為鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新和解決問題設(shè)置“挑戰(zhàn)獎(jiǎng)”等2則外刊閱讀與訓(xùn)練-高三英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

外刊精讀為鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新和解決問題設(shè)置“挑戰(zhàn)獎(jiǎng)”導(dǎo)讀：當(dāng)你遇到困難的時(shí)候，會(huì)怎么辦？找專家？問朋友？或者你會(huì)找陌生人來幫你解決問題，你付錢給他們作為回報(bào)？這正是“挑戰(zhàn)獎(jiǎng)”背后的初衷。近來，“挑戰(zhàn)獎(jiǎng)”這個(gè)概念再次受到人們的歡迎。跟隨本集《外刊精讀》，了解“挑戰(zhàn)獎(jiǎng)”的由來和人們利用它的原由。一、語篇泛讀Vocabulary:Innovationandproblem-solving詞匯:創(chuàng)新和解決問題Whatdoyoudowhenyouhaveaproblem?Doyougotoanexpert,askyourfriendsto

comeupwith

anidea?Or,giventhechance,wouldyouaskacrowdofstrangersfora

solution?Itmaysoundstrange,butithas

spurred

morethanafewsuccessful

innovations.That’sthethinkingbehinda'challengeprize'.Challengeprizescomeinmanyshapesandsizesbutthebasic

concept

remainsthesame.Ratherthanconsultingandpayinganexpertto

innovate

asolution,youoffertheprizeuptoanyonewhobelievestheycan

solve

itandpresentthefirsttodosowithaprize.Thismightsoundodd-manywouldargue,'Whoisbetterqualifiedthananexpert?'Butactually,notusingoneseemstoresultinagreatdealof

thinkingoutside

of

thebox.Somearguethatformaleducationcankillcreativitybecauseitsometimesonlyteachesasinglesolutiontoaproblemorsinglemethodtoachieveatask.Inthesameway,somesuggestthatexpertscansufferfrom

tunnelvision."IfwelaunchanXPRIZEandit'sjustthe'experts'thatcomeoutandcompete,they'reusuallytheonesthatwilltellusitcan'tbedone."saysMarcusShingles,formerCEOoftheXPRIZEFoundation,whichorganiseschallengeprizestoday.Thereareotheradvantagestoo."You'renotaskingpeopletouseaparticularsolutionsetonhowtosolvethatproblem.Soyougetthistremendousamountofdiversity."addsShingles.Andbecausethecrowdactslikeanimpromptu

thinktank,its

lateralthinking

can

throwupissues

thatmayhavebeen

overlooked.Challengeprizesweremostpopularduringthe18th

and19th

centuries,buthavereceivedrenewedinterestmorerecently.Historically,manypractical

inventions

havebeen

conceived

inthisway–forexample,thetincan.Morerecently,VirginGalactic,acompanyhopingtocommercialisespaceflight,developedoutoftheAnsariXPRIZE2004winnerTierOne.TheysuccessfullylaunchedareusablespacecraftthatlefttheEarth'satmospheretwiceintwoweeks.Theprizewas$10m.However,therearedangersconnectedto

blue-skythinking."Youdon'twanttobecreatingachallengeprizewhichincentivisespeopletosolveaproblemwherethereisnodemand,"saysTrisDyson,executivedirectorofchallengeprizesatNesta,aUK-basedinnovationfoundation.Thishappenedin1979whereaKremerprizeof￡100,000wasclaimedbythefirstpersontoflyunderhumanpoweracrosstheEnglishChannel.Despiteitssuccessfulcompletion,ithasnotledtotheadoptionofhuman-poweredflightasaformoftravel.Andofcourse,therearethosewhoinvesttheirpersonaltimeandmoneyonlytoseenoreturnatall:someoneelseclaimstheprize,ortheyfindthattherewarddoesnotmatchtheresourcestheyinvested.Theprosandconsofchallengeprizesaffectbothproblem-settersand

problem-solvers.Buttheydon’tseemtobegoingoutofstyleanytimesoon.Tomany,thechallengetoinnovate,thelureoftheprizeandtheprestigeofbeingfirstistoomuchtoresist.Andthere’snosolutionforthat.二、詞匯表comeupwith想出，提出

solution解決辦法

spurinnovation激發(fā)創(chuàng)新

concept概念

innovate創(chuàng)新（解決方案）

solve解決

thinkoutsidethebox以新眼光看問題，跳出傳統(tǒng)的思維框框

tunnelvision視野狹隘，井底之蛙

thinktank智囊團(tuán)

lateralthinking橫向思維

throwupissues拋出問題

overlook忽略，忽視

invention創(chuàng)造，發(fā)明

conceive構(gòu)想出

blue-skythinking“藍(lán)天思考”，不著邊際的想法

problem-solver善于解決問題的人三、測(cè)試與練習(xí)

