新高考英語（北師大版）一輪復(fù)習(xí)教師用書選修8UNIT22ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION

三言兩語1.Wecanfindusinanexcitingworldeveryday，withthesunshiningbrightly，greentreesgrowingandflowerscomingoutwithallkindsofcolors.2．Hehasagreedtocomeonconditionthattherewon'tbeanypublicity.3．Weareveryproudofourselves，believingwecanmakemorecontributionstoabetterworld.1.沒有你的幫助，我是不可能通過考試的。Withoutyourhelp，Iwouldn't_have_passed_the_test.2．過去30年見證了中國的快速發(fā)展。The_last_30_years_have_witnessed/seentherapiddevelopmentofChina.[單詞拼寫應(yīng)用]核心單詞1．trapvt.使困住2．claimvt.聲稱3．condemnvt.迫使(某人)陷于不幸的境地；譴責(zé)，指責(zé)4．seizevt.依法沒收；(用武力)奪取5．roughadj.艱難的6．substituten．代替品，代用品7．a(chǎn)dvocatevt.主張，提倡8．boycottn．(聯(lián)合)抵制9．reserven．儲備；保護(hù)區(qū)10．principlen．原理；道德準(zhǔn)則11．relevantadj.有關(guān)的；相關(guān)的12．a(chǎn)griculturen.農(nóng)業(yè)；農(nóng)藝，農(nóng)學(xué)13．sacrificevt.犧牲；獻(xiàn)出14．recyclevt.回收利用15．changeableadj.多變的16．meansn.手段；方法17．constructvt.建造18．potentialn.可能性，潛在性19．a(chǎn)doptvt.采用20．considerateadj.體貼的；考慮周到的21．a(chǎn)llocatevt.分配，配置22．calculatevt.計(jì)算；算出[語境運(yùn)用]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1．Intheconferencelastweekmanyexpertsadvocated(advocate)rewardingyourchildforgoodbehaviour.2．Boycotting(boycott)isnottheaim，butameans.3．Sheseized(seize)onmysuggestionandbeganworkimmediately.4．Raychangedhismind，claiming(claim)thathehadbeenforcedintoconfessing.5．Thestreamhasfrozenup;youcanseethefishtrapped(trap)intheice.6．Shewastheonlypoliticianto_condemn(condemn)theproposedlawonmoralgrounds.拓展單詞1．coincidencen．巧合→coincidentadj.同時發(fā)生的2．financen．資金→financialadj.財(cái)政的，金融的3．reserven．保護(hù)區(qū)vt.保留；預(yù)訂→reservedadj.預(yù)定的；保留的→reservationn．預(yù)訂；保留4．threatn．威脅→threatenvt.威脅5．separatevt.分離；分開adj.不同的；各自的→separationn．分離，分開6．a(chǎn)doptvt.采用；收養(yǎng)→adoptionn．采用；收養(yǎng)7．a(chǎn)llocatevt.分配；配給→allocationn．分配；配給8．politicsn．政治(活動)→politicaladj.政治的→politiciann．政治家9．considerv．考慮→considerateadj.想得周到的；體貼的→considerationn．考慮；體貼[語境運(yùn)用]用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式或所給提示填空。1．Atlast，Iconsiderweshouldtakeonresponsibilityforourselvesandthepeoplewhoinvolvedin，weneedtobeconsiderateandthoughtful.(consider)2．Thechemicalcompanythreatenthelivingcondition，andthethreatcanbeserious.(threat)3．Withtheaccelerationofglobalizationprocessoneconomyandfinance，financialcompetitionbecameseverely.(finance)4．Andjustinpurepoliticalterms，nopoliticianwantstodothat.(politics)5．Whenweweretoldthetablewereservedhadbeenoccupied，wewereangryanddidn'twanttocancelourreservation.(reserve)6．Weleftinseparatedirection，andtheseparationmadethetwoofusupset.(separate)7．MrWhiteistheadoptedsonofMrsGreen，whoadoptedago.Thankshisparentsdied20yearsago.ThankstoheradoptionMr.WhiteMr.Whitecouldreceiveagoodeducationandbecameanengineer.(adopt)8．Alargesumhasbeenallocatedforbuyingnewbooksforthelibrary.Theallocationisofgreatimportancetoourschoollibrary'sconstruction.(allocate)閱讀單詞1．ecologyn．生態(tài)2．botanicaladj.植物的3．consensusn．一致的意見4．consultantn．顧問5．droughtn．旱災(zāi)6．federaladj.聯(lián)邦的7．conservationn．保護(hù)8．bouncevi.反彈9．hurricanen．颶風(fēng)10．hookn．鉤子，鉤11．grandadj.巨大的12．a(chǎn)rmvt.武裝13．rainfalln．降雨量14．fragileadj.易毀的；脆弱的15．cubicadj.立方的1．(廣東卷)ConservationandresearchworkwithteamsofvolunteersonnaturereservesinSouthAmericaandAfrica.