09-2013年五年四川高考英語試題分析及2014考前準(zhǔn)備之動詞時態(tài)_第1頁
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09-2013年五年四川高考英語試題分析及2014考前準(zhǔn)備之動詞時態(tài)LtD第七章動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一、動詞的時態(tài):時態(tài)(tense)是謂語動詞所表示感謝的動作或情況發(fā)生時間的各種形式、英語動詞有16種時態(tài),現(xiàn)以動詞do為例。將16種不同的時態(tài)列表如下:一般進(jìn)行完成完成進(jìn)行現(xiàn)在IdoIamdoingIhavedoneIhavebeendoing過去IdidIwasdoingIhaddoneIhadbeendoing將來IshalldoIshallbedoingIshallhavedoneIshallhavebeendoing過去將來IshoulddoIshouldbedoingIshouldhavedoneIshouldhavebeendoing但是常用的只有11種I.一般現(xiàn)在時(simplepresenttense)①一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成主要由動詞原型表示,當(dāng)主語為單數(shù)第三人稱時選(D)※HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehefromtheuniversitynextyearA.willgraduateB.graduatesC.willhavegraduatedD.istograduate選(D)③有時一般現(xiàn)在表按計劃,規(guī)定要發(fā)生的動作.但限于少數(shù)動詞。如begincome,leave,go,arrive,start,stop,return,open,close如:whattimedoesthetrainleaveforTibet?去西藏的火車什么時候開?Theplanetakesoffat9:00a.m.飛機(jī)在上午9:00起飛.Thefilmstartsat6:30pm.TomorrowisSunday.④表示狀態(tài)和感覺的動詞。如belike,hate,think,remember,find,sound,datefrom,datebackto,等常用一般現(xiàn)在時.如IlikeEnglishverymuch.Thestorysoundsverytouching.⑤書報的標(biāo)題,以說的情節(jié)介紹,圖片說明大都用一般現(xiàn)在時如WhytheBatComesOutOnlyatNight?為什么蝙蝠只在夜晚出來(故事標(biāo)題)Ihavereadthestory“TheCockCrowsatMidnight”.我讀過“半夜雞叫”那個故事⑥表示客觀真理,科學(xué)事實(shí)和格言Lighttravelsfasterthansound.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.Strikewhileitishot.二、一般過去時(simplepasttense)1.規(guī)則動詞一般過去時的構(gòu)成a.一般情況下,在詞尾加上“ed”work+edopen+edb.以“e”結(jié)尾加“d”live+dlike+dmove+dc.以輔音字母加“y”結(jié)尾的,變“y”為“i”+edtry-triedcarry-carriedd.以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫輔音字母,再加ed:stop-stoppedbeg-begged2.用法①主要用于過去某時間發(fā)生的事或存在的狀態(tài)。Heworkedinaglassworksin1998.Hecalledonmethedayhearrivedhere.他到達(dá)這兒的當(dāng)天就拜訪了我。Heusedtoliveinthecountryside.※salesofCDShavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990SwhenpeopletoenjoytheadvantagesofthisnewtechnologyA.beginB.beganC.havebegunD.hadbeginWhen為關(guān)系副詞,所指具體過去時間theearly1990S所以選B※——Imsorry,butthereisnosmokingroominthissectiononthetrain.——Oh,Ithat,andIwon’tsmokeagainA.don’tknow?B.won’tknowC.didn’tknowD.haven’tknown選C我剛才不知道※——Haveyoupersuadedhim?——Yes,Aftersomehoursofdiscussion,Itoreasonhiminacceptingthenewplan.A.hadmanagedB.wouldmanageC.havemanagedD.managed選D對已知結(jié)果的情況下,不再用現(xiàn)在完成時,而用過去時?!獁hatismynewdresslike?——Itisniceonyou.SorryIdidn’tsaysoon.沒早點(diǎn)說。※——IthistimeTomcarefulenough,otherwisehewouldnothavepassedthetest.A.willbeB.wasC.hadbeenD.were選(B)※——What’stheweatherliketomorrow,John?——WellIit,forthescenepicturesdrewmyattentionastheweatherforecastwasgoingon.A.wasmissingB.willmissC.havemissedD.missed剛才錯過了。選(D)②表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作,也可用usedto+V/would+V如Heoftencametohelpus.IusedtogoboatingasaChild③一般過去時用于現(xiàn)在,表示語氣的委婉客氣。A:Couldyoulendmeahand?B:itcouldbeveryinterestingtowatchanArabandanEnglishmantalkingtogether.三、一般將來時的用法(simplefuturetense)1、一般將來時的幾種構(gòu)成形式。