高三英語二輪復習細節(jié)理解題的解題技法講義

專攻解題方法與技巧細節(jié)理解題的解題技法Ⅰ.解題步驟在解答細節(jié)理解題時，考生可采取“關鍵詞定位法”，即“帶著問題找答案”。先從題干中提取關鍵詞(題眼)，然后以此為線索，運用略讀及尋讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此關鍵詞相關的段落、語句，快速定位該題與哪一段、哪一句有關，然后仔細推敲，仔細比對所給選項與文中細節(jié)的細微區(qū)別，在準確理解細節(jié)的前提下，最后確定答案。Ⅱ.選項特征1．正確選項特征原文原詞 利用原文原詞作為正確選項同義替換 指對原文句子中的關鍵詞進行同義替換。如把loseone'sjob換成beoutofwork。有些細節(jié)理解題把原文中的一些詞變換了詞性，如把important變換成了ofimportance；改變原文中句子的語態(tài)，如主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉換信息歸納 用精練的語言來概括原文中比較分散或復雜的信息，設置為正確答案正話反說 把原文中的意思反過來表達而成為正確選項2．干擾選項特征張冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內容無中生有 符合常識，但不是文章的內容曲解文意 與原文的內容極其相似，只是在某個細節(jié)處有些變動顛倒是非 在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反正誤參半 部分正確，部分錯誤Ⅲ.可用的常識性判斷1．出題順序和行文順序大體一致。2．僅僅符合常識的不一定對，不符合常識的往往錯。3．同義替換往往是答案，過于絕對往往是錯誤選項，文章主旨一般都會傳遞正能量。4．留意文中but/however、感嘆號、問號、破折號、長難句等經常設題處。二、細節(jié)理解題的解題示范[典例1](2022·全國乙卷·A篇節(jié)選)SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.23．Howcanfull-timestudentsgetgroupdiscounts?A．TheyshouldgoonSundaymornings.B．Theyshouldcomefromartschools.C．Theymustbeledbyteachers.D．TheymusthaveIDcardswiththem.[解題示范]題型：點式細節(jié)題——直接細節(jié)題。解題步驟：一定 選定題干中的兩個關鍵詞語full-timestudents和getgroupdiscounts。二找 根據(jù)關鍵詞找到原文中的信息源Aspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation,uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel,inorganisedgroupswithteachers.三比對 A項——文章中并未提到，是典型的無中生有，主觀臆斷。B項——本文內容雖然與畫展有關，但并沒有提到參觀者必須是藝術學校的學生，故屬于曲解文意。C項——選項中的led與原文中“organised”是同義替換，即他們必須由教師帶領。故選C。D項——文章中并未提到，是典型的無中生有，主觀臆斷。[典例2](2021·天津3月高考·C篇節(jié)選)Hypnosisisnotastateofsleep:Itisratheramodified(改變的)stateofconsciousness.Thetechnologistwillguidethepatienttothismodifiedstate—animaginaryworldthatwilldisassociateitselfmoreandmorefromtheprocedurethatfollows.47．AccordingtoParagraph5,hypnosisworksby________.A．creatingaperfectworldforpatientsB．forcingpatientsintoastateofdeepsleepC．puttingpatientsintoanunconsciousstateD．leadingpatients'consciousnessawayfromreality[解題示范]題型：網式細節(jié)題——歸納概括題。解題步驟：一定 根據(jù)題干選定三個關鍵詞Paragraph5，hypnosis和works。二找 根據(jù)關鍵詞定位到原文第五段。三比對 A項——文中說的是“animaginaryworld”(一個虛構的世界)，虛構的世界可好可壞，不等同于一個完美的世界，屬于曲解文意。B項——第一句明確說到催眠不是一種睡眠狀態(tài)，因此逼迫病人進入深度睡眠是一種錯誤的說法，屬于顛倒是非。C項——第一句的后半句說催眠是一種被改變了的意識狀態(tài)，那就不是無意識狀態(tài)，若將anunconsciousstate改成amodifiedconsciousness則C選項正確，故C選項屬于正誤參半。D項——第一句的后半句說催眠是一種被改變了的意識狀態(tài)，而第二句提到改變的形式“技術人員將引領病人進入一個虛構的世界”，這是典型的同義替換，leading對應guide，awayfromreality對應animaginaryworld。故選D?？忌朐诩毠?jié)理解題上拿高分并不難，這就需要細心和耐心，重點識別干擾項陷阱和理解細節(jié)信息。有些干擾選項要對原文中提供的信息進行簡單的思維加工后才可排除，認真分析句子，讀懂后再答題；對一些模棱兩可、無把握的選項，可用排除法輔助答題。練習A(2022·濟南模擬)Ihavebeenreceivingsomuchkindness.Itwasdifficultforanindependentgirllikemetoacceptitatfirst.Attimes,myfinancialsituationisnotthebest.Butwiththatcomesagreatlessoninappreciation,budgeting,anddecidingwhatisandwhatisn'timportant.AfewtimesI'vehadtoputofforevengiveupthings.Becauseofmyscarcityofmoney,Ihadtogiveupakeep-fitexercise,whichissomethingIliketotreatmyselftoregularly.WhenmycoachLisaheardaboutthis,sheofferedmetrainingatahighlydiscountedprice.Atfirstthismademeveryuncomfortable.IfearedthatshewouldwronglythinkthatIwasgoingtobargainandofcourseIwasn't.Instead,Iwasjustbeinghonestaboutmysituationbeingshortofmoney.Ifinallyacceptedheroffer,rememberingthatIdeservekindness,too.Anothertime,Inoticedafriendofminesellinghisoldexercisebike,whichwasperfectforme,asIwaslookingtoreplacemybrokenone.ItoldhimthatIwouldtakeitwhenIhadthemoney,butthenlifegotintheway.WhenIfinallygotthetimetopickitup,Irealizedmyfinancialshortcomingsagain.Iaskedhimifhecouldholdontoitforonemoreweek,asthenI'dhavefundsagain.Hewashappytodothis,butinsteadheinsistedonofferingmethebikeasagift.Anotheropportunitypresentsitselftoteachmehowtoacceptkindnesswithdignity.Icontinuetoslowlylearnhowtoacceptkindnessfromothers.Infact,therelationshipbetweengivingandreceivingiscloselylinked.Whenyouacceptkindnessfromotherswithjoy,theywillfeelhappy,too.