2023年全國乙卷英語高考真題與答案解析

第第頁2023年全國乙卷英語高考真題與答案解析2023年全國乙卷英語高考真題與答案解析

第一節(jié)(共5小題;每題1.5分，總分7.5分)

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最正確選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.?19.15.B.?9.18.C.?9.15.

答案是C。

1.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Havebreakfast.B.Takeawalk.C.Callhisoffice.

2.WhatwasGeorgedoinglastnight?

A.Havingameeting.B.Flyinghome.C.Workingonaproject.

3.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?

A.Itsbig.B.Itsquiet.C.Itsnew.

4.Howdoesthewomansound?

A.Annoyed.B.Pleased.C.Puzzled.

5.Whereisthemanstable?

A.Nearthedoor.B.Bythewindow.C.Inthecorner.

其次節(jié)(共15小題;每題1.5分，總分22.5分)

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最正確選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotonight?

A.Eatout.B.Goshopping.C.Dosports.

7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Bossandsecretary.B.Hostessandguest.C.Husbandandwife.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.WhydoesthewomanthinkJulyisthebesttimetomove?

A.Theirbusinessisslow.B.Theweatherisfavorable.C.Itseasytohirepeople.

9.Howwilltheyhandlethemoving?

A.Finishitallatonce.B.Havethesalessectiongofirst.C.Doonedepartmentatatime.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10.WhatdidPeterlearnfromhisgrandfather?

A.Howtoappreciateartworks.B.Howtodealwithartists.C.Howtorunamuseum.

11.WhatdidPeterdoinChicago?

A.Hestudiedatacollege.B.Heservedinthearmy.C.Heworkedinagallery.

12.WhoseworksdidPeterlikebest?

A.Rembrandts.B.Botticellis.C.Rubens.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Atalibrary.B.Inalawfirm.C.Onatrain.

14.BywhattimedidJohnplantofinishhistermpaper?

A.March.B.August.C.October.

15.WhydidJohnquithispart-timejob?

A.Hehadtocatchupwithhisstudy.B.Hewasofferedabetterone.C.Hegottiredofit.

16.WhatisSusansattitudetoJohnsproblem?

A.Carefree.B.Understanding.C.Forgiving.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17.Whatdidthespeakerdobeforetheyear2023?

A.Afitnesscoach.B.Achessplayer.C.Amarathonrunner.

18.Whywasthe2023Olympicsimportantforthespeaker?

A.HewasmotivatedbyBolt.B.Hebrokeaworldrecord.C.Hewonfifthplace.

19.Whichisthehardestforthespeaker?

A.Gettingoveraninjury.B.Doingstrengthtraining.C.RepresentingBotswana.

20.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?

A.Hisplantogoforthegold.

B.Hisexperienceonthetrack.

C.Hisloveforhishomecountry.

其次部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，總分40分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題;每題2分，總分30分)

閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最正確選項。

A

HenryRaeburn(1756-1823)

TheExhibition

ThisexhibitionofsomesixtymasterpiecescelebratingthelifeandworkofScotlandsbestlovedpainter,SirHenryRaeburn,comestoLondon.Selectedfromcollectionsthroughouttheworld,itisthefirstmajorexhibitionofhisworktobeheldinoverfortyyears.

LectureSeries

ScottishNationalPortrait(肖像畫)Gallerypresentsaseriesoflecturesforthegeneralpublic.TheyareheldintheLectureRoom.Admissiontolecturesisfree.

AnIntroductiontoRaeburn

Sunday26Oct.,15.00

DUNCANTHOMSON

RaeburnsEnglishContemporaries

Thursday30Oct.,13.10

JUDYEGERTON

CharactersandCharacterisationin

RaeburnsPortraits

Thursday6Nov.,13.10

NICHOLASPHILLIPSON

RaeburnandArtistsTraininginthe

18thCentury

Thursday13Nov.,13.10

MARTINPOSTLE

ExhibitionTimes

Monday-Saturday10.00-17.45Sunday12.00-17.45

Lastadmissiontotheexhibition:17.15.Thereisnore-admission.

Closed:24-26Decemberand1January.

Admission

?4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.

SchoolsandColleges

Aspeciallowentrancechargeoff2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.

21.WhatistherighttimeforattendingRaeburnsEnglishContemporaries?

A.Sun.26Oct.B.Thurs.30Oct.C.Thurs.6Nov.D.Thurs.13Nov.

22.Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?

A.?4.B.?8.C.?12.D.?16.

23.Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?

A.TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B.Theyshouldcomefromartschools.

C.Theymustbeledbyteachers.D.TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.

B

In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.—DorothyWoodruffandRosamondUnderwood—traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-roomschoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthesubjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruffsgranddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhadundertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveattheschoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickendensbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluencedthegirlsdecisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed(牽涉)drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothysreturntoAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism(堅忍)ofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:Whenthesunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarkedonlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.

24.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?

A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.

C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.

25.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

C.Theylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

26.WhichpartofWickendenswritingishair-raising?

A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.

C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.

27.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildrensstory.D.Adiaryentry.

C

Canasmallgroupofdrones(無人機)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtodayseyesintheskytechnologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.

Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.Themoreregularlytheycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.Costswouldbecutandoperationswouldbemoreefficient(高效)acrosstheboard.

Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety.ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.Thatcanbedangerousworkthatcouldbeavoidedwithdronesassistingthecrewsefforts.

Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildontneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture.Theywillbemovingonthetrackaheadofthetrain,andprogrammedtorunautonomously.VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco-pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.