①will/shall+do/be(動詞原型)②begoingto+動詞原型③beto+動詞原型④beaboutto+動詞原型⑤be+go/come/start/move/sail/leave/stay的進(jìn)行時,表按計劃將發(fā)生的動作2、用法①will/shall+v表將要發(fā)生的動作或情況。Iwill/shallarrivenextweek.Whenwillyoubeabletoanswerme?Hewillbeeighteenyearsoldnextyear.※will表一種傾向或意愿。Shall多當(dāng)?shù)谝蝗朔QI/we連用,若與第二、三人稱連用則表征求意見,允諾、命令、強(qiáng)制語意。麗莎工作室扣扣3683237如Fishwilldiewithoutwater.(一定會,必然會)Youare19nowYouwillbe20nextyear.(傾向)ShallMarycomeandplaywillus?(征求意見)Youshallgetapresentonyourbirthday.(允諾)Thedoorshallnotbeopened.(命令、警告)②begoingto+Va.表示經(jīng)過周密考慮安排將要發(fā)生的事情或肯定要發(fā)生的事情。Theyaregoingtobuildahousenextmonth.(表示安排)Thereisgoingtoberaintomorrow.(表示肯定要發(fā)生的事)b.表示現(xiàn)在有跡象表明要發(fā)生的動作(即根據(jù)客觀情況,推測將要發(fā)生的動作)Lookattheblackclouds.Thereisgoingtobeastorm.Goadheavens!ImusthurryI’mgoingtobelate.c.begoingto+V可以用于條件狀從中,will/shall不可以如Ifyouaregoingtoseethefilmthisevening,youhadbettertakeanumbrellawithyour.d.一般來說,帶有條件狀從的主句,謂動不宜用begoing+to+V的句型A.不可以說:Waterisgoingtobeturnedintosteamifitisheatedtoitsboilingpoint.只可以說:Wateristurned/willbeturnedintosteamifitisheatedtoitsboilingpoint.如果水加熱到沸點(diǎn),它會變成水蒸氣(表客觀事實(shí))B.Thesunisgoingtoriseat6:30tomorrowmorning.(×)Thesunwillriseat6:30tomorrowmorning.(√)(太陽升起來的動作不是安排的,也不是推測,而是自然現(xiàn)象)C.Heisgoingtobe18yearsoldnextyear.(×)Hewillbe18yearsoldnextyear.(客觀事實(shí))(√)③beto+Va.表按計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的事b.表命令c.用于條件狀從中d.表目的e.表用途f.表命中注定如Wearetogoshoppingtonight.(計劃、安排)Youaretocomebackby11:00pm.(命令)Theknifeistocutwith.(用途)※Ifyoubeintimefortheearlybus,besuretogetupbeforefiveo’clockinthemorning.A.aretoB.areabouttoC.aregoingtoD.areduetoareto+V=wantto+V選(A)※ThereisnodoubtthattheUNthemostimportantroleinthereconstructionofIraq.A.istoplayB.oughttoplayC.isabouttoplayD.willhaveplayedIstoplay“注定要”選(A)④beaboutto+V=beonthepointofdoing(when)表示“即將”“馬上”要發(fā)生的動作,不能與時間狀語連用。Iamabouttoleavewhenthephonerings.麗莎工作室扣扣3683237四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(presentcontinuoustense)1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的動作be+v-ing。be+prep/adv表進(jìn)行的意義。如Thingsaregettingbetterandbetter.Thebridgeisunderconstruction.2)表示感覺,愿望,和狀態(tài)的某些動詞。如have,hear,see,live,hate,think,remember,find,sound,belongto,haveon不用進(jìn)行時。3)表示反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的或習(xí)慣性動作,這種用法常表示說話人的某種感情,如贊揚(yáng)、討厭、或不滿常與alwaysconstantlycontinually,forever連用。A.Heisalwaysthinkingforothers.總是為別人著想(贊揚(yáng))B.Youarealwaysbeinglateforclass.(討厭)4)用于hope,find,want,wonder等的進(jìn)行時表一種委婉語氣,他們的過去進(jìn)行時則更顯客氣,委婉。Wearehopingyouwillgetwellverysoon.5)某些動詞的進(jìn)行時表示“幾乎”“差一點(diǎn)”=nearlydoA.I’mforgettingthatIpromisedtotakeyoutoShanghai.B.Hewasbelievingwhatthecheatsaid.6)進(jìn)行時可以表示動作的暫時性,并不是說話時在進(jìn)行的動作。Mywatchisworkingperfectly.(目前走準(zhǔn))7)be的進(jìn)行體表達(dá)某種特殊含義(如短暫性,臨時性)一般與下列adj連用brave,angryclever,polite/foolish,kind/shy,friendly,careless,careful。A.youarebeingveryclever.(你今天很聰明)B.Theyarebeingfriendly.(臨時性的)※Listentothetwogirlsbythewindow.Whatlanguage?A.didtheyspeakB.weretheyspeakingC.aretheyspeakingD.havetheybeenspeaking?Listen“聽”可見是正在講。選C※——What’sthematter?※——Theshoesdon’tfitproperly.Theymyfeet.A.arehurtingB.willhurtC.havehurtD.arehurt選(A)8)在一定場合和語氣中,進(jìn)行時態(tài)含有否定意義。