高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Unit4地球與宇宙奧秘探索練習(xí)含解析新人教版必修

PAGEPAGE7地球與宇宙奧秘探索一、主題語基拓展練(一)主題詞匯盤查(已會(huì)詞匯，在□內(nèi)打“√”；欠熟練詞匯，多翻閱識(shí)記)①microscope □ ②experiment □③invention □④message □⑤latitude □⑥component □⑦patent □⑧function □⑨advance □⑩contribute □?automatic □?digital □?portable □?scientific □?technical □?telescope □?globe □?orbit □?comet □?equator □(二)主題詞匯訓(xùn)練Ⅰ.寫出下列各句中加黑詞的漢語意思1．Anewsatellitehasbeenputintoorbitaroundtheearth. 軌道2．Severelowtemperaturesvarywithlatitudeanddistancefromtheocean. 緯度3．Theprotectionofpatentrightshasbeenfurtherstrengthened. 專利4．Alltheplanetsorbitthesuninroughlythesameplane,rounditsequator. 赤道5．It'shopedthatthetelescopewillenablescientiststoseedeeperintotheuniversethaneverbefore. 望遠(yuǎn)鏡6．ThenewdigitaltechnologywouldallowarapidexpansioninthenumberofTVchannels. 數(shù)字的7．Mywatchisautomatic,sothere'snoneedtowindit. 自動(dòng)的8．Thefunctionofthecellsisnotknown. 功能Ⅱ.單句語法填空1．Thisprojectinvolvesalotofcomplextechnical(technology)problems.2．Seatedinthefirstlinearesomeadvanced(advance)workers.3．ShewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinChemistryforherscientific(science)achievements.4．Heisrespectedbypeoplefromallovertheworldbecauseofthegreatcontributions(contribute)．5．InancientChinawehadmanyadvancedinventions(invent)，whichledtotoday'scivilizationanddevelopment.6．Nowthatweareallpartoftheglobal(globe)village,everyoneshouldprotectit.二、主題語篇押題練Ⅰ.閱讀理解“I'mready，”saidAlyssaCarson，anow17-year-oldastronaut-in-trainingfromBatonRouge，Louisiana.Forher，ridingthemostaggressiverollercoasterintheparkisnotabigdeal.Ifallgoesaccordingtoherplans,NASAwillsendhertoMarsin2033,makingherthefirsthumantostepfootontheplanet.Shewillspendtwotothreeyearsdoingsomethingonit,growingfood,performingscienceexperiments,andsearchingforsignsoflife.“TheMartianisactuallyveryaccurate，”shesaid.“Alotofthethingsthathappenedinthemoviearesimilartowhatisgoingtohappen.”She'sdevotedherentirelifetopreparingforthisjourney.Herloveforspacestartedwhenshewas3yearsoldandwatchedacartooncalledTheBackyardigans.Fiveanimalpalsgoonimaginaryadventuresintheirbackyardincludingonepart,amissiontoMars.“Ithought‘Thisredplanetissocool’，”shesaid.“IstartedwatchingvideosofroverslandingonMars.IhadalargemapofMarsinmyroomIwouldlookat.Westartedgettingtelescopessowecouldlookatspace.”At7herfathertookhertoUSSpaceCampinHuntsville,AlabamaAtfirstshemasteredthebasicsofspaceandhowhumanshaveexploreditthroughouttime.Asshegotoldershesimulated(模擬)missions，tryingtoreachadestinationingravity-free,weightlesszones.Whenshewas9,shemetNASAastronautSandraMagnus.Theexperiencedexplorertoldhershewasthesameageasherwhenshedecidedtogotospace.AtthatmomentAlyssaknewherloveofspacewasnotapassinghobby.