2023年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit3Computers單元知識(shí)（含解析）新人教版必修2-New

2023年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit3Computers單元知識(shí)（含解析）新人教版必修2PAGEPAGE2Unit3Computers1.★have...incommon與……有共同點(diǎn);與……共有?Eventhoughtheyhavenothingincommonwitheachother,theyareindeedgoodfriends.即使他們彼此沒(méi)有共同之處，但是他們確實(shí)是好朋友?！就卣寡由臁?1)havesomething/nothing/alot/much/littleincommonwith與……有些/無(wú)/很多/許多/幾乎無(wú)共同之處(2)incommon 共有，共用incommonwith...和……一樣【跟蹤典例】完成句子1._______________mostAmericanpeople,heenjoysbaseball.他與大多數(shù)美國(guó)人一樣，喜歡棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)。2.They__________________________eachother.他們彼此沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)共同之處。3.We__________________________besidesmusic.除了音樂(lè)，我們還有很多共同點(diǎn)?！敬鸢浮?.Incommonwith2.havenothingincommonwith3.havelotsofthings/alotincommon2.★calculatevt.計(jì)算；預(yù)測(cè)，推測(cè)becalculatedtodosth打算或方案做某事Ithasbeencalculatedthat...據(jù)估算……?Wehaven’treallycalculatedthecostofthevacationyet.我們還沒(méi)有確切地計(jì)算出度假要花多少錢(qián)。?Thisactivityiscalculatedtoattracttheattentionofordinarypeople.這個(gè)活動(dòng)旨在吸引普通人的注意力。?【拓展延伸】calculationn.計(jì)算；推測(cè)calculatorn.計(jì)算器，計(jì)算者calculatedadj.蓄意的，打算做calculatingadj.精明的，精于算計(jì)的【跟蹤典例】完成句子1.Thefactory_________________ofproduction.廠家計(jì)算生產(chǎn)本錢(qián)。2.Thispicture_____________attractthechildren.這幅畫(huà)是為了吸引兒童而設(shè)計(jì)的?！敬鸢浮?.calculatesthecosts2.iscalculatedto3.★solvevt.解決，解答?Haveyousolvedalltheproblemsintheexamination?你解答了所有的考試題嗎?【拓展延伸】solutionn.解決方法；處理手段asolutiontosth……的解決方法【易混辨析】solve/settlesolve＂解決＂，側(cè)重的是給出一個(gè)答案。如：aproblem,amystery,apuzzle,difficultiessettle＂解決＂，其對(duì)象通常是某種爭(zhēng)端。如：anissue,anargument,aquarrel,amatter?Hefinallysolvedthedifficultyoftransportation.他終于解決了運(yùn)輸方面的困難。?Thetwocountriesdon’tagreewitheachotheronsomeissues,whichneedstobesettled.這兩個(gè)國(guó)家在一些問(wèn)題上意見(jiàn)不一致，這一點(diǎn)需要解決。【跟蹤典例】完成句子1.這個(gè)問(wèn)題沒(méi)有簡(jiǎn)單的解決方法。Thereisnosimple_____________________.2.正在想方法解決廢物處理的問(wèn)題。Attemptsarebeingmade__________________ofwastedisposal.【答案】1.solutiontothisproblem2.tosolvetheproblem4.★asaresult結(jié)果?Theboyworkedhard.Asaresult,hepassedtheexamination.這個(gè)男孩努力學(xué)習(xí)。結(jié)果，他通過(guò)了考試?！就卣寡由臁縜saresultof由于；因?yàn)閞esultvi.發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生resultfrom是由……造成的resultin(=leadto)導(dǎo)致；造成【特別提醒】※表示原因的短語(yǔ)還有thanksto,becauseof,owingto,dueto,onaccountof等?！疽谆毂嫖觥縜saresult/asaresultofasaresult表示＂因此，結(jié)果＂，單獨(dú)使用，作連接性狀語(yǔ)，起承上啟下的作用asaresultof表示＂由于……的原因，作為……的結(jié)果＂，后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或代詞，在句中常用來(lái)引出原因狀語(yǔ)【巧學(xué)妙記】巧述＂因果＂【跟蹤典例】用result的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空1.Itrainedheavily.__________,wehadtostayathomeforthewholeweekend.2.____________theheavyrain,wehadtostayathomeforthewholeweekend.3.Hisdeath____________anoveruseofdrugs.4.Thesemeasures__________agreatvictory.【答案】1.Asaresult2.Asaresultof3.resultedfrom4.resultedin5.