Youaretellingme.這事不用你說。Youarewastingtime.別浪費(fèi)時間了。五、過去進(jìn)行時(pastcontinuoustense)1、構(gòu)成:was/were+v-ing2、用法:①表示過去某一時刻或過去某一段時間正在發(fā)生的動作。Thistimeyesterdaywewereplayingfootball.Whatwereyoudoingfrom7:00to9:00lastnight?Hewasgoingoverhislessonsalldayyesterday.②過去進(jìn)行時與always,constantly,forever等連用時具有濃厚的感情色彩,要么贊揚(yáng),要么討厭。Hewascontinuallychanginghismind.(表示討厭)③在時間和條件狀從中,可以用過去進(jìn)行時和一般過去時同時出現(xiàn)在同一句子里,表一個動作發(fā)生另一動作也發(fā)生A.Maryburntherhandwhenshewascookingdinner.B.IfelloverwhenIwascycling.※——What’swrongwithyourcoat?——JustnowwhenIwantedtogetoffthebus,themannexttomeonit.A.satB.hadsatC.hadbeensittingD.wassitting選(D)※——HasTomfinishedhisjobyet?——Ihavenoideaofit,heitthismorningA.hasbeendoingB.hadbeendoingC.didD.wasdoing表過去一段時間正在性的動作。今天整個上午都在做。選(D)※——Canyougivemetherightanswer?——Sorry,I,wouldyoupleaserepeatit?A.hadn’tlistenedB.haven’tlistenedC.don’tlistenD.wasn’tlistening我當(dāng)時那一刻沒有聽。選(D)※——WhatwereyouuptowhenIphonedyoulastnight?—ItheTVandtobed.A.hadturnedoff;wentB.wasturningoff;hadgoneC.turnedoff,hadgoneD.hadturnedoff,.wasgoing選(D)六、現(xiàn)在完成時(presentperfecttense)1、構(gòu)成:have/has+p.p2、用法:①表示動作發(fā)生在過去,但對現(xiàn)在有影響,句中沒有具體時間狀語。A.Hehasgonetoparis(=Hewenttoparisandheisnotherenow)B.Ihaveopenedthewindow(=Iopenedthewindowandthewindowisopen)②表示動作發(fā)生在過去,一直處延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。A.TheyhavelivedinBeijingfor20years.B.Ihaveknownhimsincewewerechildren.C.HehaslearnedEnglishforyears.D.Thefilmhasbeenonfor10minutes.E.Hehasbeeninthearmyfor3years.(√)Hehasjoinedthearmyfor3years.(×)Hehasbecomeasoldierfor3years.(×)③現(xiàn)在完成時可以和alreadyyet,ever,never.以及before,recently,lately,oflate,oncejustsofir.today,inthelast(past)fewyears,eversince,tillnow,todate,uptonow,byendof連用.A.Shehasalreadyfinishedhiswork.Ihavenotseenseenheryet.Ihavebeenbusylately/recentlyoflate.B.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeenhere.※untilthenSiemens10,000thyristorValves.A.producedB.hasbeenproducingC.hasproducedD.hadproduceduntilthen=uptothen到那時與過去完成時連用uptonow當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時連用選(D)※ThepriceofcomputerswhilethatofcolorTVsetsonlytomorethan1,000yuan.A.isgoingup;hasbeenbroughtdownB.hasgoneup;arebeingbroughtdown.C.hasbeengoneup;hasbroughtdownD.hasbeengoneup;isbroughtdown.注:goup為不及物動詞詞組排除,C/Dprice/that為單數(shù)排除B選(A)※Hearticlesforourwall-newspaperthesethreeyearsandheaboutfortyarticles.A.hasbeenwriting,haswrittenB.hasbeenwriting,wroteC.iswriting,hasbeenwritingD.haswritten;haswrittenhasbeenwriting一直在寫,還會寫.haswritten已寫完.選(A)七、過去完成時(pastperfecttense)1、構(gòu)成:助動詞had+pp2、用法:①表示過去某一具體時間或過去某一段時間以前完成了的動作。A.Ihadwrittenthearticlewhenhecamein.B.IhadnotheardofhimforsometimebeforeImethim.C.uptothenwehadproduced1,000cars.D.Thehousewasdirty,Wehadn’tcleaneditforweeks.②在間接引語中代替直接引語中的現(xiàn)在完成時或一般過去時。A.Hesaidthathehadlivedtherefor5years.Hesaid,“Ihavelivedhavefor5years”.B.Hesaidthathehadseenhimtwodaysbefore.Hesaid“Isawhimtwodaysago”.③動詞hope,want,expect,think,suppose,mean,plan.wish等的過去完成時常用表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算,愿望。A.Wehadhopedthatyouwouldbeabletovisitus.我們本希望你們能來看望我們(結(jié)果你們沒來)B.Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn’tgetthereintime.C.Ihadmeanttocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.我本打算來拜訪你,但有事來不了。④用wouldlike,/lovetohavedone也表示過去未曾寧實(shí)現(xiàn)的打算,愿望或意圖。A.Iwouldlovetohavegonetothepartylastnight,butIhadtoworkextrahourstothefinishareport.B.Wewouldliketohavegonetothematch,buttheticketswereallsoldout.⑤常用過去完成時的句型。a.Hardly/Scarcelyhadsbdonewhen+----nosoonerhadsbdonethan+-----b.Itwasthefirst/second…timethatsb+haddonec.Ifsbhaddone,…sbwouldhavedone.(表示與過去的事實(shí)相反)Ifyouhadcomeherethreeminutesearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.d.wish+sbhaddone(對過去事實(shí)的虛擬)eg.IwishIhadfollowedyouradvice.e.AwouldratherB+haddoneeg.Iwouldratheryouhadnotdoneityesterday.※—HaveyoubroughtyourIDcard?—MyGod!IofitbeforeleavinghomeA.hadremindedB.havebeenremindedC.hadbeenremindedD.havebeenreminded選(C)※—GeorgeandLucygotmarriedlastweek.-Didyougototheirwedding?—No,I。Didtheyhaveabigwedding?A.wasnotinvitedB.havenotbeeninvitedC.hadn’tbeeninvitedD.didn’tinvite選(C)八、過去將來時(futuretenseinthepast)1、構(gòu)成:A.would/should+VB.was/weregoingto+VC.was/wereto+VD.was/wereaboutto+V2、用法:①用在間接引用語中(即賓語從句中)ItoldhimthatIwould/shouldseehimoffattherailwaystation.②不用于間接引語中,也可以用過去將來時。LastSundayweweregoingtogoforapicnicbutitrained.③用在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣中和wish從句中IfIwereabird,Iwould+flytothemoon.④would當(dāng)usedto表過去常常a.表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作慣常行為“時兩者可互用”Hewould/usedtogetupearlyb.表示“過去經(jīng)常的狀態(tài)”而不是“行為”“動作”時,只用“usedto+V”。egThereusedtobeaschoolhere(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)“今昔對比”還有“現(xiàn)在已不再那樣”時只用usedto。Peopleusedtothinkthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.(4)would常表示“意愿,樂意”做的事,因此下列場合不同would而用usedto。Mymotherusedtosufferfromheadaches.(5)表“認(rèn)為”心理狀態(tài)的詞只與usedto連用。Weusedtothink/believe/consider/feel※Whenhewasthere,hegotothatcoffeeshopatthecornereveryday.A.wouldB.shouldC.hadbetterD.might選(A)“過去常常”※Ilivewithmysisterthissummeranddidn’thavetopayrentSoIsavemostofmysalary.A.couldB.wouldC.wasabletoD.should選(C)經(jīng)過一番努力干成什么事九、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(presentperfectcontinuoustense)1、構(gòu)成:have/has+been+v-ing2、用法:①用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時,表示從過去某一時刻一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作,這個動作可能剛剛結(jié)束,也可能仍然在繼續(xù)。如:Wehavebeenhopingwe’llhaveachancetovisittheGreatWallofChina.②有些動詞如work,study,live,teach等用現(xiàn)在完成時與用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時意思差不多。如Ihaveworkedherefor10yearshavebeenworkinghere但多數(shù)動詞在這兩種時態(tài)中表示不同意思。Ihavewrittenaletter.(已寫完)Ihavebeenwritingaletter.(還在寫)Theyhavebuiltthehouse.他們建好了房子。Theyhavebeenbuildingthehouse.他們一直在建房子。③表示短暫動作的動詞如finish,marry,getup,come,go等不能用這種時態(tài)。④表示到說話時間為止的某一段時間內(nèi)一再重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作。(并不是沒有停止過)如A.Theoldmenhavebeendrinkingteaalltheafternoon.那幾個老人整個下午一直在喝茶(表示有停頓的動作)B.Ihavebeentelephoningyouseveraltimesintwodays.