28.Whatmakestheapplicationofdronestoraillinespossible?

A.Theuseofdronesincheckingonpowerlines.B.Dronesabilitytoworkathighaltitudes.

C.Thereductionofcostindesigningdrones.D.Dronesreliableperformanceinremoteareas.

29.Whatdoesmaintenanceunderlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.Personnelsafety.B.Assistancefromdrones.

C.Inspectionandrepair.D.Constructionofinfrastructure.

30.Whatfunctionisexpectedoftheraildrones?

A.Toprovideearlywarning.B.Tomaketrainsrunautomatically.

C.Toearnprofitsforthecrews.D.Toacceleratetransportation.

31.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A.WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDrones

B.HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpanded

C.WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFace

D.HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways

D

TheGovernmentssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.

FirstannouncedinApril,2023,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity(肥胖).Itisbelievedthattodayschildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestherecommendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.

Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake?520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate?240mfortheyearendinginApril2023,whichwillgotoschoolsports.

Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers(制造商)sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturerseffortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkscompanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.

However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk-baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.

Todaysfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities(設(shè)施)andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.

32.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?

A.Tocollectmoneyforschools.B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.

C.Toprotectchildrenshealth.D.Toencourageresearchineducation.

33.Howdidsomedrinkscompaniesrespondtothesugartax?

A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets.B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.

C.Theycutdownontheirproduction.D.Theyreducedtheirproductssugarcontent.

34.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?

A.Mostalcoholicdrinks.B.Milk-baseddrinks.C.Fruitjuices.D.ClassicCoke.

35.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?

A.Itisashort-sighteddecision.B.Itisasuccessstory.

C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers.D.Itupsetscustomers.

其次節(jié)(共5小題;每題2分，總分10分)

依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Friendshipneedscareandattentiontokeepitingoodhealth.Herearefivewaystosustain(保持)long-distancefriendships.

·Setaregulardate

Long-lastingfriendshipssharethecharacteristicthatbothsidesequallycontact(聯(lián)系)andsharewithoneanother.Withbusyschedules,squeezinginphonecallscanbeachallenge.36

·Moreisntalwaysmerrier

Makesureyouhavecommunicatedwithyourfriendabouthowfrequentlyeachofyouwantstobecontactedandwhatmethodworksbestforyouboth.37.Therearealternativestoconstantwrittencommunication,suchasleavingvoicemessagesorhavingagroupchat.

·Practiseempathy(共情)

38.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.

·39

Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible,extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriendsbirthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.

·Dontrelyontechnologyalone

40,butlong-distancefriendships-evencloseones-mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain.Trytoseekoutchancestorenewfriendships.Howtodoit?Justspendface-to-facetimetogetherwheneverpossible.

A.Rememberimportantdates

B.Compensatebywritingletters

C.Itisalsohelpfulforyoutobeafriendshipkeeper

D.Trytofindatimethatworksforbothofyouandsticktoit

E.Friendsneedtotalkabouttheirpreferredmethodsofcommunication

F.Itiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmedia

G.Youmaybethefriendwholeftortheonewhowasleftbehind

語言學(xué)問運用(共兩節(jié)，總分45分)

第一節(jié)(共20小題;每題1.5分，總分30分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項。

Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,theressomethinghighlyexcitingabout41someoneelsesglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44asevidencethatchildrenarehopelesslyegocentric(自我中心的)creatures.Butour45researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology46thatidea.

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47satdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldnt.Thesame50happenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:51childrensaidthattheycouldnt52toher.

Anumberof53ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresultswereclear:Ouryoungsubjects54thequestionsandknew55whatwasaskedofthem.Their56tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue57thatIcanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too.Theysimply58mutual(互相的)recognitionandregard.Our59suggestwhenachildhidesbyputtingablanketoverherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod60whenothersuseit.

41.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directing

42.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quick

43.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.imbalanced

44.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.interpreted

45.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desired

46.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.tested

47.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor

48.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears

49.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool

50.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.accident

51.A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.Once

52.A.speakB.listenC.tumD.wave

53.A.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.assumptions

54.A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored

55.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly

56.A.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.sensitivity

57.A.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.purpose

58.A.holdbackB.relatetoC.insistonD.makeup

59.A.limitationsB.requirementsC.theoriesD.findings

60.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.effective

其次節(jié)(共10小題;每題1.5分，總分15分)

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially61theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2023.Tocelebrate62festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.

ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety63(address)theopeningceremony.AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe64(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasa65(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha66(share)futureformankind,hesaid.

TheFirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiativeissued(發(fā)布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation67culturalexchanges.Afour-yearteapromotion—TeaRoadCooperativePlan—wasalsoissuedinaccordancewiththeinitiative.

68(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,69(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.

TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening70(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPuerTea.

第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，總分35分)

第一節(jié)，短文改錯(共10小題;每題1分，總分10分)

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改〔作文〕，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(^)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

留意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞;

2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

Weallknowthatcyclingisagreatlyexercise.Adoctortellsmepeople

wholivesthelongestaredancersandcyclists.Maybeitisbecausethe

combinationoffreshair,smoothmovementandexercise.Whetheryouride

abicycle,youdontusepetrol.Sotheyarenotproducingcarbondioxide

andnotcauseairpollution.Justseehowcarshavebeentakenoverourcities.

Theyoftenrunathighspeeds,whatmayputourlivesindanger.Andtherewere

trafficjams,too.Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.

其次節(jié)書面表達(dá)(總分