2023高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)構(gòu)想U(xiǎn)nit1Alandofdiversity課時(shí)作業(yè)新人教版選修8

PAGEPAGE2Unit1AlandofdiversityⅠ.閱讀理解A(2022·河北石家莊質(zhì)量檢測(cè)(二))TheAdlerPlanetariumChicagoishometomorethan35,000squarefeetofexhibits.FromhugemodelsoftheSolarSystem,toancientastronomicalinstruments,tointeractiveadventures,Adler'sexhibitgalleriesprovideapassagewayforyoutoexploretheuniverse.TheAdleralsooffersminiscienceexplorationactivitiesthatarequick10-minutelessons.Visitorscanlearnsomeinterestingastronomicalfactsatthesesmallactivitycarts.TheAdlerPlanetariumChicagoistheonlymuseumintheworldwithtwofull-sizeplanetariumtheaters.Since1930,thewonderofthestarshasbeenvisibleinthehistoricSkyTheater.Poweredbybrand-newDigistar3TMtechnology,theStarRiderTheaterisacompletelydigital,virtual(虛擬的)outerspaceenvironment.ThefamousZeissPlanetariumprojectorisabletoaccuratelyreproducethemovementofeveryaspectofthenightsky.Do'sandDon'ts：DoTaketheBus/Train:leavethecarathomeforthismuseumtrip.TheAdlerislocatedwithincloseproximitytopublictransit.Don'tMisstheDoaneObservatory:whenweatherpermits,theDoaneisopenattheAdlerforobservingwithits20-inchdiametertelescope.Don'tMissMuseumSpecialEvents:theAdleroffersasummercampforkidsfrommid-JunetoAugust.TicketPrice：Adult:$28;child:$22.Bookonlinenowtosave37%.RegularSchedule：Mon.—Fri.10a.m.—4p.m．；Sat.—Sun.10a.m.—430p.m.SummerHours:930a.m.—6p.m.daily.NearestTransit:RooseveltMetroStationAddress:1300SLakeShoreDr,Chicago,IL60605【解題導(dǎo)語】本文對(duì)芝加哥的阿德勒天文館進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)單的介紹，包含參觀時(shí)間、票價(jià)、交通等信息。1．What'sthemainfunctionoftheAdlerPlanetariumChicago?A.DisplayingthemodelsoftheSolarSystem.B.Sellingancientastronomicalinstruments.C.Offeringapassagewaytoexploretheuniverse.D.Giving10-minutelessonstovisitors.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段的“Fvideapassagewayforyoutoexploretheuniverse〞可知，阿德勒天文館給游客提供了探索太空的途徑，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。2．WhatcanvisitorslearnintheStarRiderTheater?A.ThehistoryoftheAdlerPlanetariumChicago.B.Thewonderoftheinteractiveadventures.C.ThecomplicatedDigistar3TMtechnology.D.Themovementofthestarsinthenightsky.答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第二段的最后兩句可知，游客在這里能了解到星星在夜空中的運(yùn)動(dòng)，因此選D。3．IfyouwanttotrytheDoaneObservatory,you'dbetter________.A.driveyourprivatecarB.considerweatherconditionsC.buyatelescopeinadvanceD.jointheAdler'ssummercamp答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)“Don'tMisstheDoaneObservatory:whenweatherpermits...〞可知，選B。4．HowmuchwillacoupleandtwokidsatleastspendtovisittheAdler?A.$37.B.$63.C.$72.D.$100.答案與解析：B考查數(shù)字計(jì)算。依據(jù)TicketPrice局部可知，成年人每人28美元，兒童22美元，一對(duì)夫婦和兩個(gè)孩子那么是(28×2)＋(22×2)＝100，如果在網(wǎng)上訂，那么會(huì)在總價(jià)的根底上優(yōu)惠37%，即至少為63美元，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。B(2022·湖北武漢調(diào)研測(cè)試)In1885,theRepublicofFrance,importantfriendduringtheAmericanRevolution,donatedthestatue,LibertyEnlighteningtheWorld,totheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thestatuewouldcelebrateitscenturyofindependence.Toshipit,thestatuewasbrokendowninto350pieces.Andnow,spreadacrossBedloe'sIslandinNewYorkHarbour,itsatin214woodenpackingboxes.TheproblemwasthatNewYorkhadnomoneytoreassembleit.Sixothercities,lessaffectedbytheeconomicdecline,hadthemoneyandbidtobuildit.ButaHungarianimmigrant,JosephPulitzer,theownerofAmerica'snewspapercalledTheWorld,wouldn'tlet“Liberty〞go.WhenheheardthattheStatueofLibertywasabouttodiefromlackoffunds,hesawhischance.Pulitzersetthefund-raisinggoalofTheWorldat$100,000.Initspageshelaughedattherich,thusincreasingthepaper'sappealamongworking-classpeople,andfirmlyplantedtheideathatthestatuewasamonumentnotjustforNewYorkCitybut,indeed,forallofAmerica.PerhapsPulitzer'scleveresttrickwasthepromisetopublishthenameofeverysinglecontributorinthepagesofTheWorld,nomatterhowsmallthecontribution.Theeditorialthatopenedthefund-raisingcampaignsetitstone.Hewrote:“TheWorldisthepeople'spaperanditnowappealstothepeopletocomeforwardandraisethemoneyforthestatue'sbase.〞“Thestatue，〞hesaid,“ispaidforbythemassesoftheFrenchpeople.Letusrespondinlikemanner.〞ThecirculationofTheWorldincreasedbyalmost50,000copies.AfricanAmericannewspapersjoinedintheeffort,encouragingtheirreaderstocontributetoamonumentthatwould,inpart,celebratetheendofslavery.Sothemoneypouredinassingle-dollardonationsfromgrandmothersandpenniesfromthepiggybanksofschoolchildren.OnAugust11,1885,thefrontpageofTheWorldannounced,“ONEHUNDREDTHOUSANDDOLLARS！〞Thegoalhadbeenreached,evenslightlybeyond,thankstomorethan120,000contributions.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，表達(dá)了美國自由女神像的故事。自由女神像是法國為紀(jì)念美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間的美法聯(lián)盟贈(zèng)送給美國的禮物，為便于運(yùn)輸，它被拆成350塊，可是紐約無錢組裝，Pulizer通過他的?世界?報(bào)最終為自由女神像的組裝籌集到了資金。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reassemble〞(Para.1)probablymean?A.Puttogether.B.Takeapart.C.Transport.D.Repair.答案與解析：A考查詞義猜想。根據(jù)第一段的第三句“Toshipit,thestatuewasbrokendowninto350pieces〞可知，為了船運(yùn)，雕像被拆成350塊；據(jù)此可以判斷，紐約沒有錢將這些碎片重新組裝起來。故畫線詞意為“組裝〞，A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“拆開〞，C項(xiàng)意為“運(yùn)輸〞，D項(xiàng)意為“修理〞，都與語境不符。6．WhichofthefollowingwasthegreatestmoveinJosephPulitzer'ssuccess?A.Attackingtherichpeople.B.Celebratingtheendofslavery.C.Printingeverycontributor'snameinTheWorld.D.Persuadingchildrentodonatetheirpocketmoney.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段的第一句“PerhapsPulitzer'scleveresttrickwasthepromisetopublishthenameofeverysinglecontributorinthepagesofTheWorld,nomatterhowsmallthecontribution〞并結(jié)合下文的表達(dá)可知，將捐贈(zèng)者的姓名印在?世界?報(bào)上是募捐成功的關(guān)鍵，故C項(xiàng)正確。7．WhatdidJosephPulitzertrytoconveytohisreadersabouttheStatueofLiberty?A.Itwasasymbolofindependence.B.ItwasamonumentforthewholeUSA.C.Itwasawonderinthebuildinghistory.D.ItwasafavorfromtherichFrenchpeople.答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“thestatuewasamonumentnotjustforNewYorkCitybut,indeed,forallofAmerica〞可知，Pulitzer向他的讀者傳遞了這樣的信息：自由女神像不僅僅屬于紐約，還屬于全美國，故B項(xiàng)正確。8．WhatwasthemainpurposeofJosephPulitzer'sefforts?A.ToprotecttheStatueofLiberty.B.Towinworking-classreadersover.C.Toexpandthecirculationofhispaper.D.ToraisemoneyfortheStatueofLiberty.答案與解析：D考查目的意圖。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“Pulitzersetthefund-raisinggoalofTheWorldat$100,000〞并結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，Pulitzer想通過他的?世界?報(bào)為組裝自由女神像籌集到十萬美元；據(jù)此可以判斷，Pulitzer努力的目的是為自由女神像籌錢，故D項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.