★applicationn.應(yīng)用；用途；申請(qǐng)；努力applicationform申請(qǐng)表makeanapplication(tosb)forsth(向某人)申請(qǐng)某物?Haveyoufilledintheapplicationformforanewpassport?你填寫(xiě)了領(lǐng)新護(hù)照的申請(qǐng)表沒(méi)有??Amicrocomputerhasawiderangeofapplicationsforbusiness.微型電腦在商業(yè)方面用途很廣?！就卣寡由臁縜pplyv.應(yīng)用；適用；申請(qǐng)，請(qǐng)求applysthto把……應(yīng)用到……applyto 適用于……；向……申請(qǐng)applyoneselfto...致力于……，集中精力于……applyfor 申請(qǐng)/請(qǐng)求……【跟蹤典例】完成句子1.WhatIhavesaid_____________someofyou.我所說(shuō)的只適用于你們當(dāng)中的一局部人。2.Successasawriterdemands_______________.要成為作家就得狠下功夫。3.Wereceived400______________thejob.z，x*xk對(duì)這份工作，我們接到400人的申請(qǐng)。4.Weneedto________planningpermissiontobuildagarage.我們建車(chē)庫(kù)需要申請(qǐng)規(guī)劃許可。【答案】1.appliesonlyto2.greatapplication3.applicationsfor4.applyfor6.★explorevt.&vi.探索；探測(cè)；探究?Thecityisbestexploredonfoot.最好是徒步探索這個(gè)城市。?TheyexploredthelandtothesouthoftheYellowRiver.他們勘察了黃河以南的地區(qū)?！就卣寡由臁縠xplorationn.探索explorern.探險(xiǎn)者【巧學(xué)妙記】一語(yǔ)言盡exploreHavingexploredthelonelyisland,theexplorertookashortrestandthendecidedtomakefurtherexplorations.在探索完這座荒涼的小島之后，這位探索者稍事休息，然后決定進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步探索?！靖櫟淅客瓿删渥?.We____________allthepossibilities.我們必須探討所有的可能性。2.Butthereis___________whoislargelyunknownoutsideofChina.不過(guò)卻有一名探險(xiǎn)家，除中國(guó)人外，很少有人知道他。3.Abigprogramof_____________hasbegunoffshore.一個(gè)大規(guī)模的石油勘探方案正在近海展開(kāi)?！敬鸢浮?.mustexplore2.oneexplorer3.oilexploration7.★anyhowadv.(也作anyway)無(wú)論如何；即使如此?It’stooexpensiveandanyhow(=anyway)thecolordoesn’tsuityou.這個(gè)太貴,而且顏色也不適合你。【拓展延伸】anyhowadv.隨便地，雜亂無(wú)章地somehowadv.以某種方式；不知怎么地somewhatadv.有點(diǎn)；有幾分【跟蹤典例】Afriendissomeonewhoknowsyourworstsecrets,butlovesyou___________.A.anyway B.somehow C.anymore D.anywhere8.★giveaway捐贈(zèng)；分發(fā)；泄露；喪失，錯(cuò)失?Hegaveawaymostofhisfortunetothepoor.他把他的大局部財(cái)產(chǎn)都送給了窮人。?Theheadmastergaveawaytheprizes.校長(zhǎng)分發(fā)獎(jiǎng)品。?Don’tgiveawaythesecret.這項(xiàng)機(jī)密不可泄露。?Icannevergiveawaysuchagoodchance.我決不會(huì)錯(cuò)失這么好的時(shí)機(jī)。【拓展延伸】giveback歸還，送回giveoff發(fā)出，放出givein屈服，讓步；上交giveout分發(fā)，散發(fā)；用光，用盡giveup放棄【典例跟蹤】用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空1.Pleasegivemypen__________.Ineeditnow.2.Thegasgave__________anunpleasantsmell.3.Hehasgiven__________smoking.4.Tomalwaysgave__________tohisbigbrother.5.Thecoalbegantogive__________.【答案】1.back2.off3.up4.in5.out9.★signalvi.&vt.發(fā)信號(hào)；發(fā)暗號(hào)；示意n.信號(hào)；暗號(hào)(1)signal(sb)that示意……signal(to)sbtodosth示意某人做某事signaltosb向某人示意(2)adanger/warning(stop)signal危險(xiǎn)/警告(停車(chē))信號(hào)trafficsignals交通信號(hào)燈?Shesignaledthecartostopbyraisingherhand.她舉手示意車(chē)停下。?Hesignaledthatitwastimetoleave.他示意該走了?！疽谆毂嫖觥縮ignal/mark/sign/symbolsignal指為某一目的而有意發(fā)出的信號(hào)mark普通用詞，含義廣泛。指在其他事物上留下的清晰可見(jiàn)的印痕(也可指為便于識(shí)別而有意做的標(biāo)記)或先天固有的標(biāo)志sign普通用詞，指人們公認(rèn)的事物的記號(hào)，也可指某種情況的征兆symbol指象征或表達(dá)某種深邃意蘊(yùn)的特殊事物【典例跟蹤】1.選詞填空(signal/mark/sign/symbol)①Thesnowshowedno_________ofmelting.