閱讀課文并回答問題。1.Whatisthebasicideabehindachallengeprize?2.AccordingtoMarcusShingles,whatcanbetheproblemwith‘experts’?3.Trueorfalse:

Challengeprizeshavebecomepopularonlyrecently.4.AccordingtoTrisDyson,whatisthedangerofchallengeprizes?5.Whichwordinthetextmeans‘notplannedorprepared’?請(qǐng)?jiān)诓粎⒖颊n文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。1.It'sagoodideabutIdon'tthinkitwillbecost-effectivetomakesoweallneedto_________andcomeupwithanewplan.thinking

blue-sky

thinkoutsidethebox

lateralthinking

tunnelvision2.Youhave30minutesto______theanswer.Youmaybeginyourexam,now.innovation

concept

overlook

comeupwith3.Abstract______suchasfamily,freedomanddutyvaryfromculturetoculture.concepts

inventions

innovations

problem-solver4.Itwasonlyoncewehadimplementedthesolutionthatit______wehadn'tanticipated.spurredinnovation

threwupissues

conceived

overlooked5.Itwasonlyoncewehadimplementedthesolutionthatraiseddifficultieswehad______.invented

overlooked

solved

conceived【參考答案】

閱讀課文并回答問題。1.Whatisthebasicideabehindachallengeprize?

Youofferaproblemuptoeveryonewhobelievestheycansolveitandpresentthefirsttodosowithaprize.2.AccordingtoMarcusShingles,whatcanbetheproblemwith'experts'?

Theexpertsareusuallytheoneswhosaythatthereisnosolutiontoaproblemorthatitcan'tbedone.3.Trueorfalse:

Challengeprizeshavebecomepopularonlyrecently.

False.Challengeprizesweremostpopularduringthe18thand19thcenturies,buthavereceivedrenewedinterestmorerecently.4.AccordingtoTrisDyson,whatisthedangerofchallengeprizes?

AccordingtoTrisDyson,creatingachallengeprizeincentivisespeopletosolveaproblemwherethereisnodemand.5.Whichwordinthetextmeans‘notplannedorprepared’?

Impromptu.(Thecrowdactslikeanimpromptuthinktank.)

請(qǐng)?jiān)诓粎⒖颊n文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。1.

It'sagoodideabutIdon'tthinkitwillbecost-effectivetomakesoweallneedto

think

outsidethebox

andcomeupwithanewplan.2.Youhave30minutesto

comeupwith

theanswer.Youmaybeginyourexam,now.3.Abstract

concepts

suchasfamily,freedomanddutyvaryfromculturetoculture.4.Itwasonlyoncewehadimplementedthesolutionthatit

threwupissues

wehadn'tanticipated.5.Itwasonlyoncewehadimplementedthesolutionthatraiseddifficultieswehad

overlooked.我們才不稀罕甜食呢！導(dǎo)讀：不管你是不是甜品愛好者，都無法避免攝入日常飲食中所含的糖分。這是因?yàn)楹芏嗍澄锖惋嬃鲜呛堑?。盡管人們都知道過度攝入糖類有害健康，但這并沒有阻止一些人大量且無節(jié)制地吃甜食，從而患上肥胖、糖尿病和齲齒等疾病。本集《外刊精讀》討論對(duì)食品征收“糖稅sugartax”能否扼制人們購(gòu)買甜食或甜飲料的欲望。一、語篇泛讀Vocabulary:health詞匯:健康There'snodoubtthatIhavea

sweettooth

–I

crave

cakesandbiscuitsandcouldhappilyfinishoffabarofchocolateinminutes.I'msureI'mnotalone,thesweetsugarytasteisaddictivebutthebigquestionis,isitbadforme?IthinkIknowtheanswer!Sugariseverywhere.Evenifsweetstuffisn'tyourthingit'shardtoavoid.IntheUK,we

consume

overtwomilliontonnesofsugareveryyearbutoftenwedon’tknowwe’reeatingit.Therehavebeenmany

