考研常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)

考研葡譯炙熱考點(diǎn)

英語(yǔ)漢語(yǔ)

1

用詞多變異

2

表述多抽象表述多具體

3

句子多被動(dòng)句子多主動(dòng)

4

句子多糅合句子多分解

5

句子重邏輯句子重語(yǔ)義

6

倒裝

2

省略

從多變到一致

以語(yǔ)境為媒介！

1.英漢詞匯均多義——義由境生

Soitisabitconfusing

whenVosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheJoe（.，ilQ1、100）as,

Whatthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?

Ortheofluckuu<icoiiiciclcncc,

2.英語(yǔ)用詞多替換——互文現(xiàn)義

（近義詞、指代關(guān)系）

Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconscious

comfortoffamiliarroutine."Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,“WilliamWordsworth

saidinthe19thcentury.

Themonkey'smostextraordinaryaccomplishmentwaslearningtotractor.Bytheageof

nine,ithadlearnedtotplojonthevehicle.

Therewillbetelevisionshowshostedbyrobots,

andBMwithpollutionmonitors

統(tǒng)willdisable\iem

whentheyoffend.

3.【真題范例】

Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentinwhichtheylive,thussubjectingall

otherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasandfancies.[2003-61-36]

而且，人類(lèi)還有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境，從而是讓所有其它形態(tài)的生命服從人類(lèi)自己獨(dú)特的

想法和想象。

Scientistsjumpedtotherescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidence...

[2010-46-31]

科學(xué)家趕快用明顯站不住腳的證據(jù)來(lái)救駕

hebelievesthatthisverydifficulty...

[2008-46-32]

Darwinwasconvincedthat

thelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness

[2008-50-33]

【返回】

二.從抽象到具體

1.名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞詞組或分句

Neithersorrownorregretfollowedpassionateoutburst.

Evenanelementaryknowledgeofstatisticsissufficienttoenablethejournalisttoavoidmisleading

hisreaders.

2.動(dòng)詞加入適當(dāng)?shù)馁e語(yǔ)或轉(zhuǎn)義（狀語(yǔ)）

TheremenwrofeandpublishedextensivelL

reachingbothNewWorldandOldWorldaudiences、

andgivingNewEnglandanatmosphereofintellectualeamestness.

3.【真題范例】

Thisseems

這種觀點(diǎn)看似

dijustificationforneglectofthoseinneed,

just->justify-^justification

在證明忽視那些經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù)的人是正確的

andarationalization

剝削

thesuperiorityofthoseatthetopand

theinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.

Rational->rationalize

也在證明剝削、社會(huì)上層的優(yōu)越感及社會(huì)底層的自卑感是合理的。

[2011-48-31]

【返回】

從被動(dòng)到主動(dòng)

MarywaskissedbyJohn.

1.若by后為動(dòng)作發(fā)出者，以其為主語(yǔ)，將句子主動(dòng)化翻譯；

Whatmeasureshavebeenorarebeingadoptedbythegovernmenttoreduceairpollution?

將“被”轉(zhuǎn)換為“得到"受到"遭到"或“由”;

Thediscoveryishighlyappreciatedinthecircleofscience.

TheApolloXIIcrewreported

thattheirspaceshipwavbeingfollowedbytwoUFOs.

Thisconferenceispresidedoverbyme.

3.可以加入虛擬主語(yǔ)（人們、我們）或邏輯主語(yǔ)（推導(dǎo)），將句子主動(dòng)化翻譯；

Theareahasbeenmarkedoutforbuildingmorehotels.

Interestinhistoricmethodhasarisen.

Thisresearchwasconducted300yearsago.

Inthisresearch,themetalshouldbeheatedtoabout3000C.

4.可以將被動(dòng)句靈活轉(zhuǎn)換為判斷句或祈使句（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）

MyfirstfortyyearswerespentinSouthernEurope.

Newsourcesofpowermustbefound,

Thisproblemmustbesolved.

andthiswilltaketime,butitisnotlikelyto....

5.被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)

shouldberealizedthal...

maybesaidwithoutfearofexaggeration|that....