②Aredlightisa_________ofdanger,whichisevenknowntoafive-year-oldchild.③Inthepicturethetreeisthe_________oflifeandthesnakeisthesymbolofevil.④Theyearshavesettheir_________onhisbrow(額頭).2.Inourclass,whenthebellrangandtheteacherclosedhisbook,itwasa_________foreveryonetostandup.A.signal B.chance C.mark D.measure【答案】1.①sign②signal③symbol④mark10.★arisevi.出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生arisefrom/outof由……而引起，由……而產(chǎn)生；從……中產(chǎn)生?Thenshepreparesreliablemovestouseifanewsituationarises.接著她準(zhǔn)備好了可行的步驟來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的新情況。?Unexpecteddifficultiesaroseinthecourseoftheirexperiment.在他們進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)的過(guò)程中,出現(xiàn)了意想不到的困難。?Somerisksarisefromchangesintheenvironment.有些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是因?yàn)榄h(huán)境的變化?！疽谆毂嫖觥吭我饬x用法過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞arise出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生常用于事物或問(wèn)題的出現(xiàn)arosearisenrise上升，升起主語(yǔ)自身移向更高的位置roserisenraise舉起，抬高主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作作用于其他事物，也可表示抽象意義，如提高覺(jué)悟等raisedraisedarouse喚醒，激起arousedarousing【巧學(xué)妙記】arise,rise,raise巧辨析【典例跟蹤】用arise,arouse,rise與raise填空1.Thesun__________intheeastandsetsinthewest.2.Weshouldalwayskeepinmindthataccidents__________fromcarelessnesswhiledriving.3.Nowthestandardoflivingis__________rapidly.4.Thisbook__________myinterestinpolitics.【答案】1.rises2.arise3.raised4.aroused11.★consistof(＝bemadeupof)由……組成?TheUnitedNationsconsistsofover160nations.聯(lián)合國(guó)由一百六十多個(gè)國(guó)家組成。【拓展延伸】consistin在于，存在于consistwith與……一致【易混辨析】consistof與makeupconsistof表示＂由……組成＂的意思，不使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。相當(dāng)于include。makeup＂……組成……＂，為主動(dòng)形式，表示＂局部組成一個(gè)整體＂的意思。bemadeupof＂由……組成＂，為被動(dòng)形式，表示＂一個(gè)整體是由幾個(gè)局部組成的＂。【典例跟蹤】1.用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空Ourclass________(consist)of40girlsand18boys.2.完成句子Themedicalteam____________________10membersweresenttotheearthquake-strickenarea.由10人組成的醫(yī)療隊(duì)被派往地震災(zāi)區(qū)。12.★dealwith處理；安排；對(duì)付；論述；打交道?Thismeansthatitshouldcleanthehouse,mopthefloors,cookthedinneranddealwithtelephonecalls.這就意味著它應(yīng)該清掃房子、拖地、做飯以及接。?Ifoundherquitehardtodealwith.我發(fā)現(xiàn)她很難相處?！久麕燑c(diǎn)津】dealwith的易考點(diǎn)(1)dealwith意為＂處理，對(duì)待＂時(shí)，與dowith同義。(2)dealwith中的deal為不及物動(dòng)詞，常與疑問(wèn)詞how連用；而dowith中的do為及物動(dòng)詞，常與疑問(wèn)詞what連用。?Idon’tknowhowtodealwiththesituation.=Idon’tknowwhattodowiththesituation.我不知道如何處理這種情況。13.★inaway在某種程度上，從某一角度看?Inawayourprogrammerislikeourcoach.從某種程度上看，我們的程序員就好似是我們的教練。?Inaway,I’malittlesurprisedthatheacceptedtheoffer.從某種意義上講，他接受了這個(gè)報(bào)價(jià)讓我覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)驚訝?！就卣寡由臁縜lltheway一直，總是bytheway順便說(shuō)innoway 一點(diǎn)也不；決不intheway擋道；礙事Noway!別想!/沒(méi)門(mén)!inthisway以這種方法ontheway在途中【典例跟蹤】用way的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空1.Althoughhethoughthewashelpinguspreparedinner,hewasonly_________.2.Hestayed__________athomeduringthewinterholidays.3._________cantheorybeseparatedfrompractice.