出租車計價器畢業(yè)設計中英文翻譯

出租車計價器畢業(yè)設計中英文翻譯ABSTRACTInthispaper,amulti-channeltaximeterthatisabletodealwithmorethanonepassengersimultaneouslyisproposed.Inordertodemonstratethetheoryofoperationoftheproposedsystem,acompletedesignforanexperimentalthree-channeltaximeter(whoseprototypehasbeenbuiltundergrantfromtheEgyptianAcademyforScientificandTechnologicalResearch)ispresented.Systemlocation,outline,blockdiagramsaswellasdetailedcircuitdiagramsfortheexperimentaltaximeterarealsoincluded.1.INTRODUCTIONTransportingpeopleinthemorningfromtheirhomestotheirworksandbackintheafternoonhasbecomeabigprobleminbigcitiesespeciallyinundevelopedcountries.Asapartialsolutionofthisproblem,theauthoritiesinsomecountrieshad,unofficially,leftthetaxicabdriverstocarrydifferentpassengerstodifferentplacesattheSametime.Forexample,ataxicabwithfourseatsmaycarryfourdifferentpassengerswithoutanyrelationbetweenthemexceptthattheirwayoftravellingisthesame.Accordingly,ithasbecomeverydifficulttorelyonthepresentconventionalsingle-channeltaximetertodeterminethefarerequiredfromeachpassengerseparately.Accordingly,anunfairfinancialrelationwascreatedbetweenthetaxicabdriver,owner,passengersandthestatetaxationdepartment.Underthesecircumstances,taxicabdriversforcethepassengerstopaymorethanwhattheyshouldpay.Insomecasespassengershadtopaydoublefaretheyshouldpay.Withthepresentconventionalsingle-channeltaximeter,taxicabownersarenotabletodeterminethedailyincomeoftheirtaxicab.Insomecases(ataxicabwithfourseats)theymayonlygetonequarteroftheincomeofthetaxicab(collectedbythetaxicabdriver).Fromwhichtheyshouldpaythesalaryofthetaxicabdriveraswellasthecostoffuel,minorandmajorrepairsinadditiontothecardepreciation.Asamatteroffactthepositionofthetaxicabownersisnotsobadasitseems.Ageneralagreementhasbeenreachedbetweenthetaxicabdriversandownerssuchthatthedriversshouldguaranteeafixeddailyincometotheownersaswellasthepayingforthecostoffuelaswellastheminorrepaires.Eventhoughthetaxicabdriversstillsharethelargeportionoftheincomeofthetaxicab.Alsowiththepresenceofthesingle-channeltaximeter,ithasbecomeverydifficultforthestatetaxationdepartmenttoknowtheyearlyincomeofthetaxicabandaccordinglyithasbecomeverydifficulttoestimatethetaxestobepaidbythetaxicabowners.Inordertofacethisproblem,thestatetaxationdepartmenthadtoimposeafixedestimatedtaxesforeachseatofthetaxicabwhatevertheincomeofthetaxicab.Inthispaper,weintroducedamultichanneltaximeterthatcandealwithmorethanonepassengersimultaneously.Itshouldbepointedoutthatbythetermpassengerwemeanaonepersonoragroupofrelatedpersons.Itshouldalsobepointedoutthatourproposedmulti-channeltaximeterisnot,simply,amultidisplayreadouts.Asamatteroffactitcontainslogiccircuitsthatautomaticallychangesthefareperkillometeroftravellingdistanceorperminutesof'waitingtimeaccordingtothenumberofpassengershiringthetaxicab.Inthefollowingpartandasanexample,wewillpresentacompletedesignforathree-channeltaximeter.Blockdiagramsaswellasdetailedcircuitdiagramsoftheexperimentalthree-channeltaximeterarealsoincluded.AprototypehasbeenbuiltundergrantfromtheEgyptianAcademyforScientificandTechnologicalResearch.2.ANEXPERIMENTALTHREECHANNELTAXIMETERTheoryofoperationofourexperimentaldevicetoworkasanelectronicdigitaltaximeterisbasedonthefactthathespeedometercablerotatesonerevolutionforeachmeteroftravellingdistance.Accordingly,ifthespeedometercableiscoupledwithaspeedsensorthatgeneratesasinglepulseforeachmeteroftravellingdistance,thenourtaximetercouldbethreeupcountermodulesassociatedwithaspeedsensorunit.However,ourexperimentaltaximeterisnotsimplyathreedisplayreadouts.Asamatteroffactitcontainslogiccircuitsthatautomaticallychangesthefareperkilometeroftravellingdistanceorperminutesofwaitingtimeaccordingtothenumberofpassengershiringthetaxicab.Thedevicemaybesplittedintotwomainparts:Thefirstisthespeedsensorunitwhichmaybelocatedanywhereinthetaxicabsuchthataneasycouplingtothespeedometercablecanbeachieved.Thesecondunitcontainsthemainelectroniccircuit,thedisplayandcontrolpanel.Theunitshouldbelocatedsomewhereinfrontofboththedriverandthepassengers.ApossiblecomponentslocationsisshowninFigure1.A.SpeedSensorUnitThemainfunctionofthisunitistosupplytrainofpulseswhosefrequencyisproportionaltotheangularrotationofthewheels.ApossibleformofaspeedsensorisshowninFigure2.Ifmayconsistofatj.pica1permanentmagnetsinewavegeneratorwithitsoutputconnectedtoapulseshappingcircuit(twogeneralpurposesilicondiodes,1Kohmsresistorandaschmittriggerinverter).Inordertofindsomewaytodetectthemovementofthetaxicab,theoutputofthesinewavegeneratorisrectifiedthroughageneralpurposesilicondiodeDlthensmoothedbya1000Fcapacitor.TheoutputvoltageatterminalQisthenlimitedtothevalueof4.7voltsbyusingaIkohmsresistoraswellasazenerdiodeZD.ThelevelofthevoltageatterminalQwouldbehighwheneverthetaxicabismovingandwillbezerootherwise.Thisvoltagecanbeusedfortheautomaticswitchingfromdistancefaretotimefare.B.MainElectronicandDisplayUnitAsuggestedshapeforthemainelectronicanddisplayunitisshowninFigure3.Thecontrolanddisplaypanelcontainsall'controlsnecessaryforoperatingthetaximeteraswellasfourreadoutdisplays.Thefirstchannelwillgivethesumofmoneyrequiredfromthefirstpassenger,whilethesecondandthirdreadoutsareforthesecondandthirdpassengers,respectively.Thefourthreadoutwillgivethetotalincomeofthetaxicab.Thecontentsofthelastreadoutshouldbenonvolatileandbeabletoberetainedevenduringparkingthetaxicab.Thechannelrotaryselectorswitchs1,2and3havefullyclockwise/anticlockwisepositions.Inthefullyanticlockwiseposition,thecounterofthecorrespondingreadoutisblanckedanddisabled.Inthefullyclockwiseposition,thecounterisunblanked,clearedtozeroandenabledtobereadyforcountingthesumofmoneyrequiredfromthefirst,secondandthirdpassengers,respectively.Pushingthetotalsumpushbutton4unblanksthefourthreadoutenablinganypersontoretainthereadoutcorrespondingtothetotalincome.Afterthereleaseofthepushbutton,thefourthreadoutwillbeblankedagain.Thisunitalsocontainsthemainelectroniccircuitwhichwillbefullydescribedinthefollowingsection.3.DESCRIBTIONOFTHEMAINELECTRONICCIRCUITThegeneralblockdiagramofthemainelectroniccircuitisshowninFigure4.ItconsistsoffivesubcircuitsdesignatedbythesymbolesCTIuptoCT4supportingcircuits,theseare:ThenumberofpassengerdeticitioncircuitCTI,travellingdistancescalingcircuitCT2,waitingtimescalingcircuitCT3,circuitCT4whichgeneratesclockpulsesforthedisplaycircuit.A.NumberofPassengersDetectionCircuitCT1Asshownfromthegeneralblockdiagram,thecircuitCTIhasthreeinputsI,2and3aswellasthreeoutputsJ,KandL.ThefunctionofthecircuitistosupplyahighlevelvoltageatterminalsJ,KorLifandonlyifone,twoorthreepassengersarehiringthetaxicab,respectively.Thetermpassenger,here,meansonepersonoragroupofrelatedpersons.Whenapassengerisgettingintothecab,wesimplyturnonafreereadoutdisplaybyturningthecorrespondingrotaryselectorswitchtoafullyclockwisedirection.ThiswillautomaticallydisconnectthecorrespondingterminalI,2or3fromground.ThelogicalrelationbetweenvariousinputterminalsI,2and3andtheoutputterminalsJ,KandLisshowninTable1.Asacombinationalcircuitwestartthedesignbyderivingasetofbooleanfunctions.ApossiblesimplifiedbooleanfunctionsthatgivesminimumnumberofinputstogatesmaybeobtainedfromTableI.ApossiblelogicaldiagramthatisbasedontheabovederivedexpressionsisshowninFigure5.Itconsistsoftwoinverters,four2-inputAND,to3-inputANDtwo3-inputORgatesB.TavellingDistanceScalingCircuitCT2AsshownfromtheblockdiagramofFigure4,thecircuitCT2hasfourinputJ,K,LandEandoneoutputM.ThefunctionofthecircuitistosupplyasinglepulseattheoutputMforacertainnumberofpulsesgeneratedattheoutputofthespeedsensor(certainnumberofmeterstravelledbythetaxicab),accordingtothenumberofpassengershiringthecar.AsuggestedfareperkilometeroftravellingdistanceisshownincolomntwoofTable2.thecircuit,inthiscase,shouldsupplyasinglepulseattheoutputMforevery100,125or143pulsesgeneratedattheinputterminalEaccordingtothelevelofvoltageatinputterminale3,KorL,respectively.Ourcircuitcouldbe,asshowninFigure5,threedecadecounters,connectedasathreedigitfrequencydividerwhosedividingratios100,125and143areautomaticallyselectedbythevoltagelevelatterminalsJ,KandL,respectively.ApossiblecircuitdiagramthatmayverifytheabovefunctionisshowninFigure6.Itconsistsofthreedecadecounterstype7490,oneBCD-todecimaldecodertype7445,three4-inputAND,one3-inputANDone2-inputANDtwo3-inputORgates.C.TimeScalingCircuitCT3Asshownintheblockdiagram,thetimescalingcircuitwillhavefourinputsJ,K,LandFandoneoutputN.ThefunctionofthiscircuitandaccordingtocolomnthreeofTable2(fareper2minutsofwaitingtime)istosupplyasinglepulseattheoutputNforevery120,240or360pulsessuppliedattheinputterminalFfromtheIHzclockaccordingtolevelofvoltageatinputsJ,KandL,respectively.Timescalingcircuitwouldbesimilartothedistancescalingcircuitbutwithdifferentdivingratios.APossiblecircuitdiagramisshowninfigure7.Itconsists,inthiscase,ofthreedecadecountertype7490,two3-inputAND,one5-inputAND,one2-inputANDone3-inputORgates.D.CircuitCT4WhichGeneratesClockPulsesforDisplayCircuitThefunctionofthiscircuitistosupplyone,twoorthreepulsesattheoutputterminalRforeachpulsegeneratedatanyoftheterminalsNorM,accordingtothevoltagelevelattheinputterminalsJ,KorL,respectively.TheoutputPwillreceiveapulseforeachpulsegeneratedatanyoftheinputterminalsNorM.ThisfunctioncanbeperformedbythecircuitshowninFigure8,itconsistsofoneripplecountertype7493,onehalfofadualJKmasterslaveflip-flopscircuittype7476,threeinverters,three2-inputAND,one3-inputAND,one2-inputORandone3-inputORgates.WhenapulseisgeneratedateitherinputterminalsNorM,ahighlevelvoltagewillbegeneratedattheoutputQoftheflip-flop.ThiswillgatetheIKhzsignaltobeconnectedtotheinputAoftheripplecounteraswellastotheoutputterminalR.Whenone,twoorthreepulsesarecountedbytheripplecounter,accordingtothelevelofvoltageattheinputterminalsJ,KandL,respectively,ahighisgeneratedtoresetthecounterandchangethestateoftheflip-flopsuchthatQbecomeslow.Hence,the1KHzsignalisdisabledtoreachtheoutputerminalRortheinputAoftheripplecounter.Inordertoensuretheproperfunctionofthecircuit,theflip-flopshouldbeclearedwheneveranewchannelisoperated.Thishasbeenachievedbytheinput5andwillbeexplainedlaterwhendescribingthefunctionofthechannelsrotaryselectorswitchs.E.DisplayCircuitAsshowninFigure2,thedisplaypanelwouldcontainthree4-digitdisplaysthatgivethesumofmoneyrequiredfromeachpassengerseparatelyaswellasaonesix-digitdisplaythatgivesthetotalincomeofthetaxicab.ApossiblewiringdiagramforthedisplaycircuitisshowninFigure9.Rotatinganyoftherotaryselectorswitchestofullyclockwisedirectionwillsupplythecorrespondingdisplayby5voltsthroughterminals1,2and3,respectively.ThecorrespondingdisplaywillbeunblankedbysupplyingalowlevelofvoltagethroughterminalsA