(野生生物)保護(hù)區(qū)2．①Theyseizedtheairportinasurpriseattack.奪取，占領(lǐng)②Thecourtorderedthecompany'sfundtobeseized.沒收3．Acalfwasofferedupasasacrificetothegoddess.供品，祭品4．Thewomantrappedhimintogivingawaythebusinesssecret.誘騙[短語多維應(yīng)用]高頻短語1._earn_one's_living謀生2．a(chǎn)s_a_matter_of_fact實(shí)際上3．look_ahead展望未來，向前看4．result_in導(dǎo)致5．break_away_from擺脫，脫離6．a(chǎn)_number_of一些7．beyond_one's_control超出某人的控制8．take_action采取行動[語境運(yùn)用]選用左欄短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。Inorderto①earn_their_living，②a_number_oftheparentsofourstudentswenttoworkinbigcities.Theyearnedmoremoneybuttheirabsence③resulted_intheirchildren'sbadperformanceatschool.④As_a_matter_of_fact，somechildrengotbeyondtheirgrandparents'control.9.sum_up總結(jié)，概括10．on_one's_behalf_代表……11．lead_to引起，導(dǎo)致12．a(chǎn)part_from除……以外13．a(chǎn)nswer_for(對已產(chǎn)生的不良后果)負(fù)責(zé)任14．carry_off掠去，奪走15．call_for_an_end_to_sth.要求結(jié)束某事16．refer_to指，意即[語境運(yùn)用]選用左欄短語的適當(dāng)形式填空。Withmoreandmorefactoriesbuiltinmyhometown，alotofagriculturallandhasbeen⑤carried_off，whichhas⑥led_totheriseoftheproduce'sprice.⑦Apart_fromthis，theairandrivershavebeenpolluted.Obviously，thefactoriesshould⑧answer_fortheconsequences.Soonbehalfofthevillagers'benefit，thelocalgovernmenthasdecidedto⑨call_for_an_end_tothefactories'illegalbehaviours.[句式結(jié)構(gòu)仿寫]教材原句背誦句式仿寫應(yīng)用1.given作介詞或連詞Giventhisdata，itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.考慮到他們沒有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他們的工作算做得很好了。Given_that_they_are_inexperienced，they'vedoneagoodjob.2.擬人修辭手法Thelastfewyearshaveseenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale，andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.天安門前這兩只石獅見證了許多重大歷史事件。The_two_stone_lions_standing_in_front_of_Tian'anmen_have_seenmanygreathistoricevents.1．reservevt.儲備；保留；預(yù)定n．儲備；貯藏；保護(hù)區(qū)(1)reservesth.for...為……保留某物inreserve備用(2)reservationn．預(yù)訂；保留意見withoutreservation毫無保留地makeareservation預(yù)訂，預(yù)約naturereserve自然保護(hù)區(qū)reserveyourstrength留點(diǎn)力氣[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Beijingwasonceacityofbikes，knownastheBicycleKingdom，wherecarswere_reserved(reserve)forofficialbusinessandthepoliticallypowerful.②Franklyspeaking，Ihavelittlemoneyinreserve.③IrecommendhimwithoutreservationasIbelieveyouwillappreciatehisabilityinhisstudies.④“It'ssuchaniceplace，”Mothersaidasshesatatthetablereservingforcustomers.reserving→reserved[鏈接寫作]——完成句子在美國，多乘員汽車有專行道。IntheUnitedStateslanesare_reserved_for_cars_withmorethanoneoccupant.(bereservedfor)2．seizevt.抓??；捉?。?用武力)奪?。灰婪]收seizesb.bythe＋身體部位抓住某人某個部位seizeachance/anopportunity抓住機(jī)會seizesth.fromsb.從某人那里奪走/搶走某物beseizedwith患?。煌蝗桓械絪eizesb.bythearm抓住某人的胳膊seizeathief抓小偷seizepower奪權(quán)[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①M(fèi)aggieseizedtheletterfromherandbegantoreadoutloudly.②Heseizedherbythearm.③Hewasseizedwithacold.④Beforehecouldrunaway，sheseizedhimbyhiscollar.his→the[鏈接寫作]——完成句子我會抓住這次絕好的機(jī)會出國深造。Iwill_seize_the_golden_chancetogoabroadforfurtherstudy.3．substitutevt.&vi.(用……)替代；取代n．代替品，代用品(1)substituteAforB＝substituteBwith/byA用A代替/取代Bsubstitutefor代替，取代(2)asubstitutefor...