兩天來我一直多次給你打電話(表示有停頓的動作)※(NEMT2006)Iwon’ttellthestudentstheanswertothemathproblemuntilheonitformorethananhour.A.hasbeenworkingB.willhaveworkedC.willhavebeenworkingD.hadworked選(A)十、一般將來完成時1、構(gòu)成:willhave+p.p.2、用法:表示到將來某一時間為止完成的行為,與by+將來時間連用。如Wewillhavelearned4,000Englishwordsbynextterm.※Themeetingtendaysbythetimeitends.A.musthavelastedB.willhavelastedC.wouldlastD.haslasted.選(B)如HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehegraduatesfromuniversitynextyear※—MayIcometoseeyourbossat4:00tomorrowafternoon?—I’mafraidhetoTokyoA.willflyB.flewC.willhaveflownD.isflying選(C)十一、一般將來進(jìn)行時1、構(gòu)成:willbe+v-ing2、用法:在將來某個時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。如IWillbehavingametingat4:00tonight.HewillbelearningEnglishthefollowingdays.※—DidyouwritetoGracelastsummer?—No,butI’dheroverChristmasVacation.A.beseenB.beseeingC.haveseenD.havebeenseeing選(B)※—ShallIcallatyourhouseat7:00pmtomorrow?—Iawalkintheparksoyouwon’tfindmeathomethen.A.shallbetakingB.shalltakeC.willtakeD.amtaking.選(A)(二)動詞的被動語態(tài)(passivevoice)1、概說當(dāng)主語是動作的承受者時,謂語動詞要用被動語態(tài)。2、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成助動詞get/be+過去分詞3、被動語態(tài)的用法。①當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者不明確或者沒有必要指出來時,謂語動詞要用被動語態(tài)。如A.HewillbepraisedatTomorrow’smeeting.B.Thisbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguage.C.Thepeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.D.Thehouseisbeingbuiltnow.注:在完成句子中經(jīng)常會遇到此種情形例:______(必須采取行動)protecttheenvironment.答案:Actionmustbetakento此句中并沒有給出動作發(fā)出者,所以直接使用被動語態(tài)來表達(dá),而沒有必要加動作發(fā)出者。②強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動作的承受者A.Theplanhasalreadybeenmade.B.WangPingmaybeelectedmonitorofourclass.③如果一個句子既有直接賓語,又有間接賓語,句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,只能將其中一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z。(常帶雙賓的動詞有g(shù)ive,send,ask,teach,show,allowtell,call等)多數(shù)情況下都是把間接賓語(通常指人的名詞)轉(zhuǎn)變成主語,更符合英語的習(xí)慣。Hegavemesomebooks.Somebooksweregiventome.Iwasgivensomebooks.Heshowedmetheplacewherehelived.Theplacewherehelivedwasshowntome.Iwasshowntheplacewherehelived.④“動詞+名詞+介詞”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍觿討B(tài)。payattentionto/playarolein/takepridein/makeuseof/takegoodcareofA.Youshouldpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.Attentionshouldbepaidtoyourpronunciation.Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattention.toB.Youmustmakegooduseofyourtime.Goodusemustbemadeofyourtime.Yourtimemustbemadegooduseof.⑤在把“peoplesay/think,know,believe,understand,consider/supposethat+賓語從句”變成被動語態(tài)時,可以用下列兩種形式。PeoplesaythatTomisagoodstudent.Tomissaidtobeagoodstudent.ItissaidthatTomisagoodstudent.⑥帶有形式賓語it的句子,也可以變成被語態(tài)。如:think/make/consider/find/feelit+adj+todoWethinkitimportanttolearnEnglishwell.ItisthoughtimportanttolearnEnglishwell.⑦原則上講,只有及物動詞有被動語態(tài),不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。但有的不及物動詞在和介詞結(jié)合構(gòu)成短語動詞時,有意義上相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞,因此也有被動語態(tài)。A.Hewasbeinglaughedat.B.Thepatienthasbeenoperatedon.C.Hewillbelookedafterbythenurse.