2023版高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)第一部分重點(diǎn)全程攻略Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero限時(shí)規(guī)范特訓(xùn)新人教版必修1

PAGEPAGE6Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernheroⅠ.閱讀理解(建議用時(shí)16′)AWinstonChurchillwasbornonNovember30,1874,inEngland.HeservedintheBritishArmyuntil1899.Thefollowingyear,Churchillbeganhislongcareerinthegovernment.Churchillwaselectedtovariouspositionsforthenextseveralyears.AfterthebeginningofWorldWarⅡ，Churchillwasappointedeq\a\vs4\al(W1)FirstLordoftheAdmiralty.InearlyMay,theformerPrimeMinisterofEnglandresignedeq\a\vs4\al(W2)andChurchillwasappointedtothepositionbyKingGeorgeⅥ.England'sarmysufferedmanylossesearlyonandChurchillfacedagreatdealofcriticismeq\a\vs4\al(W3).Butoneofthemajorcontributionshemadetotheeventualvictoryeq\a\vs4\al(W4)washisabilitytoinspiretheBritishpeopletogreatereffortbymakingpublicbroadcastsonsignificantoccasions.Asabrilliantpublicorator(演說家),hewasatirelesssourceofstrengthtopeople.OnOctober29,1941,ChurchillmadeaspeechatHarrowSchoolwhichheattendedasayouth.Partofthespeechincludedthelines,“Nevergiveinexcepttoconvictions(信念)ofhonorandgoodsense.Neveryieldtoforce;neveryieldtotheapparentlyoverwhelmingeq\a\vs4\al(W5)mightoftheenemy.〞Healsousedthephrase“Never,never,nevergiveup〞inhispersonalwritingandcorrespondence(信件)．Churchilllosthisbideq\a\vs4\al(P1)forre-electionin1945andshortlythereaftersufferedhisfirststroke.Heremainedactiveinpolitics,returningtothePrimeMinisterpositionin1951,untilhishealthforcedhimtoretire.ThroughouthislifehewasanenthusiasticwriterandevenwontheNobelPrizeforLiterature.SirWinstonChurchillpassedawayeq\a\vs4\al(P2)onJanuary24,1965.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是關(guān)于溫斯頓·丘吉爾的一篇傳記，簡(jiǎn)述了其輝煌的一生。1．Thetextisdevelopedby________.A．providingexamples B．followingtimeorderC．makingcomparisons D．followingspaceorder答案：B篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。通讀全文可知，文章主要按照人物事件發(fā)生的先后順序展開，即時(shí)間順序。2．ByusingthelinesfromChurchill'sspeech,theauthorwantstoprovethat________.A．ChurchillalwaysacceptedhismistakesB．ChurchillwasthankfulforhishomecountryC．ChurchillwasatirelesssourceofstrengthtopeopleD．Churchillmainlyinspiredyoungpeopletomakegreatereffort答案：C推理判斷題。聯(lián)系第二段最后一句和第三段第二句可推知，引用丘吉爾演講的臺(tái)詞主要是為了證明他一直是人們的力量源泉。3．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsChurchill?A．Admiring. B．Skeptical.C．Sympathetic. D．Disappointing.答案：A推理判斷題。通讀全文并根據(jù)文中出現(xiàn)的褒義詞(如：contributions,inspire,brilliant,enthusiastic等)可以看出，作者對(duì)丘吉爾是充滿欽佩之情的。4．Thistextcanbeclassifiedasa________.A．historicalstory B．medicalreportC．newsreport D．biography答案：D推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要按照時(shí)間順序簡(jiǎn)要介紹了溫斯頓·丘吉爾的生平，故本文為一篇傳記。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點(diǎn)單詞)1．a(chǎn)ppointvt.任命；委派2．resignv.辭職；放棄(工作或職位)3．criticismn．批評(píng)；指責(zé)4．victoryn．勝利；成功5．overwhelmingadj.難以抗拒的；壓倒性的eq\a\vs4\al(P重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ))1．loseone'sbid失利2.passaway去世B[2022·河南八市質(zhì)檢]ChineseNewYearcelebrations,alsoknownastheSpringFestivalstartonthe23rddayofthe12thlunareq\a\vs4\al(W1)monthoftheChinesecalendar,andendonthe15thdayofthefirstlunarmonthinthefollowingyearintheChinesecalendar.ChineseNewYear'sDay'sdateiscalculatedaccordingtotheChineselunarcalendar.In2022it'sThursday,February19.ManypeoplecleantheirhomestowelcometheSpringFestival.Theyputuptheredposterswithpoeticversesonittotheirdoors,ChineseNewYearpicturesontheirwalls,anddecorateeq\a\vs4\al(W2)theirhomeswithredlanterns.Itisalsoatimetoreunitewithrelatives,somanypeoplevisittheirfamiliesatthistimeoftheyear.IntheeveningoftheSpringFestivalEve,manypeoplesetoffeq\a\vs4\al(P1)fireworksandfirecrackers,hopingtocastawayanybadluckandbringforthgoodluck.Childrenoftenreceiveluckymoney.ManypeoplewearnewclothesandsendChineseNewYeargreetingstoeachother.Variouseq\a\vs4\al(W3)activitiessuchasbeatingdrumsandstrikinggongs,aswellaseq\a\vs4\al(P2)dragonandliondances,areallpartoftheSpringFestivalfestivities.TheSpringFestivalisanationalholidayinChina.Governmentoffices,schools,universitiesandmanycompaniesareclosedduringtheperiodfromtheSpringFestivalEvetotheseventhdayofthefirstlunarmonthintheChinesecalendar.However,someenterprisessuchasbanksoftenarrangeforworkerstobeonshiftduty.Publictransportisavailableeq\a\vs4\al(W4)duringtheChineseNewYearperiod.Theredposterswithpoeticversesonitwereinitiallyatypeofamulet(驅(qū)邪物),butnowitsimplymeansgoodfortuneeq\a\vs4\al(W5)andjoy.VariousChineseNewYearsymbolsexpressdifferentmeanings.Forexample,animageofafishsymbolizes“havingmorethanoneneedseveryyear〞.Afirecrackersymbolizes“goodluckinthecomingyear〞.Thefestivallanternssymbolize“pursuingthebrightandthebeautiful〞．篇章導(dǎo)讀：春節(jié)是中國(guó)人民最隆重的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，也象征著團(tuán)結(jié)、興旺，是對(duì)未來寄托新的希望的佳節(jié)。從臘月二十三到正月十五人們一直沉浸在歡樂的節(jié)日中。5．Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A．ChineseNewYearisaroundthecornerB．whatpeopleusuallydoduringChineseNewYearC．howpeopletreateachotheronthespecialdayD．ChineseNewYearwitnessesthelongestholidays答案：B主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，作者在文中主要講述了中國(guó)的春節(jié)，以及在春節(jié)前后人們所做的活動(dòng)。6．TraditionallyChineseNewYearwilllastabout______.A．23days B．15daysC．7days D．25days答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段可知，春節(jié)始于臘月二十三，到來年的正月十五結(jié)束，歷時(shí)23天的時(shí)間。7．Theoriginalpurposeoftheredpostersis________.A．toshowsomewonderfulpoemstoothersB．todecoratethehousewithbrightcolorsC．todrivetheevilsawayfromtheirhomesD．towelcomefriendsandrelativeswarmly答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)尾段的第一句可知，最初在門上貼紅色的對(duì)聯(lián)是為了驅(qū)邪。應(yīng)選C。8．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A．theNewYearsymbolsmeangoodforthefutureB．givingluckymoneyisamustforparentsC．theChinesecelebratethefestivaldifferentlyD．thestaffinbankshaveaseven－dayholiday答案：A推理判斷題。依據(jù)尾段可知，不管是對(duì)聯(lián)、爆竹、魚還是節(jié)日的燈都意味著對(duì)未來的美好祝愿。應(yīng)選A。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點(diǎn)單詞)1．lunaradj.陰歷的；月亮的2．decoratev.裝飾；裝修3．variousadj.各種各樣的4．a(chǎn)vailableadj.可得到的；空閑的5．fortunen.命運(yùn)；運(yùn)氣eq\a\vs4\al(P重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ))1．setoff動(dòng)身；起程；引爆2．a(chǎn)swellas除……之外，還……Ⅱ.七選五(建議用時(shí)8′)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。4ReasonsChangeIsGoodforYouWeallknowthatchangeishardbecauseyourbrainisusedtodoingthesamethingoverandoveragain.___1___Butthepositiveconsequenceisreallygreat.Herearefourreasonswhychangeisgoodforyou：___2___Lifeinthecomfortzoneiseasy.Yousimplyfollowaroutineandyoucanpredicttheconsequences.Outsideofthecomfortzone,yourassumptionsarechallenged.Theideaofdoingthesamethingoverandoverwithoutquestionisdiscouraged.Yougettoexperiencemore.___3___Whenyoulookbackonyourlife,allofthereallyamazingthingsarebecauseofanewexperienceyouhad.Allofthosevacationsyoutookandallofthepeopleyouhavemethavetaughtyoumorethanyoueverlearnedinschool.Theseexperiencesnowmakeupwhoyouaretoday.You'llbemoreflexibleandadaptable.Withoutdoubt,changemakesyourmoreflexibleandadaptable.Youlearntodealwiththingsinawaythatseemsforeignbutacceptableandachievable.___4___Youbegintothrive(興旺)innewsituationsbecauseyouhaveproventoyourselfthatyoucan,notonlyhandlechange,butFLOURISH.Youhavemorefun.Whenyouareopentochange,youareopentosayingYEStomore.Youareopentomoreexperiencesandopportunities.___5___Whenyouaddallofthesethingstogether,youaregoingtohaveamorecolorfullifeandyou'llhaveatonoffunfiguringitalloutalongtheway—there'snodoubtaboutit.A．Youarepushedoutofyourcomfortzone.B．Experienceiswaitingforyouatthedoorstep.C．Youhavetheopportunitytomeetmorepeopletoo.D．Whetherthechangeisgoodorbadforyou,itdoeshappen.E．Wealsoknowhowchallengingitcanbetogothroughchange.F．