Itcannotbedeniedthat...不可否認(rèn)

Ithasbeenillustratedthat...據(jù)說(shuō)明；據(jù)圖示；圖中表示

Ithasbeenprovedthat...已經(jīng)證明

Itis(usually)consideredhat...據(jù)（通常）估計(jì)；人們（通常）認(rèn)為

Itisassumedthat...假定

Itisbelievedthat...大家相信

Itisallegedthat...據(jù)稱(chēng)

Itisdemonstratedthat...已經(jīng)證明，文中（圖中）表明

Itisestimatedthat...據(jù)估計(jì)

Itisexpectedthat...人們希望

Itisfoundthat...據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)；人們認(rèn)為

Itisgenerallyagreed/recognizedthat….人們通常認(rèn)為/承認(rèn)

Itishoped/stilltobehopedthat...（我們）希望/仍希望

Itismentionedthat...據(jù)說(shuō)

Itisnoticed/notedthat...人們注意到/前面已經(jīng)指出

Itisproposedthat...有人提議（指出）

Itisrecommendedthat...有人推薦

Itisregardedthat...人們認(rèn)為

Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道

Itissaidthat...據(jù)說(shuō)

Itisstressedthat...人們強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)

Itissupposedthat...據(jù)推測(cè)；假定

Itisthoughtthat...有人認(rèn)為

Itisuniversallyacceptedthat...普遍認(rèn)為

Itiswellknownthat...眾所周知

Itiswellknownthat...必須承認(rèn)

Itshouldbepointedoutthat...必須指出

Itwillbeseenfromitthat...由此可見(jiàn)

6.【真題范例】

AnditisimaMnedbymany

thaltheoperation-processesofthecommonmindcanbymeansbecomparedwithscicnlisis,

operation-processes,

andhavetobeacquiredbyasortofspecialtraining.

許多人以為，普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無(wú)法與科學(xué)家的思維過(guò)程相比，認(rèn)為這些思維過(guò)程必須經(jīng)

過(guò)某種專(zhuān)門(mén)訓(xùn)練才能掌握。

【返回】

四.從糅合到分解

欣賞：

【英】Thelastfewdayshasfoundmeveryrestless.ThiseveningasIsatintheyardtoenjoythecool,itstruckme

howdifferentthelotuspoolIeverymustlookunderafullmoon.

楊憲益

【漢】這幾天心里頗不寧?kù)o。今晚在院子里坐著乘涼，忽然想起日日走過(guò)的荷塘，在這滿月的光里，總該

另有一番樣子吧。

名詞性從句：

主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從

形容詞從句:

定語(yǔ)從句

副詞性從句：

狀語(yǔ)從句（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、比較）

1.同位語(yǔ)從句

That...

1.跟隨在抽象名詞后，詳解抽象名詞信息；

2.That從句不缺失某個(gè)名詞。

Whether...

Wearecaughtinadilemma,whethershouldview...asablessingorcurse.

可前r同位語(yǔ)”，這……。

可后：.....艮『‘同位語(yǔ)

thattheiournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlvthananordinarycitizen

有人認(rèn)為記者必須比普通人更加深刻的理解法律，但是這種觀點(diǎn)遮直對(duì)既定慣例及媒體特殊責(zé)任的

理解。

但是有一種觀點(diǎn)遮且對(duì)既定慣例及媒體特殊責(zé)任的理解，即記者必須比普通人更加深刻的理解法

律。

Buttheidearestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesof

thenewsmedia.

[2007-48-33]

但是，新聞?dòng)浾弑仨毐绕胀ü窀鼮樯羁痰睦斫夥?，這種觀點(diǎn)是基于對(duì)新聞媒體的即定慣例和特

殊職責(zé)的理解

2.定語(yǔ)從句

l.n.+which/that/who...

Ipurchasedahousethatissurroundedbyariver.

2.n.+prep.+which...

Ipurchasedahousebehindwhichlocatesawell.

3.n.+where/when...

IpurchasedahousewhereImarriedmyfirstwife.

IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIkissedHilaryforthefirsttime.

4????,which/as...

Asisknowntoall,everythinghastwosides.

Everythinghastwosides,whichisknowntoall.

A.與主句相比，若從句簡(jiǎn)短……的”；

B.與主句相比，若從句冗長(zhǎng)：另起語(yǔ)句”；

C.若主句空洞，無(wú)論從句長(zhǎng)短,“……的”；

D.若主從之間蘊(yùn)含某種邏輯關(guān)系，體現(xiàn)這種關(guān)系。

InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-midiagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessfulgroups

在歐洲，就像其他地方一樣，傳媒集團(tuán)的經(jīng)營(yíng)越來(lái)越成功，將有業(yè)務(wù)往來(lái)的電視、廣播、報(bào)紙

及出版業(yè)整合在一起。

whichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newsDauersandpublishinHhouses

thatworkinrelationtooneanother.

[2005-47-34]

在歐洲，就像其他地方一樣，傳媒集團(tuán)越來(lái)越成功，這些集團(tuán)將業(yè)務(wù)彼此相關(guān)的電視、廣播、

報(bào)紙及出版社組合在一起。

Televisionisoneofthemeans

bywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed-...