……的替代者amilksubstitute代乳制品asubstituteteacher代課老師[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Asthesayinggoes，inwar，thereisnosubstituteforvictory.②Canyousubstituteforthesingerwhoisill?③Sheisseekingasubstitutewiththeverymanwhosedeparturemadehercry.with→for[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯在我看來，我們必須用一把新椅子換掉這把壞椅子。①AsfarasI'mconcerned，wemustsubstitute_a_new_chair_for_the_broken_one.(substitute...for)②AsfarasI'mconcerned，wemustsubstitute_the_broken_chair_with_a_new_one.(substitute...with)4．trapvt.使困?。徽T捕；誘騙；使陷入困障n．陷阱；圈套；捕捉機(jī)(1)o(doing)sth.使某人陷入(做)某事的圈套be/gettrappedin被困在……中(2)fallintothetrapofdoingsth.落入……的圈套set/layatrapfor為……設(shè)圈套getoutofatrap擺脫圈套[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中trap的詞性及含義①Theonlythingthewolfcoulddowasclimbinguptothegroundfromthetrap.n.陷阱②It'snolongerpossibletotrapasensiblemanintomarriage.vt.誘騙，使陷入圈套③Thepolicesetatraptocatchthethief.n.圈套④Someminersweretrappedundergroundafterthecollapse.vt.使陷入困境[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句改錯Havingbeentrappingintraffic，hewaslateforwork.trapping→trapped[鏈接寫作]——完成句子很容易掉進(jìn)這樣一個陷阱：你很想多談?wù)撃愕膯栴}。It'seasytofall_into_the_trapofwantingtotalkonandonaboutyourproblem.5．a(chǎn)dvocatevt.主張，提倡n．提倡者，擁護(hù)者advocate(doing)sth.提倡/擁護(hù)/支持(做)某事advocatethat...主張……[從句謂語動詞用(should＋)動詞原形]beanadvocatefor/of……擁護(hù)者advocaterewardingyourchildforgoodbehavior提倡對孩子的良好表現(xiàn)加以獎勵[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Weadvocatesolving(solve)theSyriaissuebynegotiations.②Aspresident，Bushwasalsoastrongadvocateforimmigrationreform.③Thereportadvocatedthatallbuildingswerefittedwithsmokedetectors.were→be[鏈接寫作]——句式升級(普通表達(dá))Theyadvocatethatthey(should)reduceairpollution.(高級表達(dá))Theyadvocate_reducingairpollution.(簡單句)(高級表達(dá))It_is_advocated_thattheyshouldreduceairpollution.(it作形式主語)6．a(chǎn)doptvt.采用，采納；收養(yǎng)(1)adoptapolicy/habit采用某項(xiàng)政策/習(xí)慣(2)adoptedadj.被收養(yǎng)的；被采用的adoptableadj.可收養(yǎng)的，可采用的adoptionn．采用，采納；收養(yǎng)adoptachild領(lǐng)養(yǎng)孩子adoptone'ssuggestion采納某人的建議theadoptedson養(yǎng)子[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Thenewpolicyisexpectedto_be_adopted_(adopt)atthenextmeeting.②Dannyistheiradopted(adopt)son.③Sherefusedtogivethechildupforadoption(adopt)．④Thenewtechnologyhasbeenmorewidelyadapted.adapted→adopted[鏈接寫作]——完成句子結(jié)果，他們采納了我的建議，一切像計(jì)劃好的一樣順利。Asaresult，theyadopted_my_advice，andeverythingwentwellasplanned.7．meansn.方式，方法；手段bymeansof借助……的手段byallmeans可以，當(dāng)然行；盡一切辦法，務(wù)必bynomeans決不，一點(diǎn)也不(置于句首，其后要倒裝)bythismeans用這種方法[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Itisbynomeansclearwhatthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.②Onlybythismeansisitpossibletopersuadehim.③Asisknowntousall，Marrysucceededbymeansofhardworking.④Theyhavetriedallmeans，whichispossiblyhelpful.is→are[鏈接寫作]——句式升級I'llforgiveyouthistime，butyoushallbynomeansmakethemistakeagain.I'llforgiveyouthistime，butby_no_means_shall_you_make_the_mistake_again.(倒裝句)8．coincidencen．巧合；同時發(fā)生；一致(1)bycoincidence碰巧，巧合的是……Itis/wasacoincidencethat...……是巧合的Whatacoincidence！真巧！(2)coincidev．巧合coincidewith...與……同時發(fā)生，一致(3)coincidentadj.巧合的；一致的[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Bycoincidence，wearrivedhereatthesametime.