Then,you'llbemoreconfidentwheninthenextuncomfortablesituation.G．Changeisgoodbecauseyouhavethechancetoinvolveinnewexperiences.篇章導(dǎo)讀：眾所周知改變是件不容易的事情。但是學(xué)會(huì)改變確實(shí)對(duì)人們有著積極的影響。本文介紹了四種改變給人們帶來的好處。1．E根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容及后句的轉(zhuǎn)折可以判斷，前句是講述關(guān)于改變的不容易。應(yīng)選E。2．A本段介紹人們適應(yīng)了舒適的生活，而學(xué)著改變那么是在強(qiáng)迫人們走出舒適區(qū)域。應(yīng)選A。3．G根據(jù)段落標(biāo)題可知，本段是介紹改變能夠讓人們體驗(yàn)更多新事物，此處的信息提示詞是experience。應(yīng)選G。4．F前句介紹改變可以讓人們以一種不熟悉的方式去處理問題，而F選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是當(dāng)下次遇到不安的情況時(shí)，人們就有了自信，由此判斷F選項(xiàng)可以承上啟下，提示詞是foreign和nextuncomfortablesituation。5．C前句內(nèi)容是介紹改變會(huì)給人們帶來更多的時(shí)機(jī)和體驗(yàn)，由此可知，它同時(shí)也能夠使人們接觸更多的人。應(yīng)選C。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空(建議用時(shí)10′)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Iremembertheoccasionwhenmothersentmetothemainroad,abouttwentyyardsawayfromourhouse,toinviteapassinggroupofseasonalwork－seekersforameal.She___1___(instruct)metotakeabasketalongandcollectdrycowdung(牛糞)formakingafire.Iwasthentopreparethemealforthegroupofwork－seekers.___2___thoughtofmakinganopenfireoutsideatmidday,and___3___(cook)inalargethree－leggedpotinthatintenseheat,wassufficienttoupsetevenanangel.Ididnotmanagetohidemyfeelingsfrommymotherand,afterservingthegroup,shecalledmetotheveranda(走廊)___4___sheusuallysattoattendtohersewingandknitting.___5___straightintomyeyes,sheasked“Whydidyougetangry___6___Irequestedyoutoprepareamealforthosepoorpeople？〞___7___myattempttodenyherblame,usingtheheatofthefireandthesunasanexcuseformyrudebehavior,mother,shegavemeafirmlook,___8___(say),“Youcannotdetectwhattroublemaylieaheadofyou.〞I___9___(sudden)realizedthatifIhadrefusedtoofferthisgroupofpeopleameal,___10___wouldbeimpossiblethatinmytravelssometimeinthefuture,Iwouldgettheseindividuals'help.篇章導(dǎo)讀：小時(shí)候，母親讓“我〞到“我們〞家附近的路上邀請(qǐng)那些找季節(jié)性工作的人來“我〞家吃午飯。“我〞還得撿干牛糞生火，所以“我〞感到心煩。看到“我〞一臉的不悅，母親批評(píng)了“我〞一頓?！拔舀曊J(rèn)識(shí)到，也許有一天，“我〞會(huì)需要這些人的幫助。1．instructed考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。本空在主語(yǔ)后，空格處需填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，整篇文章用的是一般過去時(shí)，因此應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞的一般過去式。2．The考查冠詞。本空在名詞前，填定冠詞The，表示特指。3．cooking考查動(dòng)名詞。由空格前的and可知，本空與前面的短語(yǔ)makinganopenfireoutsideatmidday并列，作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，因此填cooking。4．where考查定語(yǔ)從句。此處為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞theveranda為地點(diǎn)名詞，是關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此填關(guān)系副詞where。5．Looking考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。本空應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞Looking，表示伴隨狀況。由語(yǔ)境可知，母親直視著作者的眼睛，問作者為什么因幫助別人而悶悶不樂。6．when考查狀語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知，空格處需填連詞when，連接時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候〞。7．Despite/Regardlessof考查介詞(短語(yǔ))。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處填介詞Despite“盡管〞或介詞短語(yǔ)Regardlessof“不顧，不管〞。8．saying考查現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。mother與say之間為主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨狀況。9．suddenly考查副詞。空格在動(dòng)詞前，應(yīng)填副詞suddenly作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞。10．it考查代詞。代詞it用作形式主語(yǔ)，代替后面的that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。Ⅳ.書面表達(dá)(建議用時(shí)20′)[2022·河北武邑調(diào)研]假設(shè)你是高中三年級(jí)的學(xué)生李華，你們學(xué)校組織了一項(xiàng)“有煩惱向誰(shuí)說〞的調(diào)查活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)給校報(bào)編輯寫一封信，反映相關(guān)情況。內(nèi)容包括：調(diào)查結(jié)果(如下圖)、持相應(yīng)想法的理由及你對(duì)調(diào)查結(jié)果的看法。注意：1.信的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出；2．詞數(shù)100詞左右。DearEditor，IamaSeniorThreestudent.Recentlywehavecarriedoutasurvey—“Towhomdoyougowhenintrouble？〞Theresultsareasfollows.____________________________________________________________________________________________________