,CandG,respectively.Keepingterminals8,DandH,respectively,atlowlevelwillkeepthemresettozero.ThecorrespondingdisplayisthenenabledbyremovingthelowvoltagefromterminalsB,D,andH,respectively,tobereadyforcountingthesumofmoneyrequiredfromthecorrespondingpassengerstartingfromzero.ThecountingpulsesforthesethreedisplaysaresuppliedthroughterminalP.Thetotalsumdisplaywillbeenabledwheneveranyofthethreedisplaysisenabled(thisisdonebya3-inputORgateasshowninFigure8).RetainingthecontentsofthelastdisplaywillbedonebyunblankingitbysupplyingalowlevelofvoltagetoterminalIasshowninFigure10b.F.ChangingOverBetweenTimeandDistanceFaresInthefollowingpart,twodifferentmethodsforchangingoverbetweentimeandistancefaresaresuggested:Thefirstistoswitchtotimefarewheneverthedistancefareislessthanthetimefare.Hence,asimplelooktofarestable(Table2)canshowthattimefareshouldbeusedwheneverthetaxicabmoveswithspeedlessthan50m/min.ApossiblecircuitthatcanperformthisswitchingactionisshowninFigureIOc.Itcontainsonerpmlimitswitchandaoneinverteraswellastwo2-inputANDgates.Thecontactsofthelimitswitcharenormallyclosedandwillbeopenedwhenevertheangularspeedofthespeedometercablexceeds50rmp.ThesecondalternationistoconnecttheinputoftheinverterinFigure10c.totheoutputterminalQofthespeedometercircuit,Figure2.Inthiscase,theswitchingintotimefarewillbedonewheneverthetaxicabisatstandstill.G.FunctionoftheRotarySelectorSwitchesThevoltagelevelsthatshouldbesuppliedbytheterminalsoftherotaryselectorswitchesinordertoensureproperoperationbytheelectroniccircuitaregiveninTable3.Connectionofthreerotaryselectorswitcheseachwitbfourdecksoffivepoleseach,thatsatisfythelogicfunctionofTable3,isshowninFigure10a.Rotatinganyofthethreeswitchesintofullyclockwisedirectionwillpassthroughfivepositions.Thefunctionoftherotaryselectorswitchescanbedescribedstartingfromthefirstpositionpassingthroughvarioustepsuntilreachingthefinalpositionasfollows:Initialposition:InthispositionalowvoltagelevelisappliedtoterminalsI,2and3,thiswilldisconnectthe5voltssupplyfromthethreefirstdisplays,setthethreeinputsofthenumberofpassengerdetectioncircuitCTItolowlevel.Alowvoltagelevelisappliedtoterminals8,DandH,thisistoensurethatthetotalincomedisplayisdisabled.VoltagelevelsatterminalsA,C,GandSareatnocarecondition.StepI:Rotatinganyoftherotaryselectorswitchesonesteptowardclockwisedirectionwillsupply5voltstothecorrespondingdisplay,providesahighlevelvoltageatterminals1,2or3indicatingthatonepassengerhaveenteredthetaxicab.AhighlevelvoltageshouldbeappliedtoterminalsA,CorGinordertoensurethatthecorrespondingdisplayisstillblanked.OtherterminalsB,D,HandSarekeptunchanged.Step2:Rotatingtherotaryselectorswitchonestepfurther,willchangethestateofvoltagesatterminalA,CorGtobeatlowlevelandunblanksthecorrespondingdisplay.StatesofvoltagesatterminalsI,2,3andSareremainedunchanged.TerminalsB,DandHshouldberemainedatlowleveltoensurethatthecorrespondingreadoutisclearedtozerowhileunblankingthedisplay.