[2005-46-34]

電視是引發(fā)和傳遞這些情感的手段之一

Wenowliveinaveryneweconomy,aserviceeconomy,whererelationshipsarebecomingmore

importantthanphysicalproducts.I附錄](méi)

現(xiàn)在我們正生活于一種全新的經(jīng)濟(jì)，即服務(wù)性經(jīng)濟(jì)中，各種關(guān)系越來(lái)越比物質(zhì)產(chǎn)品更為重要。

TheGreeksassumed

thatthestructureoflanguagehadsomeconnectionwiththeprocessofthou：

whichtookrootEEurope

longbeforepeoplerealized

languagescouldbehowdiverse.

[2004-61-35]

希臘人認(rèn)為，語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維過(guò)程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。這一觀點(diǎn)在人們尚未認(rèn)識(shí)到語(yǔ)言的千差

萬(wàn)別以前就早已在歐洲扎下了根。

3.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

a.While..

Although...,...

???,■■■?

b.Youngasheis,hehasalready7wives.

Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistory

asthere/historians,

modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoone

thatseeshistoryastheattemWtorecreateandexplainthesignificanteventsofthepast.

[06-48][07-50][08-48][09-48][ll-47]

【返回】

五.從邏輯到語(yǔ)義

Thetimeforsharpeningpencils,arrangingdesks,ratherthanwritinghasended.

1.正義反譯；反義正譯

YouhavelivedUDtothepublicexpectation.

動(dòng)詞:fail,miss,liveupto,ignore,over-look,exclude

Escapeone'sattention

名詞:absence,failure,refusal,ignorance,形容:befarfrom...

雙否：no...but..

Thereisnomanbuthavefault.

HeaddshumblythatperhapshewasSuperiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhich

easilyescapeattention,andinobservingthemcarefully."

他謙虛的補(bǔ)充道，有可能自己“在注意到容易被人忽視的事物并對(duì)其仔細(xì)觀察這兩個(gè)方面優(yōu)于常人。

[2008-49]

Icannotdoit.

Icannotaffordtodoit.

Besuperiorto???

Havethesupcriorit、over???.

Beinferiorto???

AispreferabletoB.

AisseniortoB.

AisjuniortoB?

2.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)

選擇關(guān)系

多少關(guān)系

moreAthanB;

lessBthanA;

notsomuchBas/butA

完全否定

nomoreAthanB,

notAanymorethanB

noAanymorethanB.

否定遞進(jìn)

muchless,

stillless,

tosaynothingof,

nottospeakof,

nottomention,

letalone

區(qū)分形近詞

Nothingbut(elsethan)

Anythingbut(elsethan)

Mr.Fuisnothinebut(only)ahooligan.

Mr.Fuisanythingbut(except)ahooligan.

Itwasacuriousexchange^Jessadebatethanaquarrelbetweentwoaggressivemen,

eachofwhomdeterminedtoimpresstheaudienceasmorepeacefulthantheother.

這是一次奇妙的交談，與其說(shuō)是兩個(gè)好斗的人之間的一場(chǎng)辯論，還不如說(shuō)是一次吵嘴，雙方都竭力

想使聽(tīng)眾覺(jué)得自己比對(duì)方更愛(ài)和平。

Thereisnoreasonanyoneshouldlimithowmanyhoursyouspendonstudyeveryday,anymore

thantheycanlimithowmuchphysicalexerciseyoudo.

Heknowslittleofmathematics,andstilllessofchemistry.

Theyoungman'sfailureintheNETEMisnothingelsethanhislaziness.

Hisfailurewasduetonothingelsethanhisowncarelessness.

【返回】

六.從倒裝到順暢

1.語(yǔ)法倒裝

部分倒裝：

a.Only強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭，…

b.否定意義的狀語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭

完全倒裝：

1.狀語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭；

2.謂語(yǔ)r移動(dòng)”或“處所”；

3.主語(yǔ)不是代詞。

Undertheamusingappearanceofthecartoonliesatruththat........

[Onlygradually]theby-productoftheinstitutionwasnoted,

and[onlymoregraduallystill]thiseffectwasconsideredasadirectivefactorintheconductofthe

^titutios|

Misconduct

Misdeed

Delinquency

[2009-47-32]

人們只是逐漸的才注意到機(jī)構(gòu)這一副產(chǎn)品，而人們把這一作用視為機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)作的知道因素的過(guò)程則更

為緩慢。

and[perhapsneverbefore]

ithasservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnations

asintherecenteventsinEu