healthcampaigns,tellingusaboutthedangersofconsumingtoomuchsugarandwehaveprobablylearntthatitshouldbeeaten

inmoderation

butwemaybeunawareoftheaddedsugarweconsumethat'sfoundinthefoodanddrinkwethinkofashealthyor

savory,suchaslow-fatyoghurtandsauces.Theobviousnegativeeffectofeatingsugarisonour

dentalhealth

–

toothdecay

isabigprobleminchildren,partlycausedbydrinkingtoomanysugarydrinks.PublicHealthEnglandclaimsachildinEnglandhasatoothremovedinhospitalevery10minutesdueto

preventable

decay.Butevenifyoucanescapethedentist'sdrill,therearemoreworryingnegativeeffects-repeatedlyeatingtoomuchsugarcanleadtoweightgainandeven

obesity,leadingtoanincreasedriskof

diabetes,

heartdisease

and

liverdisease.Sowhatcanwedotocutdownonoursugarintake?Well,thereare

low-sugarrecipes

youcantryandapparentlytherearealternativefoodstohelpusbeatthesweetcravings.Butpotentiallythemosteffectivemethodistotaxthesugarweconsume.It'swhatseveralcountrieshavebeendoingforawhileandtheUKhasrecently

jumpedonthebandwagon,byforcingmanufacturerstopaya

levy

onthehigh-sugardrinkstheysell.It'suptothemanufacturersiftheypassthecostontoconsumers.Butwillitwork?UniversityofBedfordshirenutritionexpertDrDanielBaileytoldBBCOnlinethat:"Theincreaseintaxplacedonsoftdrinkswillmakeproductsmoreexpensive,butwillthisactually

discourage

peoplefrombuyingthem?"Maybeifyou'readdictedtothestuff,you'dacceptpayingmoretobuyit.ButintheUKatleast,several

softdrinks

companieshavealreadyreducedthesugarcontentoftheirproductstoavoidthetax.Obviouslyit'sbettertodosomethingratherthannothingtohelpimprovethe

well-being

ofeveryone.Butwithsomany

temptations

outthere,I'mnotsurehoweasyitwillbetocuremysweettooth.二、詞匯表sweettooth對(duì)甜食的渴望、喜愛

crave渴求

consume（正式）消耗，大量地吃

healthcampaign健康宣傳活動(dòng)

inmoderation適度

savoury咸的

dentalhealth牙齒健康

toothdecay蛀牙，齲齒

preventable可預(yù)防的

obesity肥胖

diabetes糖尿病

heartdisease心臟疾病

liverdisease

肝病

low-sugarrecipe低糖食譜

jumpedonthebandwagon緊跟潮流

levy稅款

discourage打消…的念頭

softdrink汽水，軟飲料

well-being安康

temptation誘惑三、測(cè)試與練習(xí)閱讀課文并回答問題。1.Trueorfalse?

Savouryfoodissugar-free.2.Whatisremovedfromchildrenevery10minutesinEngland?3.Whyhavesomedrinksmanufacturersreducedthesugarcontentintheirdrinks?4.Whyarehigh-sugardrinksintheUKbecomingmoreexpensive?5.Whattemptationsistheauthorreferringtointhelastsentence?請(qǐng)?jiān)诓粎⒖颊n文的情況下完成下列練習(xí)。選擇一個(gè)意思合適的單詞填入句子的空格處。1.WhenIwaspregnantIusedto______orangesbutnowmybabyisborn,Ican'teatthem!levy

crave

discourage

temptations2.Somedoctorssaythatdrinkingredwine

______couldactuallybegoodforyourhealth.onmoderation

inmoderning

inmoderation

atmoderation3.Alarge

______onalcoholseemstobeencouragingpeopletodrinkless.levy

discourage

preventable

healthcampaign4.Onceourclassstartedrecyclingourwaterbottles,therestoftheschool

______anddidthesame!wentonthewagon

jumpedoverthebandwagon

joinedthebandwagon

jumpedonthebandwagon5.Despitebeinganaward-winningactor,heresistedthe

______tomovetoHollywood.crave

temptation

preventable

wellbeing【參考答案】閱讀課文并回答問題。1.Trueorfalse?

Savouryfoodissugar-free.

False.Wemaybeunawareoftheaddedsugarweconsumethat'sfoundinthefoodanddrinkwethinkofashealthyorsavoury,suchaslow-fatyoghurtandsauces.2.Whatisremovedfromchi