“Ididthesamethingasotherkids，likeswitchingmymindaboutcareers,wantingtobeateacherorthepresidentoneday，”shesaid.“ButthewayIalwaysthoughtaboutitwasIwouldbecomeanastronaut，gotoMars，comeback，andthenbeateacherorthepresident.”語篇解讀：AlyssaCarson從小就夢(mèng)想能登上火星，多年來她一直在為實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)夢(mèng)想而努力準(zhǔn)備著。1．WhyisAlyssaCarsongreat?A．BecauseshehascreatedmodelmissionstoMars.B．Becausesheistheyoungesttohavecompletedastronauttraining.C．BecausesheislikelytobethefirsthumantoperformdifferenttasksonMars.D．BecauseshehasvisitedthespacecampinHuntsville，Alabamafornearly20times.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“NASAwillsendhertoMarsin2033...searchingforsignsoflife”可推知，AlyssaCarson之所以偉大，是因?yàn)樗龑⒂锌赡艹蔀榈谝粋€(gè)登上火星并在火星上執(zhí)行多種任務(wù)的人。2．NASAastronautSandraMagnusismentionedinthelastparagraphtostress.A．thepowerofspacedreamB．thepopularityofspacetravelC．theimportanceofcareerchoiceD．theexcitementofhergoingintospace解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theexperiencedexplorertoldher...wasnotapassinghobby.”可推知，作者在這里提到SandraMagnus是為了表明這位宇航員對(duì)AlyssaCarson的影響，AlyssaCarson因?yàn)檫@位宇航員的話，更加堅(jiān)定了自己登上火星的夢(mèng)想。3．Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?A．TointroduceAmericanspaceindustry.B．ToimprovethevaluesofAmericanteens.C．ToencouragetourstoMars.D．TopresentarisingAmericanspacestar.解析：選D寫作意圖題。文章介紹了AlyssaCarson登上火星的夢(mèng)想的緣由、她為之所做的努力以及對(duì)該夢(mèng)想的看法；此外，根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，AlyssaCarson將有可能成為第一個(gè)登上火星的人。故D項(xiàng)符合題意。Ⅱ.完形填空Inmychildhood,therewerenosmartphonesorcomputers.Still,Ineverfeltbored.Thefield,1andwoodlandsaroundmyhomeweretheperfectplayground.Icanrememberoncehikingtoanearby2andwalkingslowlyaroundit.AtthebackofitIwasamazedtofindanolddirtroadthatIhadneverseenbefore.Itwasfullofmuddytyretracksanddeepwoodsbordereditonbothsides,but3itstillseemedlikeafineadventure.I4onandonforwhatseemedlikehours.Iwassuresomeonewas5inmyearstoaskmetoturnaroundand6backhomebutIwas7andevenabitstupid,soIwalkedon.Therewasstillneitheracarnorahouse8.Mylegsweregettingtired.InoticedthatthesunwasstartingtogodownandIgrew9.Ididn'twanttoendup10onthisroadinthedarkofnight,andIwasworriedthatitwouldbedark11Icontinuedtowalkonwiththefeargrowinginsideofme.Myheartwas12andmylegswereaching.WhenI13onelastcornerandsawahousethatI14，Ijumpedupanddownandlaughedoutloud.Iknewthewayhome!Itwasstilloveramileaway,but15feltlikefeathers.I16intothehousewithabigsmilejustintimefordinner.ThenIendedmyadventurewithagoodnight'ssleep.IrememberedthisrecentlywhenIsawa17thatsaid,“Allroadsleadhome.”Thisistrue.Ialsorememberedasage(智者)comparedlifetoajourney.Arewegoingtomakethislifeaterrible18orarewegoingtomakethelifeajoyfulone?It19ourownchoice.Allroadsnomatterhowtheytwistandturn,can20ushomeinourhearts.Mayyoualwayswalkyourpathwithlove!Mayyoualwayshelpyourfellowtravelersalongtheway!