高中英語Unit5MusicSectionⅢGrammar-“介詞關(guān)系代詞”

SectionⅢGrammar——“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”指引的定語從句語境自主領(lǐng)悟先察看原句后自主感悟1.Haveyoueverdreamedofplayinginfrontofthousandsofpeopleataconcert，atwhicheveryoneisclappingand1.例句1、3使用了“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”指引appreciatingyourmusic？的定語從句，先行詞分別是aconcert和2.Theymaystartasagroupofhigh-schoolperformances，指物，所以介詞后的關(guān)系代students，forwhompractisingtheirmusic詞用which。insomeone'shouseisthefirststepto2.例句2使用了“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”指引的fame.定語從句，先行詞是high-schoolstudents，3.Latertheymaygiveperformancesin指人，所以介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用whom。pubsorclubs，forwhichtheyarepaidin3.例句4使用了“代詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”cash.指引的定語從句，先行詞是music，指物，所4.Themusiciansweretoplayjokesoneach以介詞后的關(guān)系代詞用which。otheraswellasplaymusic，mostofwhichwasbasedlooselyontheBeatles.一、基本用法當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充任介詞的賓語時，能夠用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”指引定語從句。假如先行詞為人時，用“介詞＋whom”；假如先行詞為物時，用“介詞＋which”。who和

that

不可以用于此構(gòu)造。MyfatherworksinVolkswagen

，inwhich

theworkersarewellpaid.我爸爸在大眾汽車企業(yè)工作，

那邊的職工待遇優(yōu)厚。

(inwhich指引非限制性定語從句，which

指物)TherecomesTom

，forwhomIhavebeenwaitingforanhour.湯姆來了，我等他等了一個小時了。[即時訓(xùn)練1]用適合的關(guān)系代詞填空Themanwithwhomyoushookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.②Heboughtmanynewspapersandmagazinesonwhichhespentalmostallhismoney.二、介詞的選擇1．依據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣來確立先行詞常常是表示時間、地址、原由、方式等的詞，它與介詞之間有必定的聯(lián)系。Doyoustillrememberthedaysduringwhichweworkedtogether?你還記得我們在一同工作的那些日子嗎？2．依據(jù)定語從句中的謂語動詞或形容詞確立介詞該動詞或形容詞常與某些介詞組成固定搭配。Thesocialproblem

aboutwhich

thetwosidesaredebatingwitheachotherisaveryseriousone.(debatewithsb.about...

就與某人睜開爭辯

)兩方正在睜開爭辯的社會問題是很嚴(yán)重的一個問題。3．依據(jù)句子的意思確立介詞有些句子，先行詞完整同樣，定語從句中謂語動詞也不是固定的動詞短語。這時，需要依據(jù)句子所要表達(dá)的意思采用不一樣的介詞。Waterisofgreatimportance，withoutwhichpeoplecannotlive.水是很重要的，沒有它人們就沒法生計。Thisisthebookaboutwhichyouhavetalkedtome.這是你以前給我談起的那本書。ThisisthebookonthecoverofwhichthereisamapofChina.這是封面上有張中國地圖的那本書。[即時訓(xùn)練2]用適合的介詞填空①Hisbrother，withwhomIwenttothepark，tookalotofpicturesthere.EnglishisoneofthemostinterestingsubjectsinwhichI'minterested.Hebrokehisglasses，withoutwhichhecan'tseeanything.三、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”與關(guān)系副詞的替代在定語從句中若先行詞為時間名詞，地址名詞或reason，“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞(which)”可用有關(guān)的關(guān)系副詞when，where，why等替代。Thereasonforwhich(＝why)herefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.他拒絕邀請的原由還不清楚。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich(＝where)Iwasborn.我出生的那座城市發(fā)生了巨大變化。[即時訓(xùn)練3]句型變換IoftenthinkofthemomentwhenIsawtheUFO.IoftenthinkofthemomentatwhichIsawtheUFO.Thepolicesearchedthehouseinwhichthethiefhadstayed.Thepolicesearchedthehousewherethethiefhadstayed.③Idon'tknowthereasonforwhichheperformedbadly.→Idon'tknowthereasonwhyheperformedbadly.四、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的特別用法1．“the＋名詞＋

of＋關(guān)系代詞”指引定語從句有時可用“whose＋名詞”或“

of＋關(guān)系代詞＋

the＋名詞”替代。Thebuilding

，the

roof

ofwhich

wecanseefromhere，isahotel.

＝

Thebuilding

，whoseroof/ofwhichtheroof

wecanseefromhere

，isahotel.那幢大樓是一個旅店，從這兒我們能夠看見它的屋頂。2．“名詞/代詞等＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”構(gòu)造有時“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”前會出現(xiàn)不定代詞(all，both，none，neither，many，few，therest等)、數(shù)詞(分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)等)及“the＋最高等/比較級”等，用來表示部分、數(shù)量等意義。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall，mostofwhomarefrombigcities.我們班共有四十名學(xué)生，大部分來自傲城市。3．“復(fù)雜介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”構(gòu)造常用的復(fù)雜介詞有

becauseof

，infrontof

，asaresultof

，atthebackof

等。Hewasbadlyhurtintheaccident

，becauseofwhich

hedidn'tgotowork.他在事故中嚴(yán)重受傷。所以，他沒去上班。[名師點津

]介詞不可以提早的狀況有些固定動詞短語中的介詞一般不可以提早。

常有的這種動詞短語有

listen

to，lookat，dependon

，lookfor

，payattentionto

，takecareof

，lookafter

，takepartin

，callon

，catchupwith

，getalongwith

，hearof

，lookforwardto

等。Thismustbethekey

thatsheis

lookingfor

.這必定是她正在找尋的那把鑰匙。Thisisthebabywhomyouwilllookafter.這就是你將要照看的那個嬰兒。Weoftentalkaboutthepeopleandthethingsthatweheardof.我們常常討論我們聽聞的人和事。[即時訓(xùn)練4]達(dá)成句子①那位老人有3個兒子，他們都很關(guān)懷他。Theoldmanhasthreesons，allofwhomcareabouthim.②他們在窗戶朝南的實驗室里做實驗。Theydoexperimentsinalab，thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows/whosewindowsfacesouth.③他們到達(dá)一座田舍，田舍前面坐著一個男孩。Theyarrivedatafarmhouse，infrontofwhichsataboy.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Fiftystudentstookpartinthefinalexam，onlyoneofwhomdidn'tpasstheexam.2．Wehadameeting，thepurposeofwhichwascompletelyunclear.3．Doyouknowtheladywithwhomourmanageristalkingintheoffice?4．YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakeforwhichHangzhouisfamous.5．We'dbetterfixadateonwhichwewillpracticespeakingEnglishnextweek.6．Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks，nearlyhalfofwhichwerepublishedinthe1990s.7．Thisisthereasonforwhichhehasbeenremoved.8．ThisisthefarmonwhichIstudiedtheinsectsthreeyearsago.9．Hewrotealetterinwhichheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.10．Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool，afterwhichhewentontoBeijingUniversity.Ⅱ.用“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”達(dá)成以下句子1．我永久都不會忘掉入黨的日子。I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty．2．父親給了我一些額外的錢，用這些錢我買了一些書。Myfathergavemesomeextramoney，withwhichIboughtsomebooks．