②Thetwomurdercasesweresosimilartoeachother;itwasnotacoincidenceatall.③Theresultsoftheoryiscoincident(coincidence)withthatofexperiment.④Withcoincidenceabusarrivedaswereachedtheemptybusstop，butweignoredit.With→By[鏈接寫作]——完成句子我今天下午的兩個面試時間上錯不開。Mytwointerviewsthisafternooncoincide_with_each_other.(coincidewith)9．considerateadj.體貼的；想得周到的(1)beconsiderateto/toward/ofsb.體貼某人It'sconsiderateofsb.todosth.某人做某事真是周到beconsideratetodosth.(做某事)周到的，體貼的(2)considervt.考慮；認(rèn)為considerdoingsth.考慮做某事considersb.(tobe/as)．..認(rèn)為某人是……allthingsconsidered綜觀一切，將一切考慮在內(nèi)(3)considerableadj.相當(dāng)大的；相當(dāng)多的(4)consideringprep.&conj.考慮到，鑒于beconsideratetotheold對老人很體貼oconsideration考慮到某事[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①SinceIamnowpreparingfortheCollegeEntranceExamination，mymotherisveryconsiderateofme.②Iseriouslyconsideredresigning(resign)．③Consideredthestrengthoftheopposition，wedidverywelltoscoretwogoals.Considered→Considering[鏈接寫作]——句式升級(普通表達(dá))Hetookalltheaspectsintoconsiderationanddesignedagoodpattern.(高級表達(dá))Taking_all_the_aspects_into_consideration，hedesignedagoodpattern.(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)(高級表達(dá))All_the_aspects_taken_into_consideration，hedesignedagoodpattern.(獨(dú)立主格)10．referto涉及，提及；談到；參考；查閱；指的是(1)refertosb./sth.提及某人/事refertothedictionary/notes查詞典/筆記(2)referencen．提及；征求；查閱makeareferenceto提到，談到referencebook參考書refertothenotes參閱筆記refertoglobalwarming提到全球氣候變暖[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中referto的含義①Don'trefertothismatteragain，please.提及②Forfurtherparticulars，pleaserefertoChapterTen.查閱③Excuseme，whatdothesewordsinbracketsreferto？指的是[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句改錯Thebookreferredtocrimewasboughtlastweek.referred→referring[鏈接寫作]——完成句子提到的那本書不在圖書館。Thebookreferred_toisnotinthelibrary.11．leadto引起，導(dǎo)致，造成(后果)；通向leadsb.tosth.引領(lǐng)某人leadsb.todosth.引導(dǎo)某人做某事leadtheway領(lǐng)路；處于領(lǐng)先地位leadsb.bythenose牽著某人的鼻子走leada...life過著……的生活[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Youmaywonderhowpavingaroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.②Iwanttoknowwhatledyouto_take(take)upactingasacareer.③Theoldcoupleleadahappylifenow.[鏈接寫作]——完成句子什么使得你得出了這個結(jié)論？Whatled_you_to_this_conclusion？(leadsb.to)12．a(chǎn)nswerfor對……負(fù)責(zé)；為……受譴責(zé)inanswer(tosth.)＝asareply作為回應(yīng)answer(sb.)back反駁；回嘴；頂嘴answertosb.(forsth.)向某人(為某事)負(fù)責(zé)；對某人承擔(dān)(某事的)責(zé)任[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Thedoctorcameatonceinanswertomyphonecall.②Stopansweringyourmotherback![鏈接寫作]——完成句子必須讓他為嚴(yán)重罪行付出代價。Hemustbemadetoanswer_for_his_terrible_crimes.(answerfor)13．inturn依次；輪流；反過來byturns輪流，交替地taketurnsdoing/todosth.輪流做某事it'sone'sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事inreturn作為回報inreturnfor...作為……的回報[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Hegetscheerfulanddepressedbyturns.②Thepupilstookturns(turn)readingouttheircompositions.③Iamondutytoday，it'smyturnto_clean(clean)theclassroom.④Whenitwasmyturnstospeak，myconfidencesuddenlydesertedme.turns→turn[鏈接寫作]——一句多譯他們輪流開車。①They_took_turns_to_drive_the_car.②They_took_turns_in_driving_the_car.③They_drove_the_car_by_turns.14．(教材P6)Given_this_data，itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesandrisingglobaltemperaturesisnotmerelyacoincidence.