語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇毖刂呉粭l不熟悉的小路散步，不知不覺天色已晚，“我”很害怕但還是在晚飯前回到了家?；丶业穆凡恢挂粭l，心中有家，總能找到回家的路。1．A.towns B．farmsC．hills D．villages解析：選C根據(jù)上句，并結(jié)合該句“Thefield,andwoodlandsaroundmyhomeweretheperfectplayground.”可知，“我”家周圍的田野、山地(hills)、樹林都是完美的游樂場(chǎng)，故C項(xiàng)正確。2．A.lake B．farmhouseC．forest D．highway解析：選A根據(jù)該句中的“andwalkingslowlyaroundit”，并結(jié)合第二段尾句中的“thelake”可以推斷，“我”繞著附近的一個(gè)湖泊(lake)散步；A項(xiàng)意為“湖泊”，故A項(xiàng)正確。3．A.appreciating B．refusingC．introducing D．exploring解析：選D根據(jù)上文中的“AtthebackofitIwasamazedtofindanolddirtroadthatIhadneverseenbefore.”可知，這條古舊的土路“我”從來沒有看到過；結(jié)合該句內(nèi)容可知，土路上滿是泥濘的輪胎印跡，兩邊是深林，但探索(exploring)它仍然像是一次美妙的冒險(xiǎn)。D項(xiàng)意為“探索”，故D項(xiàng)正確。4．A.drove B．walkedC．flew D．rode解析：選B根據(jù)上文“walkingslowly”可以推斷“我”一直走(walked)，似乎走了幾個(gè)小時(shí)，故B項(xiàng)正確。下文中的“walkedon”亦是提示。5．A.scolding B．whisperingC．singing D．waving解析：選B根據(jù)該句中的“inmyears”，并結(jié)合全句內(nèi)容可知，“我”確信有人在“我”的耳邊低語(whispering)；B項(xiàng)意為“低語”，故B項(xiàng)正確。6．A.wander B．landC．pace D．head解析：選D根據(jù)該句中的“turnaroundand”和“backhome”可知，有一個(gè)人在“我”耳邊低語，讓“我”轉(zhuǎn)身、回家；headbackhome意為“回家”，故D項(xiàng)正確。7．A.stubborn B．desperateC．sad D．a(chǎn)nxious解析：選A根據(jù)該句中的“andevenabitstupid,soIwalkedon”可推知，空處應(yīng)和形容詞“stupid”對(duì)應(yīng)，故A項(xiàng)“固執(zhí)的”，符合語境。8．A.inorder B．incomfortC．insight D．inneed解析：選C根據(jù)該句“Therewasstillneitheracarnorahouse”，并結(jié)合上文的內(nèi)容可知，“我”沿著一條古舊的土路一直走，仍然看不到一輛車、一間房子；C項(xiàng)意為“看得見，在視野內(nèi)”，符合語境，故C項(xiàng)正確。9．A.thrilled B．disappointedC．a(chǎn)stonished D．scared解析：選D根據(jù)該句中的“Inoticedthatthesunwasstartingtogodown”及常識(shí)可推知，“我”注意到太陽開始下山了，“我”感到害怕(scared)。10．A.exposed B．trappedC．injured D．worried解析：選B根據(jù)語境可推知，“我”不想在黑夜里被困(trapped)在這條路上；B項(xiàng)意為“被困的”，故B項(xiàng)正確。11．A.though B．ifC．when D．before解析：選D根據(jù)語境可知，“我”擔(dān)心在“我”再次回到湖邊之前(before)天會(huì)黑下來。12．A.beating B．sinkingC．blocking D．racing解析：選D根據(jù)空前一句“Icontinuedtowalkonwiththefeargrowinginsideofme.”可知，“我”繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，心里越來越害怕；據(jù)此可以推斷，“我”的心急速跳動(dòng)(racing)著，雙腿隱隱作痛；D項(xiàng)意為“急速跳動(dòng)”，故D項(xiàng)正確。13．A.searched B．turnedC．checked D．examined解析：選B根據(jù)該句中的“WhenIonelastcornerandsawahouse”可知，當(dāng)“我”轉(zhuǎn)過最后一個(gè)拐角時(shí)，“我”看到了一幢房子；B項(xiàng)意為“轉(zhuǎn)彎”，故B項(xiàng)正確。14．A.owned B．overlookedC．recognized D．defined解析：選C根據(jù)該句中的“Ijumpedupanddownandlaughedoutloud”可知，“我”上下跳了起來，并笑出了聲；據(jù)此可以推斷，“我”認(rèn)出(recognized)了一幢房子；C項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)出”，故C項(xiàng)正確。15．A.arms B．legsC．head D．hands解析：選B根據(jù)空前一句“Iknewtheway