完形閱讀強化訓練三

#江蘇省淮陰中學2018屆高三第二學期英語練習強化訓練（三）編制：魏平校對：于陶I.完形填空Itwas5:45a.m.inMarch,andphysicianMichaelShannonwasdrivingalongtheCoastHighwaytomeetafriend.Ashe1towardDanaPointHarbor,ablanketofwhitesuddenly_2hissight.Atruckhadpulledontotheroadinfrontofhim.Thephysicianhadnotimeto3.“Irememberthesoundofbreakingglass,andtheneverything4.Iwassittingstill.”hesays.Shannonremainedconsciousduringthecrash.Hesensedsomethingburning.Buthewas5beneaththetwisteddashboard（儀表盤）.Helparrivedalmostimmediately;ateamfromtheOrangeCountyFireDepartmentwasonthesceneinlessthantwo6.Paramedic（護理人員）ChiisTrokeycouldseehow7itwas.ThewholefrontendoftheSUVwascrashedunderthebodyofthetruck.Hecouldseeasmallredflame,butheknewitcould8withinminutes.Themaninsidethevehicleappearedunusually9“Hewasn’tyelling,”saysTrokey.“Hewassaying,‘Getmeoutofhere.’”Thefiremen10theenginefireatonceandtheChevySuburbanwasfinallyopened.Ashesatwithhiminthebackoftheambulance,thecrashvictim'sname-MichaelShannon11hisattention.Theparamedic12,couldthisbethesamemanwhohadsavedhisownlife30yearsago?The13whosleptbyTrokey'ssideinthehospitaluntilhewaswellenoughtogohome?AsTrokeysatwithShannon,thefeelingof14grewstronger.InJune1986,ChrisTrokeyenteredtheworldtenweeksearlyandonlyhada50-50chanceof15.ItwasdoctorShannonwhohadgiventhebabyasecondlife.ChriscontinuedtobeShannon'spatientuntilhewasinhisteens.Now,30yearslater,ChrisTrokeystayedbyShannon'sside.“Doyouremembermeatall?YoustayedwithmewhenIwasreallylittle,”askedTrokey,ShannonrecognizedChrisatonce16Chrislookednothinglikethe17babyhehadoncebeen.Whata（n）18!Eachofthemsaysthisfeeling-ofhavingsomeoneenteryourlifeata19timeandwatchoveryouuntilyouarewell,ofgivingagiftwithout20andthengettingitbackwhenyouneeditmost-hasgivenhimfaithinahigherpower.1.A.headedB.walkedC.ranD.wandered2.A.lostB.interruptedC.skippedD.discovered3.A.replyB.remindC.reflectD.react4.A.leftB.movedC.returnedD.stopped5.A.pinnedB.foundC.hiddenD.packed6.A.secondsB.minutesC.hoursD.days7.A.urgentB.apparentC.practicalD.delicate8.A.disappearB.splitC.startD.explode9.A.worriedB.nervousC.calmD.angry10.A.gaveoutB.putoutC.sentoutD.broughtout11.A.focusedB.paidC.escapedD.caught12.A.realizedB.believedC.wonderedD.noticed13.A.parentB.nurseC.doctorD.driver14.A.recognitionB.satisfactionC.inspirationD.occupation15.A.assistanceB.survivalC.successD.ambition16.A.althoughB.whenC.becauseD.unless17.A.strongB.sacredC.fragileD.noble18.A.disasterB.accidentC.virtueD.coincidence19.A.perfectB.criticalC.spareD.given20.A.decorationsB.techniquesC.expectationsD.commentsII.閱讀理解ARobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry’sGDPmeasures“everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile.”WithBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawed(有缺陷的)concept.Itmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK’sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit(BritishexistingfromtheEU),despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry’seconomicprospects?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,thereareanumberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthisisn’tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesolemeasureofacountry’ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes—allthingsthatcontributetoaperson’ssenseofwell-being.ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.RobertF.Kennedyisquotedbecausehe.A.praisedtheUKforitsGDPB.identifiedGDPwithhappinessC.misinterpretedtheroleofGDPD.hadalowopinionofGDPItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that.theUKisreluctanttochangeitseconomicpatternGDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydisapprovedintheUKtheUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomypolicymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDPWhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttherecentannualstudy?A.Itissponsoredby163countries.B.ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.C.Itscriteriaarequestionable.D.Itsresultsareenlightening.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat.theUKispreparingforaneconomicboomhighGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdeclineitisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDPitrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissuesWhichofthefallowingisthebesttitleforthetext?HighGDPbutInadequateWell-being,aUKLessonGDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealthRobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDPBrexit,theUK’sGatewaytoWell-beingBAmerica’seducationsystemhasbecomelessaladderofopportunitythanastructuretotransmitinequalityfromonegenerationtothenext.That’swhyschoolreformissocritical.Thisisanissueofequality,opportunityandnationalconscience.It’snotjustabouteducation,butaboutpovertyandjustice.It’struethatthemainreasoninner-cityschoolsdopoorlyisn’tteachers’unions,butpoverty.Southernstateswithoutstrongteachers’unionshaveschoolsatleastasawfulasthoseinunionstates.SomeChicagoteachersseemtothinkthattheyshouldn’tbeheldaccountableuntilpovertyissolved.There’restepswecantakethatwouldmakesomedifference,andMayorRahmEmanuelistryingsomeofthem—yettheunionisresisting.I’dbesympatheticiftheunionfocusedsolelyonhighercompensation.Teachersneedtobemuchbetterpaidtoattractthebestcollegegraduatestothenation’sworstschools.But,instead,theChicagounionseemstobeusingitspoliticalcapitalprimarilytoprotectweakperformers.There’ssolidevidencethattherearehugedifferencesintheeffectivenessofteachers.ThegoldstandardstudybyHarvardandColumbiaUniversityscholarsfoundthateveninhigh-povertyschools,teachersconsistentlyhadahugepositiveornegativeimpact.Getabottom1%teacher,andtheeffectisthesameasifachildmisses40%oftheschoolyear.Getateacherfromthetop20%,andit’sasifachildhasgonetoschoolforanextramonthortwo.Thestudyfoundthatstrongteachersinthefourththrougheighthgradesraisedtheskillsoftheirstudentsinwaysthatwouldlastfordecades.Justhavingastrongteacherforoneelementaryyearleftpupilsabitlesslikelytobecomemothersasteenagers,abitmorelikelytogotocollegeandearningmoremoneyatage28.Howdoesonefigureoutwhoisaweakteacher?Yes,that’sachallenge.Butresearchersareimprovingsystemstomeasureateacher’sperformancethroughouttheyear,and,withthreeyearsofdata,it’susuallypossibletotellwhichteachersarefailing.Unfortunately,theunioninChicagoisinsistingthatteacherswhoarelaidoff—oftenforbeingineffective—shouldgetpriorityinnewhiring.That'saninsult（侮辱）tostudents.Teachingissoimportantthatitshouldbelikeotherprofessions,withhighpayandgoodworkingconditionsbutfewjobprotectionsforbottomperformers.Thisisn’tabattlebetweengarmentworkersandgreedybosses.ThecentralfiguresintheChicagoschoolsstrikeareneitherstrikersnormanagersbut350,000children.Protectingtheuniondemandsacrificesthosestudents,ineffectturningablindeyetotheinjusticeintheeducationsystem.WhatdowelearnaboutAmerica’seducationsystem?Itprovidesaladderofopportunityforthewealthy.Itcontributeslittletotheremovalofinequality.Ithasremainedbasicallyunchangedforgenerations.Ithasbroughtupgenerationsofresponsiblecitizens.Whatischieflyresponsiblefortheundesirableperformanceofinner-cityschools?Unqualifiedteachers.Lackoffinancialresources.Unfavorablelearningenvironment.Subconsciousracialdiscrimination.Whatdoestheauthorthinktheunionshoulddotowinpopularsupport?Assistthecitygovernmentinreformingschools.Giveconstructiveadvicetoinner-cityschools.Demandhigherpayforteachers.Helpteachersimproveteaching.WhatisthefindingofthegoldstandardstudybyHarvardandColumbiaUniversityscholars?Manyinner-cityschoolteachersarenotequaltotheirjobs.Alargeproportionofinner-citychildrenoftenmissclasses.Manystudentsaredissatisfiedwiththeirteachers.Students’performancehasalottodowithteachers.WhydoestheauthorsaytheChicagounions’demandisaninsulttostudents?Itprotectsincompetentteachersattheexpenseofstudents.Itunderestimatesstudents’abilitytotellgoodteachersfrompoorones.Itmakesstudentsfeelthattheyarediscriminatedagainstinmanyways.Ittotallyignoresstudents;initiativeinthelearningprocess.III.任務型閱讀ClimateChangeandOilierHumanActivitiesareAffectingSpeciesMigrationOneofthereasonsclimatechangeissuchanimportanttopicisthatitwillaffectthenaturalbiologicalsystems.Bothplantsandanimalswillhavetorespondtothechangingclimate.Insomecases,thismeansadaptingtohighertemperatures.Inothercases,thechangesmaybealterationsintherainfall,lengthofgrowingseason,availabilityofresources,orotherinfluences.Whilesomeanimalscanadapt,otherswillhavetomigrate.Obviouslymigrationcanbeapparentinmobileanimalsthatwillmovetomaintainamoreorlesssimilarclimatetowhichtheyareaccustomed.Butanimalandplantmovementdoesnotoccurinjustachangingclimate.Italsohastomakechangestothelandscapethathumanscreate.Forinstance,increasedlandallocationtoagricultureorurbanizationcancreatebarriersforfreemigration.So,whatscientistsreallywanttoknowishowthesetwofactorswillaffectthepatternsofanimalandplantmovement.Researchersinastudyprojectedchangesinthedistributionofclimaticallysuitablezonesforprojectedfutureclimates.Usingacomputermodel,theyprojectedhowandwhenthespecieswouldmigrateandtheytrackedthemigrationroutes.Thestudyincorporatedaresistancetomovementbasedontheamountofhumanalterationtothelandscape.Theanalysiswassimilartohowtheflowofelectronsthroughawirecircuitiscalculated.Infact,electroniccircuittheoryformedabasisforthecalculations.Fromtheiranalysis,theauthorsidentifiedseverallocationsinNorthandSouthAmericathatwillbecrucialforspeciesmovementinachangingclimate.LargemovementsareexpectedinthesoutheasternUS,theAmazonregion,andpartsofBrazil.Someoftheareaswheremigrationisexpectedhaveundamagedbiologicalregions.Others,inparticularthesoutheasternUSandBrazil,havepathwaysthatareheavilyimpactedbyhumanactivities,whichmaycreateabarriertothemigrationroutes.Inthestudy,theteamofscientistsfirstidentifiedwhattheycall“climaticallysuitable”conditionsforeachofthespeciesunderachangingclimatesituation.Theyplottedroutesforthespeciesfromareasthatwereprojectedtobeunsuitabletothesesuitableareas.Therouteswereplottedsothattheyavoidedthemostheavilyhuman-impactedregions.Theythenplottedthepathsonamapforeasyvisualization.Someconcreteandspecificexampleswereprovided.Theauthorshaveidentified14biologicalregionsandcalculatedtheaveraged