【答案】1.intheway2.alltheway3.Innoway14.★afterall畢竟；終究?Ofcourse,Iadmirehim—afterall,heisagreatwriter.我當(dāng)然欽佩他——畢竟，他是位偉大的作家?！就卣寡由臁縜llinall總的來(lái)說(shuō)；大體而言inall總共，合計(jì)atall根本；絲毫(常用于否認(rèn)句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句)firstofall首先(強(qiáng)調(diào)次序)aboveall首先，尤其是，最重要的是(強(qiáng)調(diào)諸多事物中最重要的)【典例跟蹤】用all短語(yǔ)填空1.Whyshouldn’tsheeatthecake?_________,shemadeit.2.Thereare100people_________.3.Neverwasteanything,and_________neverwastetime.4._________,itwasagreatsuccess.【答案】1.Afterall2.inall3.aboveall4.Allinall1.★as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句Astimewentby,Iwasmadesmaller.一年年過(guò)去,我被做得更小了。(教材P18)【句式分析】此句為主從復(fù)合句。as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。主句中含有＂make+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)＂，即make的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示＂隨著……＂，側(cè)重表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生(包括一個(gè)主語(yǔ)同時(shí)進(jìn)行兩個(gè)動(dòng)作)，或者一個(gè)動(dòng)作隨著另一個(gè)動(dòng)作的變化而變化。?Astimewentby,histheoryprovedtobetrue.＝Withtimegoingby,histheoryprovedtobetrue.隨著時(shí)間的推移，他的理論得到了證實(shí)。【易混辨析】as/withas＂隨著＂，是連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句with＂隨著＂，是介詞，后接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或代詞構(gòu)成with短語(yǔ)或with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)【跟蹤典例】1為漢譯英，2~3為完成句子1.隨著時(shí)間的流逝,被做得更智能(smart)。___________________________________________________________________________________2.傷心的媽媽坐在路邊，邊哭邊喊。Thesadmothersatontheroadside,shouting_______________.3.小姑娘們一邊走，一邊唱。Thelittlegirlssang_____________.【答案】1.Astimegoesby,cellphonesaremadesmarter.2.asshewascrying3.astheywalked2.狀語(yǔ)從句的省略Sheprogramsuswithallthepossiblemovesshehasseenwhilewatchinghumangames.她把觀看人類(lèi)比賽時(shí)所看到的一切可能的動(dòng)作編入我們的程序。(教材P23)【句式分析】句中whilewatchinghumangames相當(dāng)于whilesheiswatchinghumangames。在when,while,if,unless,though，once等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，假設(shè)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，為了使句子簡(jiǎn)潔，可省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。?Though(theywere)tired,theywentonworking.雖然他們累了,但他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)工作。?Youshouldn’tcometohispartyunless(youwere)invited.除非你被邀請(qǐng),否那么你不應(yīng)該來(lái)參加他的宴會(huì)?！镜淅櫋縈aryissoquietagirlthatsheseldomspeaksinpublicplacesunless__________to.zx*xkA.isspokenB.isspeaking C.speaking D.spoken現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為has/havebeendone，使用hasbeendone時(shí)主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)，使用havebeendone時(shí)主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)。?Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.這本書(shū)已被譯為多國(guó)語(yǔ)言。?Hisbikeshavebeensoldout.他的自行車(chē)已賣(mài)完了。2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的含義現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的被動(dòng)性動(dòng)作，它有兩層意思：(1)動(dòng)作已完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。