⑧當(dāng)賓語是反身代詞,相互代詞(eachother,oneanother)時,或當(dāng)賓語是主語身體上的某一部位時,當(dāng)賓語是表示處所的名詞時,都不可變成被動語態(tài)。A.Heisoldenoughtolookafterhimself.B.Heputhishandonhischest.C.HejoinedthearmylastyearD.Weoftenhelpeachother.⑨下列幾種情況動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動含義1)不定式作定語不定式與它所修飾的名詞有動賓關(guān)系,且與句子的主語有主動關(guān)系時。Ihavesomeclothestowashtoday.Hedoesn’thaveenoughtodrink.對比I’llgotoTokyotomorrowDoyouhaveanythingtobetakenthere?(我?guī)湍銕ィ㊣’llgotoTokyotomorrowLook!Ihavelotsofthingstotakethere.我自己帶去。2)當(dāng)不定式作表語形容詞的狀語,不定式置于easyharddifficultcomfortable,deep,good,niceimportant,strange,adj后作狀語,且與句中主語構(gòu)成動賓語關(guān)系,用主動形式表被動意義。Hisphonenumberiseasytoremember.Thechairiscomfortabletositin.Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer.Milkisgoodtodrink.(不用tobedrunk)3)在Therebe句型中修飾主語的不定式,用主動形式比被動形式更常見。Thereismuchworktodo/tobedone.但在nothing,anything和something后,使用兩種語態(tài)表示的意思有所不同。Thereisnothingtodo(沒有事可做)tobedone(沒有辦法)4)在“This/Thatis+n”的句型中,修飾表語的不定式用主動形式表被動意義。Thisisahardquestiontoanswer.而不用tobeansweredThatisagoodplacetovisit.而不用tobevisited5)不定式tolet,toseek,toblame常用主動形式表被動含義.Nobodyistoblamefortheaccident.這個事故,誰也不會受到責(zé)怪.Thecaristolet.此業(yè)出租。Theevidence/reasonisnottoseek.證據(jù)不難找。6)以人作主語時,worthy后的不定式用主動形式和被動形式都可以,但二者意義不同。Heisworthytotakehisposition他配擔(dān)任他的職務(wù)。(不定式動作是主語發(fā)出)tobechosen他不配當(dāng)選。(不定式動作不是主語發(fā)出)7)英語中有些動詞能用主動語態(tài)表示被動意義。1.①Arethegoodssellingwell?這些商品好賣嗎?②Thedoorwon’tlock.門鎖不上。③Didyourplansworkoutsuccessfully?你們的計劃進(jìn)展順利嗎?④Theplayisactingwonderfullywell.這場戲演得非常成功。⑤Thepenwritessmoothly/well.這筆好寫。2.表示開始、結(jié)束、運(yùn)動,如:begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move等。例:Workbeganat7.工作在七點(diǎn)鐘開始。Theshopcloseswhenthesunsets.商店在太陽下山時關(guān)門。3.系動詞look,sound,taste,smell,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep等+形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例:Themilksmellssour.牛奶聞起來有點(diǎn)酸。Hisplanprove(tobe)reasonable.他的計劃證明是合理的。4.介詞in,on,under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語表被動表示方位的介詞與含動詞意義的名詞合用,含被動意義其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動詞的被動形式,名詞前一般不用冠詞常見的有:undercontrol(受控制),undertreatment(在治療中),underrepair(在修理中),underdiscussion(在討論中),underconstruction(在施工中),beyondbelief(令人難以置信),beyondone’sreach(鞭長莫及),beyondone’scontrol(無法控制),beyondourhope(我們始料不及),forsale(待售),forrent(出租),inprint(在印刷中),insight(在視野范圍內(nèi)),onsale(出售),onshow(展出),ontrial(受審),outofcontrol(失控),outofsight超出視線之外),outofone’sreach(夠不著),outoffashion(過時的)。例:Thebuildingisunderconstruction.(Thebuildingisbeingconstructed)大廈建設(shè)當(dāng)中。Theplaneisoutofcontrol.(Theplanecan’tbecontrolled.)飛機(jī)已經(jīng)失控。8)被動語態(tài)與過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別。a.過去分詞作表語表示狀態(tài)。b.被動語態(tài)表示動作。①Iam(very)interestedinEnglish.Iwasinterestedbywhathetoldme.我對英語(非常)感興趣。(作表語)他告訴我的事情引起了我的興趣。(被動式)②Thebookiswellwritten.這本書寫得非常好。(作表語)Thebookwaswrittenbyateacher.這書是一位老師寫的。(被動式)③Hewasinjuredintheleg.他傷在腿上。(作表語)Hehadbeeninjuredtwicethatyear.那年他兩次受傷。(被動式)注:get+過去分詞表示被動時,通常只表示動作,不表示狀態(tài),常用來表達(dá)不合心意的事情。