdamagecanbedonewithoutthevictimbeingawareatthetimethatdamagehasoccurred.Apersoncanheirradiatedandfeelfine,thendieofcancerfive,ten,ortwentyyearslaterasaresult.Orachildcanbebornweakorliabletoseriousillnessasaresultofradiationabsorbedbyitsgrandparents.

Radiationcanhurtus.Wemustknowthetruth.

Accordingtothepassage,thedangerofnuclearpowerliesin______.

A.nuclearmystery

B.radiationdetection

C.radiationlevel

D.nuclearradiation

17、

Radiationcancauseseriousconsequencesatthelowestlevel______.

A.whenitkillsfewcells

B.ifitdamagesthefewcells

C.thoughthedamagedcellscanrepairthemselves

D.unlessthedamagedcellscanreproducethemselves

18、

Theword"significant"inParagraph3mostprobablymeans______.

A.responsible

B.meaningful

C.fatal

D.harmful

19、

Radiationcanhurtusinthewaythatitcan______.

A．killlargenumbersofcellsinmainorganssoastocausedeathimmediately

B．damagecellswhichmaygrowintocanceryearslater

C．a(chǎn)ffectthehealthygrowthofouroffspring

D．a(chǎn)lloftheabove

20、

Whichofthefollowingcanbebestinferredfromthepassage?

A．Theimportanceofprotectionfromradiationcannotbeover-emphasized.

B．Themysteryaboutradiationremainsunsolved.

C．Cancerismainlycausedbyradiation.

D．Radiationcanhurtthosewhoarenotawareofitsdanger.

21、PartB(10points)

[A]Forexample,theUnitedStatesisamajorconsumerofcoffee,yetitdoesnothavetheclimatetogrowanyofitsown.Consequently,theUnitedStatesmustimportcoffeefromcountries(suchasBrazil,ColombiaandGuatemala)thatgrowcoffeeefficiently.Ontheotherhand,theUnitedStateshaslargeindustrialplantscapableofproducingavarietyofgoods,suchaschemicalsandairplanes,whichcanbesoldtonationsthatneedthem.Ifnationstradeditemforitem,suchasoneautomobilefor10,000bagsofcoffee,foreigntradewouldbeextremelycumbersomeandrestrictive.Soinsteadofbarter,whichisthetradeofgoodswithoutanexchangeofmoney,theUnitedStatesreceivesmoneyinpaymentforwhatitsells.ItpaysforBraziliancoffeewithdollars,whichBrazilcanthenusetobuywoolfromAustralia,whichinturncanbuytextilesfromGreatBritain,whichcanthenbuytobaccofromtheUnitedStates.

[B]Foreigntradealsooccursbecauseacountryoftendoesnothaveenoughofaparticularitemtomeetitsneeds.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesisamajorproducerofsugar,itconsumesmorethanitcanproduceinternallyandthusmustimportsugar.

[C]Foreigntrade,theexchangeofgoodsbetweennations,takesplaceformanyreasons.Thefirst,asmentionedaboveisthatnonationhasallofthecommoditiesthatitneeds.Rawmaterialsarescatteredaroundtheworld.LargedepositsofcopperareminedinPeruandZaire,diamondsareminedinSouthA