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者接受別人好意的經歷：她從一開始不適應，到后來有尊嚴地接受。作者意識到，事實上，給予和接受之間是緊密相連的，當你愉快地接受別人的好意時，他們也會感到快樂。1．WhatwastheauthorafraidofwhenLisadidherafavor?A．Beingpunished.B．Beingmisunderstood.C．Acceptinghercoach'sstricttraining.D．Givingawaythesecretofherbeingshortofmoney.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。本題屬于點式細節(jié)題——間接細節(jié)題。信息定位并比對：根據(jù)題干中的afraidof可定位至第二段中的“Ifearedthat...”。由第二段中的“Atfirstthismademeveryuncomfortable.IfearedthatshewouldwronglythinkthatIwasgoingtobargainandofcourseIwasn't.”可知，當教練莉薩提供了一個非常優(yōu)惠的培訓價格時，作者感到很不舒服，擔心莉薩會誤解她要砍價。故選B項。易錯分析：文中雖然提到作者缺錢，但是并不是作者所害怕的，D項屬于曲解文意。2．Howdidtheauthorgetthesecond-handexercisebike?A．Shepaidmuchmoneyforit.B．Shegotitforfree.C．Sheboughtitfromhercoach.D．Sheborroweditfromherfriend.解析：選B細節(jié)理解題。本題屬于網式細節(jié)題——歸納概括題。信息定位并比對：根據(jù)題干中的getthesecond-handexercisebike可定位至第三段中的“Hewashappytodothis,butinsteadheinsistedonofferingmethebikeasagift.”，作者的朋友堅持要把自行車作為禮物送給她，所以作者免費得到了這輛二手的健身自行車。故選B項。易錯分析：A項在文中未提及，屬于無中生有；自行車是朋友的而不是教練的，屬于張冠李戴，排除C項；D項在文中并未提及，屬于無中生有，所以也排除。B(2022·武漢模擬)Whendidyoulastbuyanything？Maybeyouarelookingforwardtoashoppingtripattheweekend,butwillitmakeyouhappy？Intheshortterm,theanswermightbeyes.However,somepeoplethinkitmightnotbegoodforourhealthandhappinessinthelongterm.OneofthebusiestshoppingdaysoftheyearintheUSisBlackFriday(thefourthFridayofNovember),whichhasspreadaroundtheworld.However,noteveryonewillbequeuingforabargain.In1992，BuyNothingDaystartedinCanadaandnowmorethansixtycountriestakepart.Theirmessageissimple：“Participatebynotparticipating.”Fortwenty-fourhoursonthefourthFridayofNovember,peopledonotbuyanythingatall.Somepeoplechoosetospendtimewithfriendsandfamilyinstead.Othersjoinprotests.Butwhat'sthepoint?Everysinglepurchasethatyoumakehassomekindofeffectontheplanet.Makingtheproductsandtransportingthemtotheshopsusealotofnaturalresources.Whentheyarenolongerinfashion,theproductswillendupinthedustbin.Allthiscontributestoairandwaterpollution,thedestructionofourenvironmentandsocialinequality.Thesocialinfluenceofourspendinghabitsisalsoserious.Peopleinconsumeristculturearemorelikelytosufferfromfinancialproblemsandstress.Inordertobuyexpensiveproducts,peopleworklonghoursandthereforespendlesstimewithfamilyandfriends.CriticsofBuyNothingDaysayit'smeaninglessbecausepeoplewilljustbuymorethefollowingday.ButtheorganizersarguethatBuyNothingDaymakespeoplethinkabouttheconsequencesofconsumptionandmaybemakesomechangestotheirlifestyle.語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。文章圍繞購物這個話題，講述了BuyNothingDay的意義：可以挽救地球和環(huán)境；挽救和朋友以及家人的關系以及減少工作時間，在某種程度上起一定作用。3．HowcanpeopleparticipateinBuyNothingDay?A．BynotparticipatinginanyadvertisementforBlackFriday.B．BynotbuyinganythingonfourFridaysofNovember.C．Byspendingtimeshoppingwithfriendsandfamily.D．BynotgoingshoppingonBlackFriday.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。本題屬于點式細節(jié)題——直接細節(jié)題。信息定位并比對：根據(jù)題干中的participate可定位在第二段。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theirmessageissimple:‘Participatebynotparticipating.’Fortwenty-fourhoursonthef