如:gethurt(受傷)getslapped(挨打)getdismissed(被開除)getkilled(被殺)getcaught(被抓)getwounded(受傷了)getinfectedwith(被感染)注:get+excited/lost/married/tired/drunk表狀態(tài)。麗莎工作室扣扣3683237全國最新試題總匯【2013北京】23.Shakespeare’splayHamlet intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.A.hadbeenmade B.wasmadeC.hasbeenmade D.wouldbemade1【答案】C【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)此句標(biāo)志詞overthepastyears應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。故選C?!?013北京】25.---DoyouthinkMomandDad late?---No,SwissAirisusuallyontime.A.were B.willbe C.wouldbe D.havebeen2【答案】B【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意:你認(rèn)為父母會遲到嗎?可知答案為一般將來時態(tài),故選B?!?013北京】28.Hurryup!MarkandCarl us.A.expect B.areexpecting C.haveexpected D.willexpect3【答案】B【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)Hurryup!可知,Mark和Carl正在等我們。故選B,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)?!?013北京】32.---Sowhatistheprocedure?---Alltheapplicants beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.A.interview B.areinterviewingC.areinterviewed D.arebeinginterviewed4【答案】C【解析】考查動詞的語態(tài)和時態(tài)。句中applicants與interview之間為被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用被動語態(tài);且句子所描述的為一般情況,故用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。故選C。【2013福建】23.Thefamousmusician,aswellashisstudents,_______toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo.A.wereinvitedB.wasinvitedC.havebeeninvitedD.hasbeeninvited5【答案】B【解析】考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)。題干主語中心詞為介詞短語aswellas之前的musician,故謂語使用單數(shù),排除AC;再根據(jù)句中標(biāo)志性詞語attheopeningceremonyofthe2012TaipeiFlowerExpo可知應(yīng)使用一般過去時態(tài)。故答案為B。【2013福建】26.Thegirlhasagreatinterestinsportand______badmintonclassestwiceaweekoverthelastthreeyears.A.tookB.istakingC.takesD.hasbeentaking6【答案】D【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中標(biāo)志詞overthelastthreeyears可知答案為D?!?013湖南】22.“Whatdoyouwanttobe?”askedMrs.Crawford.“Oh,I________president,”saidtheboy,withasmile.A.havebeen B.am C.was D.willbe7【答案】D【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)問句:你想當(dāng)什么?可知時態(tài)為一般將來時態(tài),故答案選D。【2013湖南】24.Aroundtwoo’clockeverynight,Suewillstarttalkinginherdream.Itsomewhat________us.A.bothers B.hadbothered C.wouldbother D.bothered8【答案】A【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中標(biāo)志詞everynight及意識到句中will表示一種習(xí)慣性動作,故使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)?!?013湖南】26.Ifnothing________,theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.A.does B.hadbeendone C.willdo D.isdone9【答案】D【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。首先nothing與do之間為被動關(guān)系,排除AC項(xiàng);根據(jù)主句的一般將來時態(tài)可知,if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。故選D。【2013湖南】27.—Haveyouheardabouttherecentelection?—Sure,it________theonlythingonthenewsforthelastthreedays.A.wouldbe B.is C.hasbeen D.willbe10【答案】C【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中標(biāo)志詞forthelastthreedays可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),選C?!?013湖南】34.—Idon’tunderstandwhyyoudidn’tgotothelectureyesterdayafternoon.—I’msosorry.ButI_________myhomework.