(2)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。?Theseflowershavebeenwatered.Yoncangohome.這些花已經(jīng)澆水了。你可以回家了。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法(1)用于不知道動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)。?Hisbikehasbeenstolen.他的自行車(chē)被人偷了。(不清楚是誰(shuí)偷的)(2)用于動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是泛指或不言自明時(shí)。?Notabookinthelibraryhasbeentakenaway.圖書(shū)館里的書(shū)沒(méi)有一本被人拿走。(沒(méi)人拿書(shū),泛指)(3)用于可以說(shuō)出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者，但動(dòng)作承受者是談話中心或特別需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)。?Mywatchhasbeenrepaired.我的表修好了。(表修好了是談話的主旨，是誰(shuí)修好的無(wú)關(guān)緊要,不必提及)(4)用于動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)。?Thehousehasbeenwashedawaybythestorm.那棟房子已被暴雨沖走了。4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種句式肯定式主語(yǔ)++bedone否認(rèn)式主語(yǔ)++bedone一般疑問(wèn)式+bedone?特殊疑問(wèn)式疑問(wèn)詞++bedone??Hishomeworkhasn’tbeenfinished.他的家庭作業(yè)還沒(méi)有寫(xiě)完。?Hasthisbridgebeenfinished?這座橋竣工了嗎??Whyhashebeenpraisedbyhisteacher?為什么他被老師表?yè)P(yáng)了?【易混辨析】(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：①現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況的聯(lián)系。?Thebridgehasbeenbuilt.這座橋已經(jīng)建好了。②現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而且表示被動(dòng)。?Thebridgeisbeingbuilt.這座橋正在修建。③一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)僅涉及過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在的情況沒(méi)有聯(lián)系。?Thebridgewasbuiltlastyear.這座橋是去年建成的。(2)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如borrow,finish,begin,start,marry等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。假設(shè)要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思，那么要改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。?這本字典借了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?→Howlonghasthisdictionarybeenborrowed?(×)→Howlonghasthisdictionarybeenkept?(√)4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(1)只帶有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。(2)帶有雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，可將其中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)保存不動(dòng)。(3)帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，只能將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。原來(lái)省略to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要用帶to的不定式。?(主動(dòng))Wehavebuiltmanyhousesinthepasttenyears.→(被動(dòng))Manyhouseshavebeenbuiltinthepasttenyears.?(主動(dòng))Wehavegivenhimthebook.→(被動(dòng))Hehasbeengiventhebook.→(被動(dòng))Thebookhasbeengiventohim.【拓展延伸】【名師點(diǎn)津】現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的選擇技巧(1)分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)，明確句子所要表達(dá)的意義。(2)明確句中的時(shí)間的參考點(diǎn)，確定所需時(shí)態(tài)。(3)明確謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其主語(yǔ)之間應(yīng)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，并明確動(dòng)作是否能延續(xù)。