鑒于這些數(shù)據(jù)，看起來人類活動與正在升高的地球溫度之間的聯(lián)系并不僅僅是巧合。[句法句式]本句中g(shù)iven為介詞，意思為“鑒于……”(表示原因)。另外，它還可以與that連用，構(gòu)成連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的這類連詞還有：considering(that)鑒于，考慮到seeingthat既然，鑒于[名師點(diǎn)津]下列連詞引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語從句：assuming(that)；provided/providing(that)；suppose/supposing(that)[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空/單句改錯①Given(give)thathesupportsus，we'llwintheelection.②Considering(consider)hewasstillaboy，Iforgavehim.③Iwillagreetogoprovided/providing_(provide)thatmyexpensesarepaid.④Supposedthatyoucomeintoalotofmoney，whatwouldyoudothen？Supposed→Supposing[鏈接寫作]——完成句子考慮到你生病了，我們最好推遲會議。Given_that_you_are_sick，we'dbetterputoffthemeeting.15．(教材P10)The_last_few_years_have_seenenvironmentaldisastersonagrandscale，andexpertsarepredictingfarworsetocome.近幾年一些環(huán)境災(zāi)難大規(guī)模出現(xiàn)，專家們預(yù)測更壞的局面即將來臨。[句法句式]句中thelastfewyears作主語，see作謂語，意為“經(jīng)歷；目睹”，這種擬人修辭手法表達(dá)既簡練又生動。擬人修辭手法把事物人格化，使本來不具備人的動作和感情的一些動、植物變得像人一樣能說能笑。英語中使用擬人修辭手法的句子，主語通常是表示時間、地點(diǎn)或心愛之物，如車、船等的名詞；謂語動詞常為see，witness，find等。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Thelast30yearshave_witnessed(witness)therapiddevelopmentofChina.②TheNationalDayofthisyearsaw(see)somanytrafficjamsontheexpressway.[鏈接寫作]——完成句子我們的城市四季分明，陽光和雨量充沛，但在冬天，你可能會覺得有點(diǎn)兒冷。Ourcitywitenessedfour_different_seasons，plentyofsunshineandgoodrainfall，butinwinteryoumayfeelalittlecold.多維訓(xùn)練——夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)維度1——用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Thereisanarrowroadleading(lead)totheoldhouse.2．Asteachers，weshouldbeconsiderate(consider)ofourstudents'feelings.Andthentheywilltrustus.3．Given(give)thatthereisnotrafficdelay，Iwillbehereontime.4．Soontheadopted(adopt)childbecameveryfondofheradoptiveparents.5．Toreleaseadvocatesreading(read)aloudtochildrenassoonaspossible.維度2——在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1．Itisn'twisetospendallyoursalarieseverymonth.Keepsomemoneyinreserve，justincase.2．Languageisthecarrierofcultureandinturnit'sinfluencedbyculture.3．Ifyougoondoingthis，wewon'tanswerfortheconsequence.4．Thatkindofluckisnotrealandonlyhappensbycoincidence.5．Theroomconnectswiththedininghallbymeansofahallway.維度3——查缺補(bǔ)漏1．IneverfeltIachievedagreatdealinmylife，apartfrombringing(bring)mychildrenintotheworld.2．Iftherehadbeenanytalking，itwouldhave_caused(cause)ustolearnless.3．AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgotseparated(separate)frommyfriends.4．Allinall，ithasbeenaprettybadyearforhim.5．Thesecommentsarenotdirectlyrelevanttothisenquiry.語篇練習(xí)——提升能力提能一單元話題語篇練根據(jù)教材課文P6內(nèi)容，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。GlobalwarmingreferstoanaverageincreaseintheEarth'stemperature，1.whichinturnleadstoclimatechange.Scientistsholdtheviewthatitcouldbeoneofthebiggestproblems2.facing(face)the21stcentury.Someofthescientistshavereportedthatitishumanbeingsthat3.are_causing(cause)changesintheEarth'sclimate；forinthelast50years，gases4.pumped(pump)intotheEarth'satmospherebythefactoriesandvehicleshavebeenspeedinguptheprocessofglobalwarming.Itseemsthatthelinkbetweenhumanactivitiesand5.rising(rise)global