A.haddone B.wasdoing C.woulddo D.amdoing11【答案】B【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境,對話中的第二個人昨天下午沒去聽課,而是在做作業(yè),故使用過去進(jìn)行時態(tài),表示過去一段時間內(nèi)在持續(xù)發(fā)生的動作,故選B。【2013江蘇】21.Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers_________essentialtotheirdevelopment.A.isB.areC.wasD.were12【答案】A【解析】考查主謂一致和動詞時態(tài)。主語為motivation,故謂語為單數(shù);根據(jù)語境及generally可知,描述的為一般情況,故使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),選A。【2013江蘇】25.—CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning?—Sure.Iareportathome.A.willbewritingB.willhavewrittenC.havewrittenD.havebeenwriting13【答案】A【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。此處考查將來進(jìn)行時態(tài),表示將來的某一時間段正在發(fā)生的動作。句意為:明天早上我可以用下你的車嗎?當(dāng)然。我那是將會在家寫報告。答案選A?!?013江蘇】34.—Whataboutyourself-drivetripyesterday?—Tiring!Theroadisbeingwidened,andwearoughride.A.hadB.haveC.wouldhaveD.havehad14【答案】A【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意,我們昨天的自駕旅行是一次顛簸的旅行。故答案選過去時態(tài)?!?013江西】35. I________tovisityoulaterthatday,butIhadtophoneandcancel. A.come B.came C.amcoming D.wascoming15【答案】D【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)but之后的并列句“我不得不打電話取消”可知,“我那天是要去看你的”,故動詞come的過去進(jìn)行時態(tài)表過去將來。【2013遼寧】22.Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisguitar.Afterall,he______itforaverylongtime.A.hashadB.hadhadC.hasD.had16【答案】B【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。本題基礎(chǔ)時態(tài)為一般過去時,他演奏吉他很長時間是發(fā)生在他賣(sold)之前,故用過去完成時態(tài)?!?013遼寧】30.Weareconfidentthattheenvironment______byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.A.hadbeenimprovedB.willbeimprovedC.isimprovedD.wasimproved17【答案】B【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境:我們充滿信心…。證明此事還未發(fā)生,故使用一般將來時態(tài),答案選B?!?013山東】24.Ididn’tthinkI’dlikethemovie,butactuallyit_____prettygood.

A.hasbeen B.was C.hadbeen D.wouldbe18【答案】B【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)題干部分didn’t可知基礎(chǔ)時態(tài)為一般過去時態(tài);再根據(jù)句意:我認(rèn)為我不會喜歡這部電影,而實(shí)際上這是部相當(dāng)好的電影。故使用一般過去時態(tài)陳述過去的事實(shí)?!?013山東】27.—Ohno!We’retoolate.Thetrain_______.—That’sOk.We’llcatchthenexttraintoLondon.

A.wasleaving B.hadleftC.hasleft D.hasbeenleaving18【答案】C【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境“我們太晚了”及后句“沒關(guān)系。我們可以趕下一趟火車去倫敦”,可知火車已經(jīng)離開,對現(xiàn)在造成影響,故使用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)?!?013陜西】11.OnMondaymorningsitusuallymeanhourstodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.A.takesB.istakingC.tookD.willtake20【答案】A【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞onMondaymornings,usually可以判斷應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。故選A。麗莎工作室扣扣3683237【2013陜西】17.Jimalatenightfilmathomewhen,rightinthemiddleofathrillingscene,thetelevisionwentblank.A.watchedB.hadwatchedC.waswatchingD.wouldbewatching21【答案】C【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。此處固定句型:was/weredoingsthwhen…意為:正在做某事的時候,突然…。故答案選C,表示這一動作在過去一直在進(jìn)行。【2013四川】3.Hurryup,kids!Theschoolbus_____forus!A.waitsB.waswaitingC.waitedD.iswaiting22【答案】D【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。通過題干“Hurryup,kids!”不難判斷,“校車正在等我們”,故使用正在進(jìn)行時態(tài),答案為D?!?013天津】13.Thewatersupplyhasbeencutofftemporarilybecausetheworkersoneofthemainpipes.A.hadrepairedB.haverepairedC.repairedD.arerepairing23【答案】D【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:暫時斷水了,因?yàn)楣と嗽谛抟粋€主管道。根據(jù)句意,選正在進(jìn)行時態(tài)?!?013新課標(biāo)II卷】7.Weveryearlysowepackedthenightbefore.A.leaveB.hadleftC.wereleavingD.haveleft24【答案】C【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)so后的并列句“我們前一天晚上就打好包了”

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