完形填空(2022·煙臺(tái)3月診斷)MyteacherorganizedasecretChristmasgiftexchange.Wewere__1__toopenourgiftsinfrontofourclassmatesand__2__thenameofthegiftgiver,whowouldstandupandbeapplauded.Everykidtore__3__afancypackagecontaininganewtoy.Thenitwasmy__4__.Theteacherhandedmesomethingwrapped(包裹)inusedpaper.Itwassowrinkledthatthecolorshad__5__.Witheveryonewatching,Iremovedthepaperand__6__acheapbookwithtornanddirtypages.Insidewasahandwritten__7__showingthegirlwhogavemethebook.WhenIannouncedhername,myclassmatesstarted__8__.Hergiftwasanotherindicationofhow__9__thisgirlwasfromtherestofus.She'darrivelateto__10__，herhairwetandmessy.Shedidn'thavefriends,andthepopularstudentsmadefunofherbecauseshewore__11__clothesandshoes.OnlylaterinlifedidIunderstandthatshe__12__camefromaterriblypoorfamily.Astheclasslaughed,this8-year-oldgirl__13__herheadtohidehertears.ButIwas__14__thattheotherkidswouldthinkthatthisgirlandIwere__15__.OnlyyearslaterdidIrealizethatwhatIdidnextwasunforgivable－I__16__thebookinthegarbage!Monthslater,thegirl__17__school.Ineversawheragain.Ihaveforgottenthe__18__ofmanyofmyoldclassmates,butnothers.ForsomanyyearsIhavebeentryingto__19__intouchwithher,butIhaven'thadanynewsaboutheryet.Ioweherasincere__20__andIexpectIwillhavesuchachancesomeday.【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文，主要描述“我〞孩提時(shí)代的一件事。當(dāng)時(shí)老師組織一次秘密的圣誕節(jié)交換禮物活動(dòng)，并要求“我們〞當(dāng)眾翻開禮物，向全班同學(xué)宣布贈(zèng)送禮物的人的名字。當(dāng)“我〞翻開一個(gè)破舊的禮物盒時(shí)，才得知是班上一個(gè)貧困的女孩贈(zèng)送的，因害怕其他同學(xué)認(rèn)為“我〞和這個(gè)女孩是朋友，“我〞直接把她的禮物扔進(jìn)了垃圾桶……多年以來，“我〞一直對(duì)此事心懷愧疚，希望有一天能聯(lián)系到她，并向她表示誠摯的歉意。1．A.warnedB．forbiddenC．forcedD．instructed解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由第二段最后一句“Witheveryonewatching,Iremovedthepaper...〞可知，此處是指老師命令“我們〞在全班同學(xué)面前翻開禮物。A項(xiàng)意為“警告〞；B項(xiàng)意為“禁止〞；C項(xiàng)意為“強(qiáng)迫〞；D項(xiàng)意為“命令，指示，教導(dǎo)〞。應(yīng)選D。答案：D2．A.announceB．spellC．findD．change解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由第三段第二句“WhenIannouncedhername...〞可知，此處指當(dāng)著全班同學(xué)的面宣布贈(zèng)送禮物的人的名字。應(yīng)選A。答案：A3．A.overB．offC．openD．out解析：考查詞義辨析。由上文中“Wewere________toopenourgifts〞可知，此處指每個(gè)孩子都拆開裝有一個(gè)新玩具的精致的包裹。tearopen意為“拆開〞，符合語境。應(yīng)選C。答案：C4．A.workB．turnC．luckD．program解析：考查名詞辨析。由下文中“Theteacherhandedmesomethingwrapped(包裹)inusedpaper.〞可知，此處指輪到“我〞拆開禮物。A項(xiàng)意為“工作〞；B項(xiàng)意為“(依次輪到的)時(shí)機(jī)〞；C項(xiàng)意為“好運(yùn)〞；D項(xiàng)意為“節(jié)目〞。應(yīng)選B。答案：B5．A.diedB．fadedC．failedD．dropped解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由上文“inusedpaper〞及“wrinkled〞可知，此處是指包裝紙都已經(jīng)褪色了。A項(xiàng)意為“死亡〞；B項(xiàng)意為“褪色，凋謝，逐漸消失〞；C項(xiàng)意為“失敗〞；D項(xiàng)意為“下降〞。應(yīng)選B。答案：B6．A.metwithB．showedoffC．turnedonD．pulledout解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意為：在所有人的注視下，我撕去包裝紙，取出一本廉價(jià)的又舊又臟的書。A項(xiàng)意為“遇到〞；B項(xiàng)意為“炫耀，賣弄〞；C項(xiàng)意為“翻開〞；D項(xiàng)意為“取出，拔出，抽出〞。應(yīng)選D。答案：D7．A.bookB．novelC．noteD．text解析：考查名詞辨析。由下文“showingthegirlwhogavemethebook〞可知，此處指書里面有一張手寫的便條，寫明了送給“我〞這本書的人是誰。A項(xiàng)意為“書〞；B項(xiàng)意為“小說〞；C項(xiàng)意為“便條〞；D項(xiàng)意為“課文〞。應(yīng)選C。答案：C8．A.shoutingB．laughingC．a(chǎn)pplaudingD．discussing解析：考查動(dòng)詞辨析。由下文第四段第一句“Astheclasslaughed...〞可知，當(dāng)“我〞念出女孩的名字時(shí)，同學(xué)們都開始大聲地笑。應(yīng)選B。答案：B9．A.beautifulB．carelessC．lazyD．different解析：考查形容詞辨析。其他同學(xué)都收到了精美的禮物，而“我〞只收到了這個(gè)女孩送的一本又舊又臟的廉價(jià)書，所以女孩的禮物顯示她和“我們〞其他人很不同。bedifferentfrom為固定短語，意為“與……不同〞，符合語境。應(yīng)選D。答案：D10．A.classB．officeC．homeD．store解析：考查名詞辨析。由文章內(nèi)容可知，女孩是“我〞的同學(xué)，所以此處指她總是上學(xué)遲到。應(yīng)選A。答案：A11．A.goodB．oldC．dryD．new解析：考查形容詞辨析。由下文中的“...camefromaterriblypoorfamily.〞可知，同學(xué)們嘲笑她是因?yàn)樗┲婆f的衣服和鞋子。應(yīng)選B。答案：B12．A.usuallyB．secretlyC．obviouslyD．suddenly解析：考查副詞辨析。由上文女孩送給“我〞的破舊禮物以及她的穿著可知，此處指女孩顯然來自一