二、中文翻譯摘要本文提出了一種出租車多通道計價的方案，能同時處理一個以上乘客的情形。為了從理論上說明本方案，提出了一個實驗上的三通道型的士的完整設計（其原型是根據(jù)埃及科學和技術研究學院的研究而建成得）。1.導言在不發(fā)達的國家，早上把人們從他們家送到工作的地方，然后下午送回來已成為一個大問題，尤其是在大城市。作為解決這個問題的一個部分，在某些國家出租車用來解決這個問題，送人們從一個地方到另外一個地方。例如，出租車的四個席位可攜帶四個不同的沒有任何關系的乘客，除了他們的路線是相同的。因此，依靠目前的傳統(tǒng)的單車道計價以確定所需的票價，把每個乘客的計費分開，這已成為一個非常困難的問題。因此，在出租車司機，車主，乘客和國家稅務部門之間存在著不公平的財政關系。在這種情況下，出租車司機強迫乘客支付多于他們所應付的。在某些情況下乘客支付了他們應付車費的雙倍。本常規(guī)單頻道計程車，出租車司機不能夠確定出租車日常收入。在某些情況下（出租車的4個席位），他們可能只有出租車四分之一的收入（大部分的出租車司機）。從這些支付工資的出租車司機以及作為燃料費用外，還要維修以及汽車折舊等費用。事實上，出租車業(yè)主并非似乎如此糟糕。一項在出租車司機和車主之間的協(xié)議已經(jīng)達成，司機應保證每天固定收入，以及向業(yè)主支付燃料以及維修的費用。即使如此，還是有的出租車司機的很大一部分份額之收入的出租車?，F(xiàn)在還存在的單聲道計價，已經(jīng)變得非常，國家稅務部門也知道這種困難每年估計出租車業(yè)主的收入支出，以及應支付的稅務也很困難。為了應對這一問題，國家稅務部已實行固定估計稅，每個座位的出租車不論收入。在本文中，我們介紹了多通道的士計程表，可處理超過一名乘客同時進行的情況。我應該指出，我所說的長期旅客指一個人或一組相關的人。我同時也應指出，我們提出的多渠道的計價，不是簡單地說，一個多顯示讀數(shù)。作為一個先進的事項，事實上它包含邏輯電路，可以自動計算變化的車費以及每公里行走距離或每分鐘的候車時間按照乘客人數(shù)雇用出租車。在下面的部分，我舉出一個例子，我們將介紹一個完整的三通道計價?？驁D以及詳細的電路圖，實驗三通道計價功能也包括在內(nèi)。原型下已建成埃及贈款科學學院和技術研究。2.實驗THREECHANNEL出租車計價器理論的運作我們的實驗裝置從事電子數(shù)字計價依據(jù)。事實上速度電纜旋轉1圈的每米距離行駛。因此，如果車速電纜耦合與速度傳感器，產(chǎn)生一個單脈沖每平方米的旅行距離，那么，我們的的士可以三倍于反模塊相與速度傳感器的單位。然而，我們的實驗是計價而不僅僅是只顯示三個讀數(shù)。事實上，它包含邏輯電路，可以根據(jù)每公里的行駛距離或每分鐘等候時間按照乘客人數(shù)雇用出租車來自動改變車費。該裝置可能會分成兩個主要部分組成：第一是速度傳感器，這個傳感器可位于任何地方，在出租車內(nèi)進行這樣一個簡單的耦合車速電纜是可以實現(xiàn)的。單位包含了主要的電子電路，顯示器以及控制面板。該單位應位于前排的司機和乘客之間。一個可能的組成部分位置如1所示。速度傳感器其主要職能是本單位提供脈沖的培訓，這個脈沖的頻率會于旋轉角度相適合。一種可能的形式一個速度傳感器是如圖2所示。如果可以包含正弦波發(fā)生器的輸出連接到脈沖整形電路的永磁器件（2通用芯片二極管，1000歐姆的電阻和施密特觸發(fā)逆變器）。為了找到某種方式來檢測出租車的運動，正弦波發(fā)生器的輸出是糾正通過一個通用的硅二極管延胡索乙然后平滑的1000年F電容。那個輸出電壓在終端Q是當時限于價值4.7伏特用益歐姆的電阻以及一個齊納二極管ZD。出租車的終端電壓在終端Q將高電壓降為零。這電壓可作為改變出租車從距離計費到時間計費方式的開關電壓。主要的電子和顯示單元一個建議是主要形式的電子和顯示單元是如圖3所示?？刂坪惋@示器面板包含所有'控制所必需的經(jīng)營的士以及四個可讀顯示器。第一頻道將給出從第一乘客，第二乘客，第三乘客分別應付的費用，第四個會給出總收入給予出租車。最后讀出的數(shù)據(jù)會包括停車的費用等等費用。頻道選擇器開關1，第2和第3個，按順時針/逆時針的立場。在充分逆時針的立場，反相應的讀出是未標明和殘疾人。以順時針方向則是未定義的，清除為零，對于第一第二第三的乘客分別計費。第四號推進總鈕第四次讀出，使任何人保留讀出相應的總收入。經(jīng)過釋放按鈕，第四次讀出將再次保留。這個單位還包含主要電子電路將在下一節(jié)充分描述。描述的主要電子電路電路一般框圖主要電子電路如圖4所示。它由五個部分指定的電腦符號與電話系統(tǒng)整合成為4個支撐電路，它們是：判斷乘客數(shù)量電路CT1，旅行距離電路CT2，等待時間電路CT3，時鐘脈沖顯示電路CT4。乘客人數(shù)檢測電路CT1如圖所示的一般框圖，該電路電腦與電話系統(tǒng)整合有三個輸出：1，2和3相對應于三個輸出J，K和L。這個循環(huán)電路函數(shù)包含高電壓的終端J，K或L，如果有1個或者2，3個乘客分別租用出租車。這個組里的任意乘客都是一組相關的人。當一個乘客進入出租車后，我們只是表示這樣一種情況，自由讀出顯示在談到相應的旋轉選擇開關，以一個完全順時針方向。這將自動斷開相應的終端1，2或3個從地面。邏輯關系各種輸入端子之間第1，第2和第3個輸出端J，K和L是列于表1。作為一個組合電路，我們開始設計產(chǎn)生了一系列布爾函數(shù)。一種可能的邏輯圖的基礎上，上