(4)確定正確的時(shí)態(tài)及語(yǔ)態(tài)。書(shū)面表達(dá)說(shuō)明文寫(xiě)作攻略【寫(xiě)作攻略】寫(xiě)說(shuō)明文宜采用三段式：第一段主要介紹要說(shuō)明的對(duì)象及說(shuō)明的目的；第二段說(shuō)明事物的主要特征或做事情的方法步驟；第三段進(jìn)行總結(jié)概括。時(shí)態(tài)通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。寫(xiě)作時(shí)應(yīng)遵循以下幾個(gè)步驟：1.仔細(xì)審題，明確說(shuō)明對(duì)象，抓住要說(shuō)明的事物或事理的主要特征。2.選擇合理的說(shuō)明順序〔時(shí)間順序、空間順序或邏輯順序〕分層次進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，注意條理清晰。3.選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)恼f(shuō)明方法，比方定義法、舉例法、比擬法和細(xì)節(jié)描述法等，不要遺漏主要內(nèi)容。4.根據(jù)說(shuō)明順序及內(nèi)容確定過(guò)渡詞和恰當(dāng)?shù)木湫徒Y(jié)構(gòu)。文字應(yīng)客觀、簡(jiǎn)潔、明了，不要追求華美和參加太多個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。如：The“ForeignCultures〞sectioncarriesarticleswrittenbyforeignfriendsabouttheculturesoftheirhomecountries.【寫(xiě)作模板】模板一：地理介紹型________islocatedin________(位置),coveringanareaof________(面積).Ithasapopulationof________(人口).Itgrows________，anditisrichin________(特點(diǎn))．Inaword,________isafascinatingplacewithfascinatingpeople.Welcometo________.模板二：路線描繪型Wearegoingto________________(舉行活動(dòng))at/in/on________(時(shí)間)at/in________(地點(diǎn)).Itisnotverydifficulttofindyourwaytothisplace./Nowletmetellyouthewaytothisplace.模板三：說(shuō)明原因型Nowadays,moreandmore________(闡述現(xiàn)象).Why________(提出問(wèn)題)?Thereasonsforitareasfollows.Firstofall,________(原因一).Besides,________(原因二).What'smore,________(原因三)．模板四問(wèn)題解決型說(shuō)明文模板Inrecentdays,therehasbeenaproblem

,whichisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.〔說(shuō)明問(wèn)題及其現(xiàn)狀〕First,

__________________.Second,

__________________.〔進(jìn)一步闡釋現(xiàn)狀〕Weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.Foronething,________.Foranotherthing,________.Finally,________.〔列舉解決該問(wèn)題的方法〕Personally,Ibelievethat________/Consequently,I’mconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause________.〔結(jié)尾段，指出＂我＂的信心及理由〕模板五說(shuō)明利弊題型說(shuō)明文模板

Nowadays,manypeoplepreferAbecauseitisplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleinourdailylife.Generally/Generallyspeaking/Onthewhole,itsadvantagescanbeseenasfollows./ithasthefollowingadvantages.Firstofall,_________________(A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一).Besides,/What’smore,_________________A的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之二〕.

However,everycoinhastwosides./Everythinghasbothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent./Itsdisadvantagesarealsoobvious.Oneoftheimportantdisadvantagesisthat_________________(A的第一個(gè)缺點(diǎn))．Tomakemattersworse,/Tomakethematterworse,/Tomakethingsworse/What’sworse,_________________(A的第二個(gè)缺點(diǎn))．

Throughtheaboveanalysis,Ibelievethatthepositiveaspectsoverweighthenegativeones./Theaboveanalysisshowsusthatithasmoreadvantagesthandisadvantages.Therefore,Iwouldliketo_________________(我的看法)．Z&x*xk

(FromthecomparisonbetweenthesepositiveandnegativeeffectsofA,weshouldtakeitreasonablyanddoitaccordingtothecircumstanceswearein.Onlyinthiswaycanwe_